List of Vega launches
![]() Vega's flight VV09 before its liftoff with the Sentinel-2B mission. | |
Function | Small-lift launch vehicle. |
---|---|
Manufacturer | Avio |
Country of origin | Italy, European Space Agency[a] |
Cost per launch | US$37 million[1] |
Size | |
Height | 30 m (98 ft) |
Diameter | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
Mass | 137,000 kg (302,000 lb) |
Stages | 4 |
Capacity | |
Payload to polar orbit (700 km, i 90°) | |
Mass | 1,430 kg (3,150 lb) |
Payload to elliptical orbit (1500 × 200 km, i 5.4°) | |
Mass | 1,963 kg (4,328 lb) |
Payload to SSO (400 km) | |
Mass | 1,450 kg (3,200 lb) |
Payload to Low Earth Orbit (200 km, i 90°) | |
Mass | 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) |
Associated rockets | |
Comparable | |
Launch history | |
Status | Active |
Launch sites | Centre Spatial Guyanais, ELV |
Total launches |
|
Success(es) | 20 |
Failure(s) | 3 |
First flight | 13 February 2012[2] |
Last flight | 9 October 2023 |
First stage – P80[3][4] | |
Height | 11.7 m (38 ft) |
Diameter | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
Empty mass | 7,330 kg (16,160 lb) |
Gross mass | 95,695 kg (210,971 lb) |
Maximum thrust | 2,261 kN (508,000 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 280 s (2.7 km/s) |
Burn time | 107 seconds |
Propellant | HTPB / AP (solid) |
Second stage – Zefiro 23 | |
Height | 8.39 m (27.5 ft) |
Diameter | 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) |
Empty mass | 2,850 kg (6,280 lb) |
Gross mass | 28,850 kg (63,600 lb) |
Maximum thrust | 871 kN (196,000 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 287.5 s (2.819 km/s) |
Burn time | 71,6 seconds |
Propellant | HTPB / AP (solid)[5] |
Third stage – Zefiro 9 | |
Height | 4.12 m (13.5 ft) |
Diameter | 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) |
Empty mass | 1,315 kg (2,899 lb) |
Gross mass | 11,815 kg (26,048 lb) |
Maximum thrust | 260 kN (58,000 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 296 s (2.90 km/s) |
Burn time | 117 seconds |
Propellant | HTPB / AP (solid)[6] |
Upper stage – AVUM | |
Height | 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) |
Diameter | 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) |
Empty mass | 147 kg (324 lb) |
Gross mass | 697 kg (1,537 lb) |
Powered by | 1 × RD-843 |
Maximum thrust | 2.42 kN (540 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 315.5 s (3.094 km/s) |
Burn time | 317 seconds |
Propellant | UDMH / N2O4 |
Vega is an expendable launch system in use by Arianespace which was jointly developed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the European Space Agency (ESA). Development began in 1998 and the first launch took place from the Centre Spatial Guyanais on 13 February 2012.[7]
It is designed to launch small payloads — 300 to 2500 kg satellites for scientific and Earth observation missions to polar and low Earth orbits.[8] The reference Vega mission is a polar orbit bringing a spacecraft of 1500 kg to an altitude of 700 km.
The rocket, named after the star Vega,[9] is a single-body launcher (no strap-on boosters) with three solid rocket stages: the P80 first stage, the Zefiro 23 second stage, and the Zefiro 9 third stage. The upper module is a liquid rocket called AVUM. The improved version of the P80 stage, the P120C, is also used as the side boosters of the Ariane 6. Italy is the leading contributor to the Vega program (65%), followed by France (13%).[10] Other participants include Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden.[11]
Launch statistics
[edit]Past launches
[edit]Note: Date and time of start (as count-down zero, ignition or lift-off?) is listed in UTC. (Although local time at Guiana Space Centre (CSG) in Kourou, French Guiana, South America is UTC–3.)
2012
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) [12] | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV01 | 13 February 2012 10:00:00 |
Vega | ELV | LARES • ALMASat-1 • e-st@r • Goliat • MaSat-1 • PW-Sat • ROBUSTA • UniCubeSat-GG • Xatcobeo | LEO | University of Bologna[13] | Success | |
First Vega launch; Geodetic and Nanosatellite; |
2013
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) [12] | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV02 | 7 May 2013 02:06:31 |
Vega | ELV | PROBA-V • VNREDSat 1A • ESTCube-1 | 254.83 kg (561.8 lb) [14] | SSO | ESA • VAST • | Success |
First commercial launch; Earth observation satellite;[15][16] |
2014
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) [12] | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV03 | 30 April 2014 01:35:15 |
Vega | ELV | KazEOSat 1 | 830 kg (1,830 lb) [17] | SSO | KGS | Success |
Earth observation satellite [18] |
2015
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV04 | 11 February 2015 13:40:00 |
Vega | ELV | IXV | 1,845 kg (4,068 lb) [19] | TAO | ESA | Success |
Reentry technology demonstration; IXV deployed into a transatmospheric orbit, AVUM briefly entered a low Earth orbit before performing targeted de-orbit.[20][21][22][23][24] | ||||||||
VV05 | 23 June 2015 01:51:58 |
Vega | ELV | Sentinel-2A | 1,130 kg (2,490 lb) [25] | SSO | ESA | Success |
Earth observation satellite [26][27][28][29] | ||||||||
VV06 | 3 December 2015 04:04:00 |
Vega | ELV | LISA Pathfinder | 1,906 kg (4,202 lb) [30] | Halo orbit Earth–Sun L1 | ESA / NASA | Success |
Technology demonstrator[31][32] |
2016
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV07 | 16 September 2016 01:43:35 |
Vega | ELV | PeruSat-1 • 4 Terra Bella satellites | 870 kg (1,920 lb)[33] | SSO | Peruvian Armed Forces • Terra Bella | Success |
Reconnaissance satellite / Earth observation satellite[34][35] | ||||||||
VV08 | 5 December 2016 13:51:44 |
Vega | ELV | Göktürk-1A | 1,060 kg (2,340 lb)[36] | SSO | Turkish Armed Forces | Success |
Earth observation satellite [37] (IMINT, Reconnaissance) |
2017
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV09 | 7 March 2017 01:49:24 |
Vega | ELV | Sentinel-2B | 1,130 kg (2,490 lb)[38] | SSO | ESA | Success |
Earth observation satellite[39][40] | ||||||||
VV10 | 2 August 2017 01:58:33 |
Vega | ELV | OPTSAT-3000 • VENμS | 632 kg (1,393 lb)[41] | SSO | Italian Defense Ministry • ISA/CNES | Success |
IMINT Earth observation satellite[42] | ||||||||
VV11 | 8 November 2017 01:42:31 |
Vega | ELV | Mohammed VI-A (MN35-13A) | 1,110 kg (2,450 lb)[43] | SSO | Morocco | Success |
Earth observation satellite[44] |
2018
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV12 | 22 August 2018 21:20:09 [45] |
Vega | ELV | ADM-Aeolus[46][47][48] | 1,357 kg (2,992 lb) [49] | SSO | ESA | Success |
Weather satellite | ||||||||
VV13 | 21 November 2018 01:42:31 [50] |
Vega | ELV | Mohammed VI-B (MN35-13B) [50] | 1,108 kg (2,443 lb) [51] | SSO | Morocco | Success |
Earth observation satellite |
2019
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV14 | 22 March 2019 01:50:35 [52] |
Vega | ELV | PRISMA[53] | 879 kg (1,938 lb) [54] | SSO | Italian Space Agency | Success |
Earth observation satellite | ||||||||
VV15 | 11 July 2019 01:53 |
Vega | ELV | Falcon Eye 1 | 1,197 kg (2,639 lb) | SSO | UAEAF[55] | Failure [56] |
IMINT (Reconnaissance) – The VV15 launch failure was possibly caused by a thermal protection design flaw on the second stage's forward dome area,[57] and led to reassignment of the FalconEye 2 launch.[58][59] This also led to the highest recorded amount (US$411.21 million) for an insurance claim for a satellite launch failure.[60] |
2020
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV16 | 3 September 2020 01:51:10 [61] |
Vega | ELV | SSMS PoC Flight, D-Orbit,[62] Spaceflight Industries,[63] SITAEL[64] and ISISpace[65] microsatellites and cubesats (53 satellites). | 756 kg (1,667 lb) [66] | SSO | Various | Success |
Technology demonstration: launch of the Small Satellites Mission Service Dispenser (SSMS Dispenser) Proof of Concept Flight.[67] | ||||||||
VV17 | 17 November 2020 01:52:20 [68] |
Vega | ELV | SEOSat-Ingenio and TARANIS[69][70] | 925 kg (2,039 lb) | SSO | Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) (Spain) and Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), France | Failure [71] |
Earth observation satellite and Study of the atmosphere of the Earth. After ignition of the AVUM upper stage, a trajectory deviation caused failure. Satellites were valued at nearly US$400 million.[71] An assembly error (inverted control cable) was the suspected cause.[71] |
2021
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV18 | 29 April 2021 01:50 [72] |
Vega | ELV | Pléiades Neo 3 • NorSat-3 • Bravo • ELO Alpha • Lemur-2 × 2 | 1,278 kg (2,818 lb) | SSO | Airbus Defence and Space • NOSA • Aurora Insight • Eutelsat • Spire Global | Success |
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) piggyback mission. | ||||||||
VV19 | 17 August 2021 01:47 [73] |
Vega | ELV | Pléiades Neo 4 • BRO-4 • LEDSAT • RADCUBE • SUNSTORM | 1,029 kg (2,269 lb) | SSO | Airbus Defence and Space • UnseenLabs • Sapienza University of Rome • ESA • C3S Hungary • Reaktor Space Lab | Success |
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) piggyback mission. | ||||||||
VV20 | 16 November 2021 09:27:55[74] |
Vega | ELV | CERES 1/2/3 | 1,548 kg (3,413 lb) | Semi-synchronous orbit (SSO) – New orbit by Vega | CNES • DGA | Success |
SIGINT satellites.[75] |
2022
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV21 | 13 July 2022 13:13:17[76] |
Vega-C | ELV |
|
350 kg (770 lb) | MEO | Success | |
First flight of Vega-C | ||||||||
VV22 | 21 December 2022 01:47:31[77] |
Vega-C | ELV | Pléiades-Neo 5 • Pléiades-Neo 6 (VHR-2020 3/4) | 1,977 kg (4,359 lb) | SSO | Airbus Defence and Space | Failure |
Earth observation satellites[78] Failure due to loss of pressure of the Zefiro 40 second stage.[79] |
2023
[edit]Flight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV23 | 9 October 2023 01:36[80] |
Vega | ELV | SSO | Success | |||
Earth observation satellites and Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) #5 rideshare mission with 10 cubesats. Two cubesats, ANSER-Leader and ESTCube-2, failed to separate from the payload adapter and likely burned in the atmosphere together with the adapter when it was deorbited.[81] |
Future launches
[edit]2024
[edit]Date / time (UTC) [12] | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 September 2024 01:50[82] |
Vega | ELV | Sentinel-2C | SSO |
Final flight of the base Vega configuration. Third Sentinel-2 Earth observation satellite. | ||||
15 November 2024 [83] | Vega-C | ELV | Sentinel-1C | SSO |
Third Sentinel-1 satellite. Return to flight for Vega-C following the VV22 launch failure.[84] | ||||
December 2024[85] | Vega-C | ELV | KOMPSAT-6 (Arirang-6) | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. |
2025
[edit]Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 2025[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #9 | LEO |
SSMS #9 rideshare mission. Delayed due to the VV22 Vega-C launch failure.[84] | ||||
Q2 2025[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #7 | SSO |
SSMS #7 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q3 2025[87] | Vega-C[88] | ELV | Sentinel-3C | SSO |
Third Sentinel-3 Earth observation satellite.[89] | ||||
Q3 2025[90] | Vega-C | ELV | Space Rider | LEO |
Technology demonstration[91] | ||||
Q3 2025[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #13 | SSO |
SSMS #13 rideshare mission. | ||||
November 2025[92] | Vega-C | ELV | PLATiNO-2 / MAIA | SSO |
PLATiNO-2 will host the MAIA instrument payload. | ||||
Q4 2025[93] | Vega-C | ELV | IRIDE × ? | LEO |
First launch for the Italian IRIDE Earth observation satellite constellation. | ||||
Q4 2025[93] | Vega-C | ELV | IRIDE × ? | LEO |
Second launch for the Italian IRIDE Earth observation satellite constellation. | ||||
Q4 2025[94] | Vega-C | ELV | SMILE | HEO |
Joint Chinese-European Earth observation satellite. | ||||
2025[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #8 | SSO |
SSMS #8 rideshare mission. | ||||
2025[88] | Vega-C | ELV | Sentinel-1D | SSO |
Fourth Sentinel-1 satellite. | ||||
2025[95] | Vega-C | ELV | BIOMASS | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. Part of the Living Planet Programme. | ||||
TBD[96] | Vega-C | ELV | PLATiNO-1 | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. | ||||
2025[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #6 | SSO |
SSMS #6 rideshare mission. | ||||
2025[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #10 | SSO |
SSMS #10 rideshare mission. | ||||
2025[97] | Vega-C | ELV | CO3D × 4 | SSO |
Earth observation satellites | ||||
2025[98] | Vega-C | ELV | CSG-3 | SSO |
Third COSMO-SkyMed 2nd Generation satellite. | ||||
2025[99] | Vega-C | ELV | MicroCarb | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. | ||||
2025[100][101] | Vega-C[102] | ELV | SHALOM | SSO |
Joint Italian-Israeli hyperspectral imaging satellite. |
2026
[edit]Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
January 2026[103] | Vega-C | ELV | KOMPSAT-7 (Arirang-7) | SSO |
Earth observation satellite[104][105] | ||||
Q2 2026[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #14 | SSO |
SSMS #14 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q3 2026[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #15 | LEO |
SSMS #15 rideshare mission to an equatorial orbit. | ||||
Q3 2026[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #16 | LEO |
SSMS #16 rideshare mission to an equatorial orbit. | ||||
Q4 2026[87] | Vega-C[88] | ELV | CO2M-A (Sentinel-7A) | SSO |
Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
2026[106] | Vega-C | ELV | ALTIUS, FLEX | SSO |
ALTIUS is an ozone observation satellite. FLEX is an Earth observation satellite of the Living Planet Programme. | ||||
2026[107] | Vega-C | ELV | ClearSpace-1 | LEO |
Space debris removal demo. | ||||
2026[108] | Vega-C | ELV | CSG-4 | SSO |
Fourth COSMO-SkyMed 2nd Generation satellite. | ||||
2026[109] | Vega-C | ELV | EAGLE-1 | LEO |
Demonstrator satellite for the first European sovereign space-based quantum key distribution system.[110] |
2027
[edit]Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 2027[87] | Vega-C[88] | ELV | CO2M-B (Sentinel-7B) | SSO |
Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
Q2 2027[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #17 | LEO |
SSMS #17 rideshare mission. | ||||
2027[111][112] | Vega-C [113] | ELV | FORUM | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. Part of the Living Planet Programme. | ||||
2027[114] | Vega-E | ELV | LEO | |
Maiden flight of Vega-E. |
2028
[edit]Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q2 2028[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #18 | LEO |
SSMS #18 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q4 2028[87] | Vega-C[115] | ELV | CRISTAL (Sentinel-9) | Polar |
Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
Q4 2028[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #19 | LEO |
SSMS #19 rideshare mission. | ||||
2028[87] | Vega-C[116] | ELV | Sentinel-3D | SSO |
Fourth Sentinel-3 Earth observation satellite.[89] |
2029
[edit]Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q2 2029[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #20 | LEO |
SSMS #20 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q3 2029[87] | Vega-C[117] | ELV | CIMR-A (Sentinel-11A) | SSO |
Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
Q4 2029[86] | Vega-C | ELV | SSMS #21 | LEO |
SSMS #21 rideshare mission. | ||||
2029[117] | Vega-C | ELV | CHIME (Sentinel-10) | SSO |
Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
2029[117] | Vega-C | ELV | LSTM (Sentinel-8) | SSO |
Copernicus Land Surface Temperature Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme. |
2030
[edit]Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
2030[118] | Vega-C | ELV | TRUTHS | LEO |
Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies. |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ The European Space Agency brings together, in addition to Italy, 21 more sovereign states: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
References
[edit]- ^ Office. "Surplus Missile Motors: Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers | U.S. GAO". www.gao.gov. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "VV01 – Vega's first liftoff". ESA. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ Avio. "Vega Satellite Launcher" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ Avio. "Avio Space". Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Zefiro 23". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Zefiro 9". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ "Vega". ESA. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ Amos, Jonathan (13 February 2012). "Vega launcher makes first flight". BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ Tariq Malik (13 February 2012). "Europe Launches New Vega Rocket on Maiden Voyage". Space.com. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
The Italian-built Vega rocket is named after the second-brightest star in the northern hemisphere
- ^ Svitak, Amy (6 February 2012). "European Vega Small-Class Launcher Targets Government Market". Aviation Week. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
- ^ Clark, Steven (14 February 2012). "Vega launcher program courts German participation". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d Pietrobon, Steven (10 October 2018). "Ariane Launch Manifest". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Vega Flight VV01". Arianespace. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "SECOND VEGA LAUNCH FROM THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ VERTA is an acronym for Vega Research and Technology Accompaniment and designates Vega's missions aiming "to demonstrate the flexibility of the Vega launch system" VERTA framework includes four ESA missions (PROBA-V, ADM-Aeolus, LISA Pathfinder and IXV), but also some missions of National Agencies (like ASI). Source: ESA (20 November 2013) VERTA Programme ASI (2015) PRISMA Precursore IperSpettrale (Hyperspectral Precursor) of the application mission
- ^ "Vega delivers three Satellites to Orbit to achieve second Success". Spaceflight101. 7 May 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ^ "THIRD VEGA LAUNCH FROM THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (Press Kit)" (PDF). Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Greg Delaney (22 June 2012). "Kazakhstan to launch sastellite on new Arianespace Vega vehicle". kazakhstanlive.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^ "February 2015 | VV04 | IXV (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Bergin, Chris (3 July 2014). "ESA's experimental space plane gearing up for November debut". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- ^ "The Spaceport keeps pace with Arianespace's busy mission cadence". Arianespace. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
- ^ "ESA launch schedule". Retrieved 28 November 2014.
- ^ "Vega to fly ESA experimental reentry vehicle". ESA. 29 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^ "IXV – Intermediate Experimental Vehicle". spaceflight101. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^ "June 2015 | VV05 | Sentinel-2A (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Sentinel-2" Archived 30 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine ESA Retrieved 30 April 2014
- ^ "Soyuz orbits Sentinel-1A on 7th successful launch from French Guiana". CNES. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Vega milestones". Arianespace. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^ "ESA books Eurockot Launch for Sentinel-5p Satellite". Eurockot Launch Services. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "December 2015 | VV06 | LISA Pathfinder (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. November 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "LISA Pathfinder overview". ESA. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^ "LISA Pathfinder enroute to gravitational wave demonstration". ESA. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ Arianespace (September 2016). "Launch Kt | September 2016 | VV07 | PerúSAT-1 SkySats-4 to 7" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ de Selding, Peter B. (25 March 2015). "Vega To Launch Peruvian Imaging Satellite Along with Skybox Craft". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Vega To Launch Skybox Satellites". SpaceNews. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ Arianespace (November 2016). "Launch Kit | December 2016 | VV08 | GÖKTÜRK-1" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Arianespace's Vega scores its eighth success in orbiting GÖKTÜRK-1 for Turkey". Arinespace. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ Arianespace (February 2017). "Launch Kit | March 2017 | VV09 | Sentinel-2B" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Project main steps". cnes.fr. CNES. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Arianespace to launch OPTSAT 3000 and VENμS satellites". Arianespace. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Arianespace (July 2017). "Launch Kit | August 2017 | VV10 | OPTSAT-3000 Venμs" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (2 August 2017). "Vega launcher achieves on-target deployment of Earth-imaging satellites". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ Arianespace (October 2017). "Launch Kit | November 2017 | V11 | MOHAMMED VI – A satellite" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Vega VV11 • MN35-A". Spaceflight101. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ ESA Operations [@esaoperations] (22 August 2018). "Exact #Vega liftoff time of flight #VV12 with #Aeolus is confirmed as 21:20:09.478Z" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 August 2018 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ "Wind laser survives extremes" ESA Retrieved 29 April 2014
- ^ de Selding, Peter B. (22 May 2015). "Cost, Schedule Woes on 2 Lidar Missions Push ESA To Change Contract Procedures". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
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