Portal:Egypt

The Egypt Portal Arab Republic of Egypt جمهورية مصر العربية Arabic: Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah Egyptian: Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya Flag Coat of arms ISO 3166 code EG Egypt (Arabic: مصر Miṣr [mesˁr], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867. Egypt's current government, a semi-presidential republic led by president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he was elected in 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor human rights record. Islam is the official religion of Egypt, and Arabic is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is the largest in Africa, the 38th-largest economy by nominal GDP and 127th by nominal GDP per capita. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, World Youth Forum, and a member of BRICS. (Full article...) Selected article - The Statue of Khufu in the Cairo Museum Khufu or Cheops was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC). Khufu succeeded his father Sneferu as king. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are poorly documented. The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a small ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of a later period at Abydos in 1903. All other reliefs and statues were found in fragments, and many buildings of Khufu are lost. Everything known about Khufu comes from inscriptions in his necropolis at Giza and later documents. For example, Khufu is the main character noted in the Westcar Papyrus from the 13th dynasty. (Full article...) List of selected articles Order of battle at the Battle of the Nile Al-Azhar Mosque Kingdom of Egypt Ptolemaic Kingdom Great Pyramid of Giza Egyptian temple Cairo Alexandria The Hanging Church Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo Thebes, Egypt An-Nekhel Fortress Ancient Egypt Reign of Cleopatra Islamic Cairo Battle of the Chinese Farm Muizz Street Battle of Fort Lahtzanit Al-Azhar University Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani Mediterranean campaign of 1798 Fatimid architecture Early life of Cleopatra Fustat Catechetical School of Alexandria Egypt at the 2012 Summer Olympics Early life of Cleopatra Battles of Fort Budapest Operation Badr (1973) Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011 Library of Alexandria Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 581 July 2015 Sinai clashes Nakhla meteorite Milestones (book) Palmyrene invasion of Egypt Peter Martyr's mission to Egypt Egyptian Air Force Prehistoric Egypt Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Egyptian revolution of 2011 Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011 Battle of Fariskur First Battle of El Alamein Ancient Egyptian religion Sudanese refugees in Egypt Wildlife of Egypt Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915) Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) Murder of Marwa El-Sherbini Giza pyramid complex Nile Fatimid conquest of Egypt Cairo Citadel Pyramid of Sahure General images The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia. Coffin of Khnumnakht in 12th dynasty style, with palace facade, columns of inscriptions, and two Wedjat eyes (from Ancient Egypt) Glassmaking was a highly developed art. (from Ancient Egypt) Egyptians celebrated feasts and festivals, accompanied by music and dance. (from Ancient Egypt) The High Court of Justice in Downtown Cairo (from Egypt) Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the Yom Kippur War, 1973 (from Egypt) Celebrating the signing of the 1978 Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, Anwar Sadat (from Egypt) Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta (from Egypt) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is the current President of Egypt. (from Egypt) Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun. (from Ancient Egypt) Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the Suez Canal hit during the initial Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956. (from Egypt) The "weighing of the heart" scene from the Book of the Dead (from Egypt) Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the Project for Public Spaces. (from Egypt) Hunting game birds and plowing a field, tomb of Nefermaat and his wife Itet (c. 2700 BC) (from Ancient Egypt) Pyramidion of Amenemhat III, capstone of the Black Pyramid (from Ancient Egypt) Temple of Derr ruins in 1960 (from Egypt) Napoleon defeated the Mamluk troops in the Battle of the Pyramids, 21 July 1798, painted by Lejeune. (from Egypt) The Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognised as the oldest in Africa (from Egypt) Salah Zulfikar, film star (from Egypt) Arabic calligraphy has seen its golden age in Cairo. This adornment and beads being sold in Muizz Street (from Culture of Egypt) Measuring and recording the harvest, from the tomb of Menna at Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty) (from Ancient Egypt) An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field (from Egypt) The Cairo Metro (line 2) (from Egypt) The Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. (from Ancient Egypt) The Suez Canal Bridge (from Egypt) A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of Nakht. (from Ancient Egypt) Kushari, one of Egypt's national dishes (from Egypt) Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. (from Egypt) The pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization. (from Ancient Egypt) Egyptian honour guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen (from Egypt) Anubis, the god associated with mummification and burial rituals, attending to a mummy (from Ancient Egypt) Wooden figures of soldiers, from the tomb of nomarch Mesehti (11th dynasty) (from Ancient Egypt) The Weighing of the Heart from the Book of the Dead of Ani (from Egypt) Cairo University (from Egypt) Khafre enthroned (from Ancient Egypt) Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the Land of Punt (from Ancient Egypt) Madrasa-Mosque of Sultan Hassan (from Egypt) The Seated Scribe from Saqqara, 5th dynasty (from Ancient Egypt) Egypt's topography (from Egypt) Early tomb painting from Nekhen, c. 3500 BC, Naqada, possibly Gerzeh culture (from Ancient Egypt) President el-Sisi with US President Joe Biden, 11 November 2022 (from Egypt) The battle of Tel el-Kebir in 1882 during the Anglo-Egyptian War (from Egypt) Cairo grew into a metropolitan area with a population of over 20 million. (from Egypt) Prominent Egyptian dissident Alaa Abd El-Fattah was sentenced to five years of imprisonment in December 2021. (from Egypt) Lower-class occupations (from Ancient Egypt) Facsimile of the Astronomical chart in Senemut's tomb, 18th dynasty (from Ancient Egypt) Fuad I of Egypt with Edward, Prince of Wales, 1932 (from Egypt) Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo, 1919 (from Egypt) Tutankhamun charging enemies on his chariot, 18th dynasty (from Ancient Egypt) Smart Village, a business district established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses (from Egypt) Rectangular fishpond with ducks and lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees, Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, 18th Dynasty (from Ancient Egypt) Frontispiece of Description de l'Égypte, published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829 (from Ancient Egypt) The Narmer Palette depicts the unification of the Two Lands. (from Ancient Egypt) Seagoing ship of an expedition to Punt, from a relief of Hatshepsut's Mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahari (from Ancient Egypt) The preserved Temple of Horus at Edfu is a model of Egyptian architecture. (from Ancient Egypt) The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus describes anatomy and medical treatments, written in hieratic, c. 1550 BC. (from Ancient Egypt) Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty (from Egypt) The Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. (from Egypt) The gods Osiris, Anubis, and Horus in the tomb of Horemheb (KV57) in the Valley of the Kings (from Ancient Egypt) A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the Egypt national football team (from Egypt) Portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor wearing the double crown of Egypt (from Ancient Egypt) Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other Kushite kings, Kerma Museum (from Ancient Egypt) The Egyptian Museum of Cairo (from Egypt) Four colossal statues of Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple Abu Simbel. (from Ancient Egypt) The well preserved Temple of Isis from Philae is an example of Egyptian architecture and architectural sculpture. (from Ancient Egypt) Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (from Egypt) Governorates of Egypt 1. Matrouh2. Alexandria3. Beheira4. Kafr El Sheikh5. Dakahlia6. Damietta7. Port Said8. North Sinai9. Gharbia10. Monufia11. Qalyubia12. Sharqia13. Ismailia14. Giza15. Faiyum16. Cairo17. Suez18. South Sinai19. Beni Suef20. Minya21. New Valley22. Asyut23. Red Sea24. Sohag25. Qena26. Luxor27. Aswan (from Egypt) The Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west (from Egypt) Sennedjem plows his fields in Aaru with a pair of oxen, Deir el-Medina. (from Ancient Egypt) Egyptian tomb models as funerary goods (from Ancient Egypt) Ruins of Deir el-Medina (from Ancient Egypt) Illustration of various types of capitals, by Karl Richard Lepsius (from Ancient Egypt) The Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt. (from Egypt) Egypt is the eighth most water stressed country in the world. (from Egypt) Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. (from Egypt) The Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth caliph, as renovated by Dawoodi Bohra (from Egypt) The Temple of Dendur, completed by 10 BC, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from Ancient Egypt) Aziz Pasha Abaza, poet from the aristocratic literay Egyptian family the House of Abaza of Circassian Abazin origin (from Culture of Egypt) A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, most probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II. It functioned as a divine guardian for the imiut; the divine kilt, suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler. (from Ancient Egypt) The Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo, of Ahmad Ibn Tulun (from Egypt) Ancient Egyptians playing music (from Egypt) Soad Hosny, film star (from Egypt) Rushdy Abaza of Egypt's largest aristocratic family, the Abaza family, of maternal-Circassian Abazin heritage. Among the most famous Egyptian and Arabic actors (from Culture of Egypt) Model of a household porch and garden, c. 1981–1975 BC (from Ancient Egypt) Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna, c. 1400 BC (from Ancient Egypt) Alexandria in 2017 (from Egypt) The Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion, at the Temple of Dendera (from Egypt) St. Mark Coptic Cathedral in Alexandria (from Egypt) The Suez Canal (from Egypt) Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (from Egypt) Tourists riding an Arabian camel in front of Pyramid of Khafre. The Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. (from Egypt) Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 (from Egypt) Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 (from Egypt) Muhammad Ali was the founder of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. (from Egypt) Egypt's population density (people per km2) (from Egypt) The halls of Karnak Temple are built with rows of large columns. (from Ancient Egypt) Tanoura dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo (from Egypt) British infantry near El Alamein, 17 July 1942 (from Egypt) The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols of royalty and power. (from Ancient Egypt) The Rosetta Stone (c. 196 BC) enabled linguists to begin deciphering ancient Egyptian scripts. (from Ancient Egypt) A typical Naqada II jar decorated with gazelles (Predynastic Period) (from Ancient Egypt) Hosni Mubarak — president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 (from Egypt) Hieroglyphs on stela in Louvre, c. 1321 BC (from Ancient Egypt) The Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. (from Ancient Egypt) Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom (from Ancient Egypt) Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics (from Egypt) Did you know (auto-generated) - ... that the Qurna Queen's tomb may be the only complete royal burial exported in its entirety from Egypt? ... that hostile references towards Anglo-Egyptian rule in Sudan by Khalil Farah were hidden in colloquial Sudanese Arabic? ... that Hussein Kamel Bahaeddin tried to pass a decree in 1994 that would have prohibited wearing hijab in Egyptian schools? ... that by the time the Egyptian frigate Mehemet Ali served in the 1877 Russo-Turkish War she was described as "as much good as a cardboard box"? ... that the journalist Wendell Steavenson's book Circling the Square covers the events of the 2011–2013 Egyptian crisis, which were centered around Cairo's Tahrir Square? ... that an Egyptian rabbi's authority was invoked in a deed freeing a woman from slavery in 1132 in Mangalore, India? ... that zanana can refer to a nagging wife in Egypt, or to Israeli drones flying overhead in Gaza? ... that the oldest complete versions of the Book of Jonah and 1 Peter are from a 3rd-century codex discovered in Egypt in 1952? Selected biography - Pope Shenouda III Pope Shenouda III (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ʃeˈnuːdæ]; Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲅ̅ Papa Abba Šenoude pimah šoumt; Arabic: بابا الإسكندرية شنودة الثالث Bābā al-Iskandarīyah Shinūdah al-Thālith; 3 August 1923 – 17 March 2012) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His papacy lasted 40 years, 4 months, and 4 days, from 14 November 1971 until his death. His official title was Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist, Father of fathers, Shepherd of shepherds, Successor of Saint Mark, thirteenth among the Apostles, Ecumenical Judge, Beloved of Christ. He was also the head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church. He was known as a conservative figure within the church, and was respected within the Muslim community. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Cleopatra Omar Sharif Hosni Mubarak Anwar Sadat Isma'il Pasha Gamal Abdel Nasser Hadji Ali Ahmed el-Tayeb Muhammad Ali of Egypt Naguib Mahfouz Mohamed Salah Clement of Alexandria Hypatia Origen Mido (footballer) An-Nasir Ahmad, Sultan of Egypt Kahraba (footballer) Hamdi Qandil Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid Omar Sharaf Faten Hamama Saladin Shajar al-Durr Ramesses III Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Nefertiti Tutankhamun Boutros Boutros-Ghali Al-Adil ibn al-Sallar Ahmed Subhy Mansour Hassan al-Banna al-Hafiz Selected cuisines, dishes and foods - Hawawshi (sometimes spelled hawwaoshi; Egyptian Arabic: حواوشي; IPA: [ħæˈwæwʃi]) is a traditional Egyptian dish. It is a pita stuffed with minced meat and spiced with onions, pepper, parsley, and occasionally chilies. The major variants of hawawshi are "baladi" (standard) and Alexandrian. In most of Egypt, it is baked by filling the flat Egyptian bread with the meat mix and then baking it in the oven. In Alexandria, the ingredients are placed between two circular layers of dough, then baked in an oven. Alexandrian hawawshi also usually have different spices and seasonings. Hawawshi has spread to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa with some variation. In the Levant, it is made using saj bread and includes hot peppers in the filling. In Algeria, it is known as "muhajib" and is eaten with soup or a yoghurt salad. (Full article...) List of articles Ancient Egyptian cuisine Egyptian cuisine Egyptian cheese Ful medames Egyptian wine Beer in Egypt Mish Eish shamsi Rumi cheese Laban rayeb Kushari Feteer meshaltet Laban rayeb Related portals Religions in Egypt Christianity Arab states Other countries All Africa-related portals WikiProjects WikiProject Egypt WikiProject Ancient Egypt WikiProject Africa WikiProject Arab world WikiProject Asia WikiProject Geography WikiProject History WikiProject Ancient Near East Religion work group More did you know... ... that Maimonides Synagogue in Cairo is named for the famous Jewish philosopher, rabbi and physician Maimonides (pictured)? ... that the Alexandrian calendar, based on the ancient Egyptian calendar, was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1875, and is still used today by the Coptic Orthodox Church and the fellahin (peasantry) of Egypt? ... that the Coptic language, the last stage of the Ancient Egyptian language, remains in daily use as the liturgical language of Coptic Christians? ... that Ancient Egyptians were shocked by the Greco-Roman practice of infanticide, and would rescue abandoned babies from manure heaps? Egypt topics Capitals of Egypt
Memphis Herakleopolis Thebes Itjtawy ThebesNC Xois Avaris ThebesNC Akhetaten ThebesNC Pi-Ramesses Tanis Bubastis TanisNC Sais Napata/MemphisNC SaisNC Mendes Sebennytos Alexandria Al-Fustat Al-Askar Al-Qatta'i Al-FustatNC Cairo
NC - Non-consecutive terms; Bold - Current