Russian Mexicans
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Total population | |
---|---|
1,606 Russian nationals residing in the country (2015) (Unknown as of 2019)[1] Unknown number of Mexicans of Russian descent | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Mexico City, Tijuana, Cancún | |
Languages | |
Mexican Spanish, Russian | |
Religion | |
Russian Orthodox and Judaism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Russians, Mennonites in Mexico |
According to the 2000 Mexican census, 1,293 Russian citizens were resident in Mexico.[2]
Russian explorers in New Spain and independent Mexico
[edit]16th and 17th centuries
[edit]- 1542–43: Juan Cabrillo visits San Diego, Farallon Islands, Cape Mendocino, Cape Blanco, Oregon.
- 1579–1639: Russian frontiersmen penetrate eastward to Siberia and the Pacific.
- 1602: S. Viscaino explores to the Columbia River region, naming the Farallon Islands, Point Reyes and the Rio Sebastian (present-day Russian River).
18th century
[edit]- 1728: Vitus Bering and Alexei Chirikov explore Bering Strait.
- 1741–42: Bering and Chirikov claim Russian America (Alaska) for Russia.
- 1769: Gaspar de Portola traveling overland discovers San Francisco Bay.
- 1775: Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra anchors in outer Bodega Bay, trades with the local Indians.
- 1784 — Russians Grigory Shelikov and his wife Natalia establish a base on Kodiak Island.
- 1799 — Russian American Company (with manager Aleksandr Baranov) establishes Novo Arkhangelsk (New Archangel, now Sitka, Alaska).
19th century
[edit]- 1806 — Count Nikolai Rezanov, Imperial Ambassador to Japan and director of the Russian American Company, visits the Presidio of San Francisco.
- 1806–1813: American ships bring Russians and Alaska Natives on 12 California fur hunts.
- 1808–1811 — Ivan Kuskov lands in Bodega Bay (Port Rumiantsev), builds structures and hunts in the region.
- 1812 — March 15, Ivan Kuskov with 25 Russians and 80 Native Alaskans arrives at Port Rumiantsev and proceeds north to establish Fortress Ross.
- 1812 — September 11, The Fortress is dedicated on the name-day of Emperor Alexander I
- 1815 — First Russian migrant to California, José Antonio Bolcoff, arrives.
- 1816 — Russian exploring expedition led by Captain Otto von Kotzebue visits California with naturalists Adelbert von Chamisso, Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz, and artist Louis Choris.
- 1817 — Chief Administrator Captain Leonty Gagemeister conducts treaty with local tribal chiefs for possession of property near Fortress Ross. First such treaty conducted with native peoples in California.
- 1818 — The Rumiantsev, first of four ships built at Fortress Ross. The Buldakov, Volga and Kiahtha follow, as well as several longboats.
- 1821 — Russian Imperial decree gives Native Alaskans and Creoles civil rights protected by law
- 1836 — Fr. Veniaminov (St. Innocent) visits Fort Ross, conducts services, and carries out census.
- 1841 — Rotchev sells Fort Ross and accompanying land to John Sutter.
Migration history
[edit]After the anti-Jewish pogroms of 1881, Mexico frequently came under consideration as a possible refuge for Russian Jews seeking to emigrate.[3] In June 1891, Jacob Schiff, an American Jewish businessman with railroad interests in Mexico, wrote to Ernest Cassel to enquire about the possibility for settlement of Russian Jews there.[4] However, Russian Jews would not begin to arrive in significant quantities until the 1920s.[5]
Pryguny in Baja California
[edit]From 1905 to 1906, about 50 families of Spiritual Christian Pryguny (colloquially known as Molokans), who arrived in Los Angeles from Russia, sought a rural location, and relocated to 13,000 acres (53 km2) of land they had purchased in Guadalupe, Baja California in Mexico.[6] Theirs would become the most successful Prygun colony cluster in North America. There, they build houses largely in the Russian style, but of adobe rather than wood, and grew a variety of cash crops including mostly wheat, alfalfa, grapes, and tomatoes.[7] Their village was originally quite isolated, reflecting their desire to withdraw from society, but in 1958, road construction in the area resulted in an influx of Mexican and other settlers; some chose to flee encroaching urbanization, and returned to the United States. By the 1990s, only one family remained in the area.[8]
Notable Russian-Mexicans
[edit]Artist
[edit]- Arnold Belkin, Canadian-born Mexican painter to Russian Jewish father and English Jewish mother.
- Alberto Kalach, Mexican architect of Russian descent.
- Angelina Beloff, Russian-born Mexican artist.
- Olga Costa, German-born Mexican painter to Russian parents.
- Vlady Kibalchich Russakov, Russian Jewish-born Mexican painter.
- Mariana Yampolsky, American-born Mexican photographer to Russian Jewish father and German Jewish mother.
Entertainment
[edit]- Emmanuel Lubezki - Mexican cinematographer of Russian descent.
- Ilya Salkind - Mexican film and television producer of Russian descent.
- Noel Schajris, Argentine-born Mexican singer-songwriter and pianist of German, Ukrainian/Russian and Spanish descent.
- Fannie Kauffman, Canadian-born Mexican actress and comedian of German, Romanian and Russian descent.
- Kristoff Raczyñski, Russian-born Mexican actor, film producer, screenwriter and TV host of Polish origin.
- Elias Breeskin, Russian-born Mexican violinist, composer and conductor.
- Olga Breeskin, Mexican violinist, dancer and actress of Russian descent.
- Arcady Boytler, Russian-born Mexican producer, screenwriter, and director.
- Siouzana Melikián, Ukrainian-born Mexican actress of Russian and Armenian descent.
- Sergio Olhovich, Indonesian-born Mexican film director and screenwriter of Russian descent.
- Vladislav Badiarov, Russian-born Mexican violinist.
- Jacques Gelman, Russian-born Mexican film producer
- Ana Layevska, Ukrainian-born Mexican singer and actress of Russian origin.
- Valentín Pimstein, Chilean-born Mexican producer of telenovelas to Russian-Jewish parents.
- José Besprosvany, Mexican dancer, choreographer, director and teacher of Russian Jewish descent.
- Claudia Salinas, Mexican model, actress and former ballerina to Russian Ashkenazi mother.
- Philip Saltzman, Mexican-born American executive producer and television writer to Russian Jewish parents.
Literature
[edit]- Margo Glantz - Mexican writer, essayist, critic and academic, daughter of Ukrainian Jews immigrant.
- Sara Sefchovich, Mexican writer of Russian Jewish descent.
Politics
[edit]- Senya Fleshin - Soviet Russian-born Mexican anarchist and photographer.
- Mollie Steimer - Russian-born Mexican anarchist.
- Leon Trotsky - Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army.
- Emilio Kosterlitzky- Russian born commander of the rurales during the late 19th century.
Science
[edit]- Marcos Moshinsky - Ukrainian-born Mexican physicist.
- Alexander Balankin, Russian-born Mexican scientist.
- Pablo Rudomín Zevnovaty, Mexican neuroscientist to Russian parents.
- Nora Volkow, Mexican-born American psychiatrist of Russian descent.
- Sara Topelson de Grinberg, Polish-born Mexican architect to Russian father and Polish mother.
See also
[edit]- Mexico–Russia relations
- Leon Trotsky Museum, Mexico City
- Mexican Orthodox Apostolic Catholic Church
- White Mexicans
References
[edit]- ^ "Población inmigrante residente en México según país de nacimiento, 2015". Consejo Nacional de Población. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ^ Krauze & Katz de Gugenheim 1987, pp. 212–4
- ^ Krauze & Katz de Gugenheim 1987, p. 221
- ^ Krauze & Katz de Gugenheim 1987, p. 260
- ^ Hardwick 1993, p. 95
- ^ Hardwick 1993, p. 96
- ^ Hardwick 1993, p. 97
- ^ Sokoloff, Nina Helen (28 August 2017). "Marino Azuela Como Novelista Revoluccionario Mexicano". Loyola University of Chicago. Retrieved 28 August 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ "UTA, Department of Mathematics, Erick A. Trofimoff". Uta.edu. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "Organización Editorial Mexicana". Oem.com.mx. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "Automatizacion Y Robotica Fabricacion E Instalacion". Seccion Amarilla. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "Publicaciones Especiales del Museo de Zoología : Número 12 : 2003 : LA TAXONOMÍA EN MÉXICO DURANTE EL SIGLO XX" (PDF). Eprints.rclis.org. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "lagenetica española". dieumsnh.qfb.umich.mx. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Bibliography
[edit]- Krauze, Corinne Azen; Katz de Gugenheim, Ariela (1987). Los judíos en México: una historia con énfasis especial en el período de 1857 a 1930/The Jews in Mexico: a history with special emphasis on the period 1857 to 1930. Universidad Iberoamericana. ISBN 9789688590225.
- Hardwick, Susan Wiley (1993). Russian refuge: religion, migration, and settlement on the North American Pacific rim. Geography Research Paper Series. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226316116.
Further reading
[edit]- Story, Sydney Rochelle (1960). Spiritual Christians in Mexico: profile of a Russian village (Ph.D. dissertation). University of California, Los Angeles. OCLC 17406191.
- Muranaka, Therese Adams (1988). Spirit jumpers: the Russian Molokans of Baja California. Ethnic technology notes. Vol. 21. San Diego: Museum of Man. ISBN 9780937808467. OCLC 18928066.
External links
[edit]- Los que llegaron - Rusos y Ucranianos from Canal Once (In Spanish)
- Russian Community in Mexico
- Russian Orthodox Church in Mexico City
- Orthodox Church in Mexico
- Russian Mexican Institute "Serguéi Eisenstein".
- Russians in Mexico (In Russian)
- SORUMEX: Consejo Coordinador de los Compatriotas Rusos en Mexico
- Pryguny in Baja California, Mexico, by Andrei Conovaloff, Updated 2015.