尿
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]尿 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸水 (SE), four-corner 77232, composition ⿸尸水)
Derived characters
[edit]- 㳮 (also its variant form)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7651
- Dae Jaweon: page 596, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 966, character 15
- Unihan data for U+5C3F
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 尿 | |
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Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone script. In the seal script, it became an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 尾 (“tail”) + 水 (“water”). 尾 later simplified into 尸 (“body”).
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
尿 | |
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alternative forms | 溺 㞙 㳮 𡲘 𡱤 |
Related to Proto-Tai *niəwᴮ (“urine”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiao4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нё (ni͡o, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyieu5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): niau3
- Northern Min (KCR): niāu
- Eastern Min (BUC): niêu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5gniau / 3gniau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyiau5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: niào
- Wade–Giles: niao4
- Yale: nyàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niaw
- Palladius: няо (njao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiao4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niao
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲiau²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нё (ni͡o, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niɔː⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: niu6
- Yale: niuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: niu6
- Guangdong Romanization: niu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /niːu̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: niau5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdiau³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyieu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲiɛu¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiau
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiau
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiau4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: niau3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /niau⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /niau⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: niêu
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡiɛu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giō
- Tâi-lô: giō
- Phofsit Daibuun: gioi
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liǒ
- Tâi-lô: liǒ
- IPA (Lukang): /lio³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- liō/jiō/giō/liǒ - colloquial;
- niāu - literary.
- Middle Chinese: newH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.nˤewk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*neːwɢs/
Definitions
[edit]尿
- urine (Classifier: 泡 m; 篤/笃 c)
- to urinate; to pee
- (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) to pay attention to someone
- (dialectal Mandarin) to yield to; to give up; to admit defeat
- (Tianjin Mandarin) to fear; to be afraid of (the other party in a fight)
- (Tianjin Mandarin) to lose heart; to be discouraged; to be cowardly
- (Tianjin Mandarin) courage; guts
- (Ürümqi Mandarin) smug; cocky; pleased with oneself
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 利尿 (lìniào)
- 利尿劑/利尿剂 (lìniàojì)
- 夜尿症 (yèniàozhèng)
- 導尿/导尿 (dǎoniào)
- 導尿管/导尿管 (dǎoniàoguǎn)
- 尿出子
- 尿嘧啶 (niàomìdìng)
- 尿囊
- 尿壺/尿壶 (niàohú)
- 尿失禁 (niàoshījìn)
- 尿尿
- 尿尿把把
- 尿崩症 (niàobēngzhèng)
- 尿布 (niàobù)
- 尿布疹 (niàobùzhěn)
- 尿床 (niàochuáng)
- 尿急 (niàojí)
- 尿毒症 (niàodúzhèng)
- 尿流屁滾/尿流屁滚
- 尿液 (niàoyè)
- 尿液篩檢/尿液筛检
- 屁滾尿流/屁滚尿流 (pìgǔnniàoliú)
- 尿炕 (niàokàng)
- 尿片 (niàopiàn)
- 尿療法/尿疗法 (niàoliáofǎ)
- 尿盆兒/尿盆儿
- 尿素 (niàosù)
- 尿肥
- 尿袋 (niàodài)
- 尿道 (niàodào)
- 尿道感染
- 尿道炎 (niàodàoyán)
- 尿酸 (niàosuān)
- 尿鱉/尿鳖
- 尿鱉子/尿鳖子
- 屎尿 (shǐniào)
- 屎滾尿流/屎滚尿流 (shǐgǔnniàoliú)
- 憋尿 (biēniào)
- 懶人多屎尿/懒人多屎尿 (laan5 jan4 do1 si2 niu6)
- 抗利尿素
- 排尿 (páiniào)
- 撒尿 (sāniào)
- 有尿小子
- 泌尿 (mìniào)
- 泌尿器 (mìniàoqì)
- 泌尿外科 (mìniào wàikē)
- 泌尿管 (mìniàoguǎn)
- 無尿症/无尿症
- 糖尿病 (tángniàobìng)
- 紙尿布/纸尿布
- 紙尿片/纸尿片 (zhǐniàopiàn)
- 紙尿褲/纸尿裤 (zhǐniàokù)
- 蛋白尿 (dànbáiniào)
- 血尿 (xuèniào)
- 輸尿管/输尿管 (shūniàoguǎn)
- 遺尿/遗尿 (yíniào)
- 頻尿/频尿 (pínniào)
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
尿 |
---|
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi1 / syu4
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): sui1 / su1
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1sy / 1syu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suei
- Wade–Giles: sui1
- Yale: swēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suei
- Palladius: суй (suj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: seoi1 / syu4
- Yale: sēui / syùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: soey1 / sy4
- Guangdong Romanization: sêu1 / xu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵/, /syː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- seoi1 - literary;
- syu4 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sui1 / su1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sui / su
- Sinological IPA (key): /sui³³/, /su³³/
- (Teochew)
- sui1 - literary;
- su1 - vernacular.
Definitions
[edit]尿
- (colloquial) urine
- (colloquial) to urinate; to pee
- (dialectal Mandarin) bad; spineless; poor; damned
- (Wuhan Mandarin) to fail; to break down
- (Wuhan Mandarin) ugly; plain-looking
- (Wuhan Mandarin) wantonly; arbitrarily; carelessly
See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: にょう (nyō, Jōyō)←ねう (neu, historical)
- Kan-on: じょう (jō)←でう (deu, historical)
- Kun: ゆまり (yumari, 尿)、ゆばり (yubari, 尿)、よばり (yobari)、いばり (ibari, 尿)、ばり (bari, 尿)、し (shi)、しし (shishi)、しい (shī)、しと (shito)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
ゆまり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 湯 (yu, “warm water”) + 放り (mari, “excretion”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 放る (maru, “to excrete”).[1][2][3]
First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
ゆばり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/jumari/ → /jubari/
From 尿 (yumari). Bilabial nasal /m/ loses nasality, becoming /b/. Likely due to lexicalization of the term, and a loss of awareness of the origins of the mari portion.[1]
First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of roughly 934 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 934] urine
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
いばり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/jumari/ → /jubari/ → */jʉbari/ → /ibari/
Appears in a text from roughly 950 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 950] urine
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
ばり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Shortening of yubari[1][2][3] or ibari.[1][2][5]
First cited to the early 1300s.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from early 1300s] urine
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
しと Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Unknown. Possibly onomatopoeia.
First cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
しし Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From baby talk, as a reduplication of the initial shi- in shito.[1][2][3]
First cited to a text from the late Muromachi period (late 1500s).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
しい Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/ɕito/ → /ɕi/ → /ɕiː/
From baby talk.[1][2][3] From shito, formed by dropping the second syllable and lengthening the vowel.[1][2]
/ɕiɕi/ → /ɕiːɕiː/ → /ɕiː/
Alternatively, from shishi, formed by lengthening the vowel and dropping the second syllable.[2]
First cited to a text from the late 1700s.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 8
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尿 |
にょう Grade: S |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
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溺 |
/neu/ → /njoː/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH, “urine”).
First cited to a text from 1275.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 1275] urine
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뇨〯 (nyǒ) (Yale: nyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]尿 (eumhun 오줌 뇨 (ojum nyo), word-initial (South Korea) 오줌 요 (ojum yo))
Compounds
[edit]- 노상 방뇨 (路上放尿, nosang bangnyo)
- 당뇨 (糖尿, dangnyo, “(disease) glycosuria”)
- 비뇨기과 (泌尿器科, binyogigwa, “urology”)
- 요도 (尿道, yodo, “(anatomy) urethra”)
- 요로 (尿路, yoro, “(anatomy) urinary tract”)
- 요석 (尿石, yoseok, “(medicine) urolith”)
- 요실금 (尿失禁, yosilgeum)
- 요의 (尿意, youi, “desire to urinate”)
- 요혈 (尿血, yohyeol, “(medicine) hematuria”)
- 잔뇨 (殘尿, jannyo, “(medicine) residual urine”)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]尿: Hán Nôm readings: niếu, niệu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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