Carnivora

Carnivora ; Periode 51.88–0 jtyl PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Eosen Awal-Holosen
	Carnivora
	; Beragam hewan carnivora, feliform di kiri, dan caniform di kanan
Taksonomi
Kelas	Mammalia
Superordo	Laurasiatheria
Ordo	Carnivora ; Bowdich, 1821
Tata nama
Sinonim takson	list of synonyms: Caniformes (Zagorodniuk, 2008) ; Carnaria (Haeckel, 1866) ; Carnassidentia (Wortman, 1901) ; Carnivoramorphia (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992) ; Carnivores (Cuvier, 1817) ; Carnivori (Vieq d'Azyr, 1792) ; Carnivorida (Pearse, 1936) ; Carnivoriformes (Kinman, 1994) ; Carnivoripedida (Vyalov, 1966) ; Cynofeliformia (Ginsburg, 1982) ; Cynofeloidea (Hough, 1953) ; Cynosia (Rafinesque, 1815) ; Digitigrada (Illiger, 1811) ; Digitigradae (Gray, 1821) ; Eucarnivora (Mekayev, 2002) ; Ferae (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Fissipeda (Blumenbach, 1791) ; Neocarnivora (Radinsky, 1977) ; Plantigrada (Illiger, 1811) ;
Subordo
	Caniformia; Feliformia;
	; Sebaran dan kepadatan spesies-spesies Carnivora yang masih hidup

Ordo Carnivora IPA: [kɑː(r)ˈnɪvɔːˌrə] (dari bahasa Latin carō (stem carn-) 'daging', + vorāre 'mencabik') adalah ordo mamalia berplasenta^[22] yang telah terspesialisasi untuk sebagian besar memakan daging. Ordo carnivora menjadi ordo mamalia terbesar kelima, terdiri dari setidaknya 279 spesies yang dapat ditemukan pada semua massa daratan utama di Bumi dan pada beragam jenis habitat, mulai dari wilayah kutub yang dingin, daerah Gurun Sahara yang sangat gersang, sampai ke samudra lepas. Angota ordo ini memiliki rancangan tubuh yang sangat beragam, baik dalam ukuran maupun bentuk.

Carnivora dibagi menjadi dua subordo, yaitu Feliformia, yang mencakup felid sejati dan beberapa hewan "mirip kucing"; dan Caniformia, yang mencakup canid sejati dan banyak hewan "mirip anjing". Feliformia mencakup famili Felidae, Viverridae, hyena dan garangan, kebanyakan darinya hidup di Dunia Lama; kucing adalah pengecualian dari ini, hidup di Dunia Lama dan Dunia Baru berkat penyebrangan ke Amerika. Caniformia mencakup Caninae, Procyonidae, beruang, Mustelidae, sigung dan anjing laut, yang dapat ditemukan di seluruh dunia dengan keanekaragaman morfologis, diet dan perilaku yang sangat beragam.

Klasifikasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Ordo Carnivora
- Upaordo Feliformia ("mirip-kucing")
  - Famili †Stenoplesictidae
  - Famili †Percrocutidae
  - Famili †Nimravidae: Kucing bergigi pedang semu (5–36 Jtl)
  - Famili Ndaniniidae: luwak Afrika; 1 spesies dalam 1 genus
  - Superfamili Feloidea
    - Famili Prinonodontidae: Linsang Asia; 2 spesies dalam 1 genus
    - Famili †Barbourofelidae (6–18 Ma)
    - Famili Felidae: kucing dan macan; 40 spesies dalam 14 genera
  - Infraordo Viverroidea
    - Famili Viverridae: musang, binturung, genet,dan linsang ; 35 spesies dalam 15 genera
    - Superfamili Herpestoidea
      - Famili Hyaenidae: hyena dan Aardwolf; 4 spesies dalam 4 genera
      - Famili Eupleridae: musang Madagaskar; 8 spesies dalam 7 genera
      - Famili Herpestidae: garangan dan kerabatnya; 33 spesies dalam 14 genera
- Upaordo Caniformia ("mirip-anjing")
  - Famili †Amphicyonidae: anjing-beruang (9–37 Ma)
  - Famili Canidae: anjing dan kerabatnya; 37 spesies dalam 10 genera
  - Infraordo Arctoidea
    - Superfamili Ursoidea
      - Famili †Hemicyonidae: (2-22 Ma)
      - Famili Ursidae: beruang; 8 spesies dalam 5 genera
    - Superfamili Musteloidea
      - Famili Ailuridae: panda merah; 1 spesies dalam 1 genus.
      - Famili Mephitidae: sigung dan telegu; 10 spesies dalam 4 genera
      - Famili Mustelidae: cerpelai, marten, biul slentek, wolverin, mink, ferret, dan berang-berang; 55 spesies dalam 24 genera
      - Famili Procyonidae: rakun dan kerabatnya; 19 spesies dalam 6 genera
    - Superfamili Pinnipedia
      - Famili †Enaliarctidae: (23–20 Ma?)
      - Famili Odobenidae: walrus; 1 spesies dalam 1 genus
      - Famili Otariidae: singa laut, anjing laut bertelinga, anjing laut bulu; 14 spesies dalam 7 genera
      - Famili Phocidae: anjing laut; 19 spesies dalam 9 genera

Pohon filogenetik[sunting | sunting sumber]

Carnivora

Feliformia

Nimravidae†

	Stenoplesictidae†

	Percrocutidae†

Nandiniidae

Prionodontidae

	Barbourofelidae†

	Felidae

Viverridae

Hyaenidae

	Herpestidae

	Eupleridae

Caniformia

Amphicyonidae†

Canidae

Arctoidea

	Hemicyonidae†

	Ursidae

Pinnipedia

Enaliarctidae†

Phocidae

	Otariidae

	Odobenidae

Musteloidea

Ailuridae

Mephitidae

	Procyonidae

	Mustelidae

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Karnivor - untuk hewan pemakan daging secara umum

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Foley, N. M.; Mason, V. C.; Harris, A. J.; Bredemeyer, K. R.; Damas, J.; Lewin, H. A.; Eizirik, E.; Gatesy, J.; Karlsson, E. K.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Zoonomia Consortium; Springer, M. S.; Murphy, W. J. (2023). "A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution". Science. 380 (6643). eabl8189. doi:10.1126/science.abl8189. PMC 10233747  Periksa nilai |pmc= (bantuan). PMID 37104581 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan).
^ Zagorodniuk, I. (2008) "Scientific names of mammal orders: from descriptive to uniform" Visnyk of Lviv University, Biology series, Is. 48. P. 33-43
^ Zagorodniuk, I. (2014) "Changes In Taxonomic Diversity Of Ukrainian Mammals For The Last Three Centuries: Extinct, Phantom And Alien Species" Proceedings of the Theriological School, Vol. 12: 3–16
^ Haeckel, Ernst (1866.) "Generelle Morphologie der Organismen." Berlin: Georg Reimer.
^ J. L. Wortman (1901.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206
^ Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei [The system of mammals and historical zoogeography]." Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.
^ Georges Cuvier, Pierre André Latreille (1817.) "Le Règne Animal Distribué d'après son Organisation, pour Servir de Base à l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d'Introduction à l'Anatomie Comparée" Déterville libraire, Imprimerie de A. Belin, Paris, 4 Volumes
^ Félix Vicq-Dazyr (1792.) "Encyclopédie Méthodique, Vol. 2: Système Anatomique, Quadrupèdes" Panckoucke
^ Arthur Sperry Pearse, (1936) "Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders, prepared for section F, American Association for the Advancement of Science" American Association for the Advancement of Science
^ G. G. Simpson (1952) "For and Against Uniform Endings in Zoological Nomenclature" in "Systematic Zoology Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring, 1952)", pp. 20-23, Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
^ Kenneth E. Kinman (1994.) "The Kinman System: Toward a Stable Cladisto-Eclectic Classification of Organisms: Living and Extinct, 48 Phyla, 269 Classes, 1,719 Orders", Hays, Kan. (P. O. Box 1377, Hays 67601), 88 pages
^ O. S. Vyalov (1966.) "Sledy Zhiznedeyatel'nosti Organizmov i ikh Paleontologicheskoye Znacheniye [Traces of Vital Activity of Organisms and their Paleontological Significance]" Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 1-219
^ Hough, J. R. (1953.) "Auditory region in North American fossil Felidae: Its significance in phylogeny." United States Geological SurveyProfessional Papers, 243-G,95–115.
^ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1815). "Analyse de la Nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés". 1815. Palermo, Aux dépens de l'auteur, 223 pp.
^ Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1811.) "Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium." Berlin: Sumptibus C. Salfeld, xviii, 301 pages
^ Gray, J. E. (1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals". London Medical Repository. 15 (1): 296–310.
^ Mekayev, Y. A. (2002.) "The faunagenesis and classification of mammals." Petrov’s Academy of Sciences and Arts, St. Petersburg, 1–895.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Linnaeus1758
^ Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1791.) "Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Vierte auflage." Göttingen, Johann Christian Dieterich, xii+704+[33] pp., 3 pls.
^ Leonard Radinsky (1977.) "Brains of early carnivores." Paleobiology, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 333 - 349
^ Bowditch, T. E. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of Mammalia for the use of students and travelers J. Smith Paris. 115. (refer pages 24, 33)
^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Informasi terkait dengan Carnivora dari Wikispecies.
(Inggris) Flynn et al: Molecular Phylogeny of Carnivora Diarsipkan 2007-06-30 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Wesley-Hunt: Phylogeny of the Carnivores^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

Artikel bertopik biologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Foley-Mason2023-1] Foley, N. M.; Mason, V. C.; Harris, A. J.; Bredemeyer, K. R.; Damas, J.; Lewin, H. A.; Eizirik, E.; Gatesy, J.; Karlsson, E. K.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Zoonomia Consortium; Springer, M. S.; Murphy, W. J. (2023). "A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution". Science. 380 (6643). eabl8189. doi:10.1126/science.abl8189. PMC 10233747  Periksa nilai |pmc= (bantuan). PMID 37104581 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan).

[2] Zagorodniuk, I. (2008) "Scientific names of mammal orders: from descriptive to uniform" Visnyk of Lviv University, Biology series, Is. 48. P. 33-43

[3] Zagorodniuk, I. (2014) "Changes In Taxonomic Diversity Of Ukrainian Mammals For The Last Three Centuries: Extinct, Phantom And Alien Species" Proceedings of the Theriological School, Vol. 12: 3–16

[4] Haeckel, Ernst (1866.) "Generelle Morphologie der Organismen." Berlin: Georg Reimer.

[5] J. L. Wortman (1901.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206

[6] Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei [The system of mammals and historical zoogeography]." Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.

[7] Georges Cuvier, Pierre André Latreille (1817.) "Le Règne Animal Distribué d'après son Organisation, pour Servir de Base à l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d'Introduction à l'Anatomie Comparée" Déterville libraire, Imprimerie de A. Belin, Paris, 4 Volumes

[8] Félix Vicq-Dazyr (1792.) "Encyclopédie Méthodique, Vol. 2: Système Anatomique, Quadrupèdes" Panckoucke

[9] Arthur Sperry Pearse, (1936) "Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders, prepared for section F, American Association for the Advancement of Science" American Association for the Advancement of Science

[10] G. G. Simpson (1952) "For and Against Uniform Endings in Zoological Nomenclature" in "Systematic Zoology Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring, 1952)", pp. 20-23, Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

[11] Kenneth E. Kinman (1994.) "The Kinman System: Toward a Stable Cladisto-Eclectic Classification of Organisms: Living and Extinct, 48 Phyla, 269 Classes, 1,719 Orders", Hays, Kan. (P. O. Box 1377, Hays 67601), 88 pages

[12] O. S. Vyalov (1966.) "Sledy Zhiznedeyatel'nosti Organizmov i ikh Paleontologicheskoye Znacheniye [Traces of Vital Activity of Organisms and their Paleontological Significance]" Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 1-219

[13] Hough, J. R. (1953.) "Auditory region in North American fossil Felidae: Its significance in phylogeny." United States Geological SurveyProfessional Papers, 243-G,95–115.

[Rafinesque1815-14] Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1815). "Analyse de la Nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés". 1815. Palermo, Aux dépens de l'auteur, 223 pp.

[15] Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1811.) "Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium." Berlin: Sumptibus C. Salfeld, xviii, 301 pages

[Gray1821-16] Gray, J. E. (1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals". London Medical Repository. 15 (1): 296–310.

[17] Mekayev, Y. A. (2002.) "The faunagenesis and classification of mammals." Petrov’s Academy of Sciences and Arts, St. Petersburg, 1–895.

[Linnaeus1758-18] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Linnaeus1758

[19] Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1791.) "Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Vierte auflage." Göttingen, Johann Christian Dieterich, xii+704+[33] pp., 3 pls.

[20] Leonard Radinsky (1977.) "Brains of early carnivores." Paleobiology, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 333 - 349

[Bowditch,_T._E_1821._pages_24,_33-21] Bowditch, T. E. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of Mammalia for the use of students and travelers J. Smith Paris. 115. (refer pages 24, 33)

[22] Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company.

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