2 results
Cultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults
- William E. Copeland, Masha Y. Ivanova, Thomas M. Achenbach, Lori V. Turner, Guangyu Tong, Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj, Alma Au, Monica Bellina, J. Carlos Caldas, Yi-Chuen Chen, Ladislav Csemy, Marina M. da Rocha, Anca Dobrean, Lourdes Ezpeleta, Yasuko Funabiki, Valerie S. Harder, Felipe Lecannelier, Marie Leiner de la Cabada, Patrick Leung, Jianghong Liu, Safia Mahr, Sergey Malykh, Jasminka Markovic, David M. Ndetei, Kyung Ja Oh, Jean-Michel Petot, Geylan Riad, Direnc Sakarya, Virginia C. Samaniego, Sandra Sebre, Mimoza Shahini, Edwiges Silvares, Roma Simulioniene, Elvisa Sokoli, Joel B. Talcott, Natalia Vazquez, Tomasz Wolanczyk, Ewa Zasepa
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 16 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 May 2023, pp. 7581-7590
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Background
It is unknown how much variation in adult mental health problems is associated with differences between societal/cultural groups, over and above differences between individuals.
MethodsTo test these relative contributions, a consortium of indigenous researchers collected Adult Self-Report (ASR) ratings from 16 906 18- to 59-year-olds in 28 societies that represented seven culture clusters identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study (e.g. Confucian, Anglo). The ASR is scored on 17 problem scales, plus a personal strengths scale. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. Multi-level analyses of covariance tested age and gender effects.
ResultsAcross the 17 problem scales, the variance accounted for by individual differences ranged from 80.3% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems to 95.2% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality (mean = 90.7%); by society: 3.2% for DSM-oriented somatic problems to 8.0% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 6.3%); and by culture cluster: 0.0% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality to 11.6% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 3.0%). For strengths, individual differences accounted for 80.8% of variance, societal differences 10.5%, and cultural differences 8.7%. Age and gender had very small effects.
ConclusionsOverall, adults' self-ratings of mental health problems and strengths were associated much more with individual differences than societal/cultural differences, although this varied across scales. These findings support cross-cultural use of standardized measures to assess mental health problems, but urge caution in assessment of personal strengths.
Older adult psychopathology: international comparisons of self-reports, collateral reports, and cross-informant agreement
- L.A. Rescorla, M.Y. Ivanova, T.M. Achenbach, Vera Almeida, Meltem Anafarta-Sendag, Ieva Bite, J. Carlos Caldas, John William Capps, Yi-Chuen Chen, Paola Colombo, Margareth da Silva Oliveira, Anca Dobrean, Nese Erol, Alessandra Frigerio, Yasuko Funabiki, Reda Gedutienė, Halldór S. Guðmundsson, Min Quan Heo, Young Ah Kim, Tih-Shih Lee, Manuela Leite, Jianghong Liu, Jasminka Markovic, Monika Misiec, Marcus Müller, Kyung Ja Oh, Verónica Portillo-Reyes, Wolfgang Retz, Sandra B. Sebre, Shupeng Shi, Sigurveig H. Sigurðardóttir, Roma Šimulionienė, Elvisa Sokoli, Dragana Milijasevic, Ewa Zasępa
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 34 / Issue 5 / May 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 September 2020, pp. 467-478
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Objectives:
To conduct international comparisons of self-reports, collateral reports, and cross-informant agreement regarding older adult psychopathology.
Participants:We compared self-ratings of problems (e.g. I cry a lot) and personal strengths (e.g. I like to help others) for 10,686 adults aged 60–102 years from 19 societies and collateral ratings for 7,065 of these adults from 12 societies.
Measurements:Data were obtained via the Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) and the Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL; Achenbach et al., 2004).
Results:Cronbach’s alphas were .76 (OASR) and .80 (OABCL) averaged across societies. Across societies, 27 of the 30 problem items with the highest mean ratings and 28 of the 30 items with the lowest mean ratings were the same on the OASR and the OABCL. Q correlations between the means of the 0–1–2 ratings for the 113 problem items averaged across all pairs of societies yielded means of .77 (OASR) and .78 (OABCL). For the OASR and OABCL, respectively, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) yielded effect sizes (ESs) for society of 15% and 18% for Total Problems and 42% and 31% for Personal Strengths, respectively. For 5,584 cross-informant dyads in 12 societies, cross-informant correlations averaged across societies were .68 for Total Problems and .58 for Personal Strengths. Mixed-model ANOVAs yielded large effects for society on both Total Problems (ES = 17%) and Personal Strengths (ES = 36%).
Conclusions:The OASR and OABCL are efficient, low-cost, easily administered mental health assessments that can be used internationally to screen for many problems and strengths.