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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0746.v1

Genomic Detection of the Emerging, Highly Pathogenic HIV-1 Subtype D in Bahia, Northeast Brazil

Filipe Ferreira de Almeida Rego, Laise de Moraes, Marta Giovannetti, José Adriano Góes Silva, Felipe Guimarães Torres, Marcio de Oliveira Silva, Maria da Purificação Pereira Da Silva, Johan Van Weyenbergh, Luciane Amorim Santos, Ricardo Khouri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 subtype D; Phylodynamics; Genomic surveillance

Online: 12 June 2023 (03:33:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2163.v1

K103N, V106M and Y188L Significantly Reduce HIV-1 Subtype C Phenotypic Susceptibility to Doravirine

Nikita Reddy, Maria Papathanasopoulos, Kim Steegen, Adriaan Erasmus Basson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: HIV; NNRTI; doravirine; phenotypic; resistance; subtype C

Online: 30 August 2024 (10:48:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0575.v1

Sequence Length of HIV-1 Subtype B Increases Over Time: Analyzing a Cohort of Patients with Hemophilia Over 30 Years

Young-Keol Cho, Jung-eun Kim, Brian Foley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: full-length coding region sequence; HIV-1; Korean subclade B; sequence length; hemophilia; evolution

Online: 25 February 2021 (10:31:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0217.v1

Sequence Length of HIV-1 Subtype B Increases Over Time: Analysis of a Cohort of Patients With Hemophilia Over 30 Years

Young-Keol Cho, Jung-Eun Kim, Brian Foley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: full-length coding region sequence; HIV-1; Korean subclade B; sequence length; hemophilia; evolution

Online: 7 April 2021 (17:26:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0775.v1

Kinetic Studies on the Interaction of HIV-1 Gag Protein with the HIV-1 RNA Packaging Signal

Constance Rink, Tomas Kroupa, Siddhartha A.K. Datta, Alan Rein

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1; packaging signal; Psi; protein-RNA interactions; binding kinetics

Online: 12 August 2024 (10:45:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0684.v1

Inflammatory Prostatitis plus IBS-D Subtype and Correlation with the Immunomodulating Agent Imbalance in Seminal Plasma: Novel Combined Treatment

Roberto Castiglione, Gaetano Bertino, Beatrice Ornella Vicari, Agostino Rizzotto, Giuseppe Sidoti, Placido D'Agati, Michele Salemi, Giulia Malaguarnera, Enzo Vicari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: irritable bowel syndrome; inflammatory prostatitis; IBS-severity scoring system; rifaximin; probiotic VSL#3; interleukins; seminal plasma

Online: 9 August 2024 (17:00:49 CEST)

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We recently demonstrated the effectiveness of long-term treatment with rifaximin and the probiotic VSL#3 at improving urogenital and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with both chronic inflammatory prostatitis (IIIa prostatitis) and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), relative to patients with IBS-D alone. Because low-grade inflammation of the intestine and prostate may be one of the reasons for co-developing both IIIa prostatitis and IBS-D, we designed the present study to once again evaluate the efficacy of combined rifaximin and VSL#3 treatment in patients affected by IIIa prostatitis plus IBS-D, but we also measured seminal plasma pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines before and after treatment. We consecutively enrolled 124 patients with IIIa prostatitis and IBS-D (diagnosed using the Rome III criteria). Patients were randomized into two groups: group A (n=64) was treated with rifaximin (seven days per month for three months) followed by VSL#3, and group B (n=60) was treated with a placebo. At the beginning of the study and after three months of treatment, all patients completed NIH-CPSI and IBS-SSS questionnaires to score the severity of their urogenital and gastrointestinal symptoms, and we measured seminal plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 using ELISA. We defined patients who improved following the treatment as those with a ≥6-point reduction in their NIH-CPSI score or ≥50-point reduction in their IBS-SSS score. By the end of the intervention, 68.7% and 62.5% of patients from group A reported improved NIH-CPSI and IBS-SSS scores, respectively, compared to only 3.3% and 5% of the placebo group. Group A patients also had significantly lower mean seminal plasma levels of IL-6 (11.3 vs 32.4 pg/mL) and significantly higher mean levels of IL-10 (7.9 vs 4.4 pg/mL) relative to baseline, whereas levels of IL-6 and Il-10 did not change in the placebo group. The co-occurrence of two clinical phenotypes (IBS-D plus IIIa prostatitis) result in increased intestinal inflammation and altered immune activation, both of which can be balanced by treatment with rifaximin and VSL#3.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0038.v1

Broadly Neutralizing Anti- HIV-1 Antibodies Do Not Inhibit HIV-1 Env-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion

Nejat Düzgüneş, Michael Yee, Deborah Chau

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Membrane fusion; gp120; gp41; bnAb; CD4; virus-cell fusion; syncytium formation

Online: 2 September 2021 (12:13:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1357.v1

A Review on FDA Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication

Belgin Sever, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita, Halilibrahim Ciftci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: HIV-1; AIDS; FDA; Combination antiretroviral therapy; latent reservoirs; apoptosis; drug resistance; anti-HIV-1 drug design and discovery

Online: 18 January 2024 (10:29:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0210.v1

HIV-1 Envelope Glycosylation and the Signal Peptide

Gregory S. Lambert, Chitra Upadhyay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1; HIV envelope; glycosylation; signal peptide; PNGs; broadly neutralizing antibodies; vaccine

Online: 8 February 2021 (13:09:28 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0158.v1

8-(2-Мethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1Hbenzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline

Maria H. Ivanova, Joana Zaharieva, Martin Tsvetkov, Vesela Lozanova, Bernd Morgenstern, Rumen Lyapchev

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: quinoline; benzimidazole; fluorescence; single crystal diffraction; Suzuki reaction

Online: 2 August 2024 (12:03:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1615.v2

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among HIV-1 Patients From Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Pedro Almeida, Carlos Rafael, Victor Pimentel, Ana Abecasis, Cruz Sebastião, Joana Morais

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV-1; Antiretroviral therapy; Treatment adherence; sub-Saharan Africa.

Online: 29 April 2024 (03:59:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0318.v1

Reversal of CSF HIV-1 Escape During Treatment of HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Botswana

Nametso Kelentse, Sikhulile Moyo, Kesaobaka Molebatsi, Olorato Morerinyane, Shatho Bitsang, Ontlametse T. Bareng, Kwana Lechiile, Tshepo B. Leeme, David S. Lawrence, Ishmael Kasvosve, Rosemary Musonda, Mosepele Mosepele, Thomas S. Harrison, Joseph N. Jarvis, Simani Gaseitsiwe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: HIV; cryptococcal meningitis; HIV-1 viral load; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape; Botswana

Online: 24 May 2022 (04:20:08 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0531.v1

Prediction of the Potential Role of Polydatin against HIV-1 Protease and HIV-2 Protease by SWISSDock Server

IVAN VITO FERRARI

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Polydatin; HIV; Docking method; Swiss Dock Server

Online: 8 November 2023 (09:58:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0565.v1

Targeting Tat-TAR RNA Interaction for HIV-1 Inhibition

Awadh Alanazi, Andrey Ivanov, Namita Kumari, Xionghao Lin, Songping Wang, Dmytro Kovalskyy, Sergei Nekhai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 transcription; HIV-1 Tat; TAR RNA; small molecule inhibitors

Online: 23 June 2021 (11:04:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1340.v1

Treatment Management Challenges in Naïve and Experienced HIV-1-Infected Individuals Carrying the M184V Mutation

Iordanis Mimtsoudis, Olga Tsachouridou, Karolina Akinosoglou, Symeon Metallidis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: HIV-1; drug resistance; M184V; mutation; naïve; treatment experienced

Online: 21 May 2024 (05:02:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0645.v1

Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases

Alex F. Tang, Gospel Enyindah-Asonye, Catarina E. Hioe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: immune complex; antibodies; Fab; Fc; HIV-1; vaccine; steric; allosteric

Online: 25 December 2020 (07:46:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1472.v6

General Quantum Gravity: A Pearl of Physics

Shashwata Vadurie

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: quantum gravity; (quantum) Einstein field equations; renormalization

Online: 23 September 2024 (14:16:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0290.v1

N-Terminal (1→3)-β-D-glucan Recognition Proteins from Insects Recognize the Difference in ultra-Structures of (1→3)-β-D-glucan

Yoshiyuki Adachi, Masaki Ishii, Takashi Kanno, Junko Tetsui, Ken-ichi Ishibashi, Daisuke Yamanaka, Noriko Miura, Naohito Ohno

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: β-D-glucan; glucan binding protein; host defense; innate immunity

Online: 24 May 2019 (08:56:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0032.v1

Discovery of Benzisothiazolone Derivatives as Bifunctional Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase DNA Polymerase and Ribonuclease H Activities

Alondra Vázquez Rivera, Heather Donald, Mounia Alaoui-El-Azher, John J. Skoko, John S. Lazo, Michael A. Parniak, Paul A. Johnston, Nicolas Sluis-Cremer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1; reverse transcriptase; polymerase; ribonuclease H; inhibitor; benzisothiazolone

Online: 3 June 2024 (07:56:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0383.v1

The Use of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bNAbs) in HIV-1 Treatment and Prevention

Jannifer Jasmin Thavarajah, Bo Langhoff Hønge, Christian Morberg Wejse

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV-1; broadly neutralizing antibodies; clinical trial; treatment; prevention, remission; cure strategy

Online: 7 May 2024 (11:52:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1442.v1

Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m6A Modification on HIV-1 Infection and Innate Immunity

Tarun Mishra, Stacia Phillips, Siyu Huang, Li Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Epitranscriptomic RNA modification; N6-methyladenosine; HIV-1; virus-host interactions; innate immunity

Online: 19 December 2023 (10:46:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0247.v1

Speech Emotion Recognition Using 1-D CLDNN with Data Augmentation

Shing-Tai Pan, Han-Jui Wu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Speech emotion recognition; one-dimensional neural network; LSTM; CNN; MFCCs

Online: 4 May 2023 (09:45:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1995.v1

Help or Hinder: Protein Host Factors That Impact HIV-1 Replication

Michael Rameen Moezpoor, Mario Stevenson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1); host factors; restriction factors; replication; infection; CD4+ T lymphocytes; myeloid cells; monocytes; macrophages

Online: 25 July 2024 (09:11:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0014.v1

Better Outcome of Females, Compared to Males with HIV-1 Infection

Shira Bezalel-Rosenberg, Keren Mahlab-Guri, Nadav Itai, Laliv Kadar, Shay Nemet, Ilan Asher, Ramon Cohen, Zev Moshe Sthoager, Hila Elinav, Daniel Elbirt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Gender; Women; Outcome

Online: 1 May 2024 (16:47:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0046.v1

Genetic Characterization of HIV-1 tat Gene from Virologically Controlled HIV-infected Older Patients on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy

Nathan Kummet, Neha Mishra, Adela Diaz, Nicholas Cusick, Stephen A. Klotz, Nafees Ahmad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV+ older patients; ART; tat sequences; genetic diversity; CTL epitopes

Online: 2 October 2023 (11:55:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0596.v1

Monitoring HIV-1 Assembly in Living Cells: Insight from Dynamic and Single Molecule Microscopy

Kaushik Inamdar, Charlotte Floderer, Cyril Favard, Delphine Muriaux

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 assembly, Gag, single molecule microscopy, dynamics

Online: 26 November 2018 (14:12:08 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0806.v1

Antiretroviral Promise: Amentoflavone and Nilotinib Strong Binding and Low Toxicity Against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

IVAN VITO FERRARI

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; pyrx program; docking approach; Pro-Tox-II; pkCSM

Online: 12 December 2023 (05:48:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0692.v1

Host-Targeted Antivirals Inhibit RACK1-mediated IRES Activities in HIV-1 Infection

Israa Malli, Namita Kumari, Larisa Dubrovsky, Andrey Ivanov, Michael Bukrinsky, Sergei Nekhai, Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy, Hemayet Ullah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: RACK1; HIV-1; IRES; Hepatitis C; HCV; AZT; HTA; Host-targeted antiviral; HEK293T; SD29-14

Online: 26 April 2021 (20:35:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0114.v1

HIV- 1: To Splice Or Not To Splice, That Is THE Question

Ronald Swanstrom, Ann Emery

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: HIV-1; HIV-1 splicing; HIV-1 oversplicing; HIV-1 latency

Online: 6 January 2021 (11:49:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0130.v1

Interaction Solutions for the Fractional KdVSKR Equations in (1+1)-Dimension and (2+1)-Dimension

Lihua Zhang, Zitong Zheng, Bo Shen, Gangwei Wang, Zhenli Wang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: Korteweg-de Vries Sawada-Kotera-Ramani (KdVSKR) equation; extended Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation; Sawada-Kotera (SK) equation; finite symmetry groups; Lie symmetry; exact solutions; consistent Riccati expansion (CRE); Hirota bilinear method; fractional derivatives

Online: 2 August 2024 (06:04:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0844.v1

Expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 Proteins Inhibits Infectivity of Progeny HIV-1 by Distinct Mechanisms

Smita Verma, Yen-Cheng Chen, Mariana Marin, Scott E. Gillespie, Gregory B. Melikyan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: IFITM; HIV-1 Env; dSTORM; envelope glycoprotein clustering

Online: 13 September 2023 (16:06:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0249.v1

Modulation in the Gene Expression Profile of Astrocytes and Monocytes by HIV-1 Nef Variants

Sushama Jadhav, Prajakta Makar, Vijay Nema

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: HIV Nef; neurotoxicity; inflammatory cytokines; kynurenine metabolite

Online: 21 February 2022 (10:00:10 CET)

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HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional protein with well-known lethal properties. HIV infects various cells from the brain compartment and expressed nef is responsible for developing neuropathogenic potential. HIV-infected glial cells express nefvirotoxinand stimulate the cascade of various pathways to activate uninfected cells to release neurotoxic elements damaging cells themselves. A lot of genetic variabilities of this protein have been reported from patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. To determine the neurotoxic potential of subtype-specific nef plasmids and nef plasmids of clinical samples with and without HAND were transfected in normal human astrocytes (NHA) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) using nef-pCMV-HA plasmid constructs. Supernatants from subtype-specific Nef plasmids indicated the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The induced expression might be due to the nef genetic variability or variations in the transfection efficiency and expression levels of nef.The mRNA expression of IL-6, IP-10, and TNF-α indicated upregulation of 5.0-fold in NHA and 3-fold in MDM with respect to empty vector control transfection. Further, the kynurenine metabolites were also assessed from culture supernatants of NHA and MDM indicating the upregulation of IDO and KYNU in NHA by 3.0-fold and 3.2-fold in MDM.The expression levels of nef and cytokines at the translational level were confirmed by western blotting and bio-plex Pro cytokine estimation assay respectively along with controls expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP).The oxidative stress was also found to be elevated as compared to control cells as determined by the estimation of nitric oxide from the culture supernatant to confirm the neurotoxic potential of HIV nef plasmids. The downregulation in the levels of cytokines, as well as kynurenine metabolites, was observed in culture supernatants after blocking the expression of nef using HIV nef siRNA. Phylogenetic analysis of Nef sequences indicated subtype C predominance except one sequence showing the partial sequence of HIV-1 subtype B sequence forming BC recombinantThe upregulation in the cytokine and pathway-specific metabolites might be linked with the neurotoxic potential of HIV-1 Nef leading to neuropathogenesis. In conclusion, the variation in the transfection efficiency, nef expression levels, and the genetic variability of Nef might be responsible for upregulating the expression levels of cytokines and kynurenine metabolites in astrocytes and MDM.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0058.v1

Cellular Targets of the HIV-1 Protease: Just the Tip of the Iceberg?

Matteo Centazzo, Lara Manganaro, Gualtiero Alvisi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 PR; host factors; host cell shut-off; protease; antiviral therapy; cell death; apoptosis

Online: 3 February 2023 (04:42:32 CET)

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The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) viral protease (PR) is one of the most studied viral enzymes, and approval of drugs targeting its catalytic activity opened the door to the develop-ment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Despite the fact that its crucial role in viri-on maturation is well characterized, an increasing body of research is starting to focus on its abil-ity to cleave host cell proteins, based on recent advances in proteomics and genomics technologies. Such findings are apparently in contrast with the dogma of HIV-1 PR activity being restricted to the interior of nascent virions, and suggest catalytic activity within the host cell environment. Given the limited amount of PR present in the virion at the time of infection, it is tempting to specu-late that such events mainly occur during viral late gene expression, mediated by newly synthe-sized Gag-Pol polyprotein precursors, rather than at a very early stage of infection, before pro-viral integration. Among cellular targets of HIV-1 PR, three major clusters can be identified: pro-teins involved in viral and cellular translation, those controlling cell survival, and restriction fac-tors responsible for innate/intrinsic antiviral responses. Indeed, by cleaving host cell translation initiation factors HIV-1 PR can impair cap-dependent translation, thus promoting IRES-mediated translation of late viral transcripts and viral production, while by targeting several apoptotic fac-tors it modulates cell survival, thus promoting immune evasion and viral dissemination. Addi-tionally, HIV-1 PR counteracts restriction factors incorporated in the virion that would otherwise interfere with nascent virus vitality. Thus, HIV-1 PR appears to modulate host cell function at dif-ferent times and locations during its life cycle, to ensure efficient viral persistency and propaga-tion. This kind of PR-mediated host cell modulation is found in a plethora of different viruses and HIV-1 is no exception, and although we are far from having a complete picture, it is clear that the PR has a multifaceted role in interfering with host machineries to better suit viral replication, and is a field that needs to be explored further.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0299.v1

Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of These Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion

Tracey L. Freeman, Talia H. Swartz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: fusion; purinergic; HIV-1; P2X1; P2X7

Online: 26 January 2020 (01:28:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0241.v1

Downregulation of miRNA-26a by HIV-1 Enhances CD59 Expression and Packaging Impacting Virus Susceptibility to Antibody-Dependent Complement-Mediated Lysis

Nicolas Bellini, Chengyu Ye, Oluwaseun Ajibola, Thomas T Murooka, Robert Lodge, Eric A Cohen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: CD59; HIV-1; complement- mediated lysis; miRNA-26a; innate immunity; viral evasion

Online: 5 June 2024 (12:35:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0262.v1

ACE-1 I/D Polymorphism Associated with COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality: An Ecological Study

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme; I/D polymorphism; ACE; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 mortality rate; testing intensity

Online: 16 April 2020 (08:04:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0525.v1

Exploring New Scaffolds for the Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 Rt Polymerase and Ribonuclease Associated Functions

Rita Meleddu, Angela Corona, Simona Distinto, Filippo Cottiglia, Serenella Deplano, Lisa Sequeira, Daniela Secci, Alessia Onali, Erica Sanna, Francesca Esposito, Italo Cirone, Francesco Ortuso, Stefano Alcaro, Enzo Tramontano, Peter Matyus, Elias Maccioni

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: HIV-RT; ribonuclease H; dual inhibitors; docking; putative binding

Online: 23 February 2021 (15:51:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0062.v1

Structural Comparison of Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes using Molecular Modelling and Docking Analyses of Integrase Inhibitors

Darren Isaacs, Sello Given Mikasi, Adetayo Emmanuel Obasa, George Mondinde Ikomey, Ruben Cloete, Graeme Brandon Jacobs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Integrase; HIV-1; Naturally occurring polymorphism; diversity; Molecular Modelling; Molecular Docking

Online: 5 February 2020 (11:02:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0649.v2

The Fine Thread between Stability and Randomness of the Non-stationary D/M/1 Queue’s GI/M/1 Pointwise of Stationary Fluid Flow Approximation Model with Application Ultra-Low Latency of Autonomous Driving Service

Ismail A Mageed, Amina Becheroul

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: State variable; mean arrival rate; time; time dependent root parameter; PSFFA; ultra-low latency; autonomous driving service

Online: 16 May 2024 (11:55:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1606.v1

Dietary Vitamin D Intake in Premenopausal Moroccan Women: Food Sources, Socio-Demographic Determinants and Correlation with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels

Noura Zouine, Ilham Lhilali, Lode Godderis, Adil El Midaoui, Samir El Jaafari, Younes Zegzouti Filali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: dietary intake; food sources; food fortification; sociodemographic; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; sun exposure; BMI; premenopausal women

Online: 20 September 2024 (09:32:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0028.v1

Phase I Trial of ^99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose for Imaging of Lymphomas

Vladimir Chernov, Ekaterina Dudnikova, Roman Zelchan, Anna Medvedeva, Anstasiya Rybina, Olga Bragina, Viktor Goldberg, Albina Muravleva, Jens Sörensen, Vladimir Tolmachev

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose; single-photon emission computed tomography; Lymphoma; Hodgkin's lymphoma; non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

Online: 5 May 2022 (09:24:01 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0696.v1

Investigating the Inhibitory Potential of Amentoflavone against HIV-1 Protease: A Molecular Docking Study

Ivan Vito Ferrari

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: HIV-1 protease 2; SWISS DOCK Server; Roussarcoma virus protease; Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Online: 13 February 2024 (08:13:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2016.v1

Bioinformatics Insights on Viral Gene Expression Transactivation: From HIV-1 to SARS-CoV-2

Roberto Patarca, William A. Haseltine

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: transactivation; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; TAR; Tat; nucleocapsid; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HEMIX; pan-coronaviral target; long COVID

Online: 29 January 2024 (13:08:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0045.v1

Cell Culture Evaluation Suggests Widely Available HIV Drugs Will Make Effective HTLV-1 Prophylactics

Mphatso D. Kalemera, Goedele N. Maertens

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: HTLV-1; integrase; INSTI; dolutegravir; reverse transcriptase; TAF; capsid; lenacapavir; vertical transmission; PrEP

Online: 1 November 2023 (09:21:13 CET)

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With an estimated 10 million people infected, the deltaretrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the second most prevalent pathogenic retrovirus in humans after HIV-1. Like HIV-1, HTLV-1 overwhelmingly persists in a host via a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells. Although most patients are asymptomatic, HTLV-1-associated pathologies are often debilitating and include childhood infective dermatitis and adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which presents in mature adulthood and is associated with poor prognosis with short overall survival despite treatment. Curiously, the strongest indicator for the development of ATLL is the acquisition of HTLV-1 through breastfeeding. There are no therapeutic or preventative regimens for HTLV-1. However, antiretrovirals (ARVs), which target the essential retrovirus enzymes, have been developed for and transformed HIV therapy. Since the architectures of retroviral enzyme active sites are highly conserved, some HIV-specific compounds may be active against HTLV-1. Here, we expand on our work showing that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and some nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block HTLV-1 transmission in cell culture. Specifically, we find that dolutegravir, the INSTI currently recommended as the basis of all new combination antiretroviral therapy prescriptions, and the latest prodrug formulation of the NRTI tenofovir, tenofovir alafenamide, also potently inhibit HTLV-1 infection in cell culture. Our results, if replicated in a clinical setting, could see transmission rates of HTLV-1 and future caseloads of HTLV-1-associated pathologies like ATLL dramatically cut via the simple redistribution of already widely available HIV pills to HTLV-1 endemic areas. Considering our findings with the old medical saying ‘it’s better to prevent than cure’, we highly recommend the inclusion of INSTIs and tenofovir prodrugs in upcoming HTLV-1 clinical trials as potential prophylactics.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0316.v1

Beyond Inhibition: A Novel Strategy of Targeting HIV-1 Protease to Eliminate Viral Reservoirs

Josh G Kim, Liang Shan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV; protease; CARD8; NNRTI; Inflammasome; Latent reservoir

Online: 24 May 2022 (03:54:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0125.v1

Towards the de Novo Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Based on Natural Products

Ana L. Chávez-Hernández, K. Eurídice Juárez-Mercado, Fernanda I. Saldívar-González, José L. Medina-Franco

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: artificial intelligence; de novo design; fragment-based drug discovery; HIV-1 inhibitors; pseudo natural products

Online: 8 November 2021 (09:23:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0512.v1

Evidence On Viral Suppression Supports Scaling-Up Transition To Dolutegravir-Based Regimens In Pediatric Populations In Cameroon: A Multicentre Baseline Assessment For The Cipher-Adola Study

Joseph FOKAM, Yagai Bouba, Rogers Awoh Ajeh, Dominik Tameza Guebiapsi, Suzane Essamba, Albert Franck Zeh Meka, Ebiama Lifanda, Rose Armelle Ada, Yakouba Liman, Nancy Barbara Mbengono, Audrey Raissa Dzaddi Djomo, Suzie Ndiang Tetang, Samuel Martin Sosso, Jocelyne Carmen Babodo, Olivia Francette Ndomo Ambomo, Edith Michele Temgoua, Caroline Medouane, Sabine Ndejo Atsinkou, Justin Leonel Mvogo, Roger Martin Onana, Jean de Dieu Anoubissi, Alice Ketchaji, Alex Durand Nka, Davy-Hyacinthe Anguechia Gouissi, Aude Christelle Ka’e, Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem, Rachel Simo Kamgaing, Désiré Augustin Komego Takou, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Marie Atsama Amougou, Julius Nwobegahay, Comfort Vuchas, Anna Nya Nsimen, Bertrand Bille Eyoum, Sandra kenmegne Gatchuessi, Francis Ndongo Ateba, Daniel Kesseng, Serge Clotaire Billong, Daniele Armenia, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Paul Ndombo Koki, Hadja Cherif Hamsatou, Vittorio Colizzi, Alexis Ndjolo, Carlo Federico Perno, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Virological suppression; low level viremia; children, adolescents, and young-adults; DTG-based regimen; elimination of paediatric AIDS; Cameroon.

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:31:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0120.v1

Amentoflavone and Nilotinib Show Strong Binding and Low Toxicity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: A Promising Antiretroviral Strategy

Ivan ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; Pyrx program; Docking approach; Pro-Tox-II; pkCSM

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:25:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0121.v1

Clinical Safety and Tolerability of A2NTX, a Novel Low Molecular Weight Neurotoxin Derived From Botulinum Toxin Subtype A2, in Comparison with Subtype A1 Toxins

Toshiaki Takeuchi, Tsuyoshi Okuno, Ai Miyashiro, Tomoko Kohda, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Yuishin Izumi, Shunji Kozaki, Ryuji Kaji

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: botulinum toxin; subtype A2; clinical tolerability; safety

Online: 7 October 2021 (15:02:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0784.v1

A Review of 3-D Printing Batteries

Maryam Mottaghi, Joshua M. Pearce

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: 3-D printing; Additive Manufacturing; Batteries; Electricity; Energy; Energy storage; Open source; Open source hardware

Online: 14 February 2024 (09:44:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0134.v1

DOLAVI Real-Life Study of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine in Naive HIV-1 Patients (48 Weeks)

Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Juan Pasquau, David Vinuesa, Sergio Ferra, Alberto Terron, Isabel SanJoaquin, Antoni Payeras, Onofre Juan Martinez, Miguel Ángel Lopez-Ruz, Mohamed Omar, Javier de la Torre-Lima, Ana Lopez-Lirola, Jesus Palomares, Jose Ramón Blanco, Marta Montero, Coral Garcia-Vallecillos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: DOLAVI; Dolutegravir; Lamivudine; Real World Data; HIV

Online: 9 February 2022 (10:45:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0432.v1

Selenium-Dependent Readthrough of the Conserved 3’-Terminal UGA Stop Codon of HIV-1 Nef

Lakmini Premadasa, Gabrielle Dailey, Jan Ruzicka, Ethan Taylor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: antisense; HIV-1 nef; stop codon readthrough; selenium; thioredoxin reductase

Online: 26 May 2020 (13:16:09 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Serial Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction of HIV-1 Gag MA-IP6 Microcrystals at Ambient Temperature

Halil I Ciftci, Raymond G Sierra, Chun Hong Yoon, Zhen Su, Hiroshi Tateishi, Ryoko Koga, Koiwai Kotaro, Fumiaki Yumoto, Toshiya Senda, Mengling Liang, Soichi Wakatsuki, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita, Hasan DeMirci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography; human immunodeficiency virus; matrix protein; inositol hexaphosphate; ambient temperature

Online: 25 March 2019 (11:56:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0318.v2

Altered Expression of Vitamin D Metabolism Genes and Circulating MicroRNAs in PBMCs of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Their Association with Vitamin D Status and Ongoing Islet Autoimmunity

Hakeemah Al-nakhle, Ihsan Mohsen, Bashir Elnaem, Abdullah Alharbi, Ibtisam Alnakhli, Shareefa Almoarfi, Jameela Fallatah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D; PBMCs; 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1); 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1); miRNA; Ongoing Islet Autoimmunity

Online: 9 October 2023 (09:28:37 CEST)

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Background: The immunomodulatory role of 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is exerted through its interaction with the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) present on pancreatic and immune cells. While a deficiency in Vitamin D has been linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the exact molecular mechanism driving this down-regulation in T1DM is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to decipher differences in the expression of genes associated with Vitamin D metabolism in T1DM patients and to ascertain if there is a correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and the expression of these genes. We also sought to understand the influence of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) on the expression of Vitamin D metabolism genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T1DM patients. Furthermore, the study delved into the potential implications of altered Vitamin D metabolism genes and miRNAs on autoimmune processes. Methods: Utilizing real-time PCR, we assessed the expression profiles of genes encoding for 1-hydroxylases (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylases (CYP24A1), as well as related miRNAs, in PBMCs from 30 T1DM patients and 23 healthy controls. ELISA tests facilitated the measurement of 1,25(OH)2D3, GAD65, and IA-2 levels. Results: Our findings showcased down-regulated CYP27B1 mRNA levels, while CYP24A1 expression remained stable compared to healthy subjects (CYP27B1, p = 0.0005; CYP24A1, p = 0.205, respectively). In T1DM patients, the levels of has-miR-216b-5p were found to be increased, while the levels of has-miR-21-5p were decreased in comparison to the control group. Notably, no correlation was identified between the expression of CYP27B1 in T1DM patients and the levels of has-miR-216b-5p, has-miR-21-5p, and 1,25(OH)2D3. A significant negative correlation was identified between CYP27B1 mRNA levels in PBMCs of T1DM and IA2, but not with GAD65. Conclusions: The study highlights there were reduced levels of both CYP27B1 mRNA and has-miR-21-5p, along with elevated levels of has-miR-216b-5p in the PBMCs of T1DM. However, the absence of a correlation between the expression of CYP27B1, levels of has-miR-216b-5p, and the status of 1,25(OH)2D3 suggests the possible existence of other regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the inverse relationship between IA2 autoantibodies and CYP27B1 expression in T1DM patients indicates a potential connection between this gene and the autoimmune processes inherent in T1DM.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0088.v1

Estimation of Iodine Leaching in Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Materials Using Hydrus 1-D Model

Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jawad Ali, Megersa Kebede Leta, Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Irshad, Zahid Hussain

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Iodine; leaching; HYDRUS 1D model; Simulation; Organic and inorganic amendments

Online: 6 September 2021 (12:07:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1133.v1

Effects of Acute Cannabidiol on Behavior and the Endocannabinoid System in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Female and Male Mice

Barkha J. Yadav-Samudrala, Benjamin L. Gorman, Karenna M. Barmada, Havilah P. Ravula, Caitlin J. Huguely, Diane Wallace, Michelle R. Peace, Justin L. Poklis, Wei Jiang, Sylvia Fitting

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cannabidiol; neuroHIV; Tat transgenic mice; antinociception; anxiety; 2-arachidonoylglycerol; arachidonic acid

Online: 18 October 2023 (08:12:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1103.v1

Novel Wild Type and Mutate HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Heteroaryl Carboxamides in P2: Synthesis, Biological and ADME Evaluations

Maria Francesca Armentano, Paolo Lupattelli, Faustino Bisaccia, Rosarita D’Orsi, Rocchina Miglionico, Ilaria Nigro, Alessandro Santarsiere, Federico Berti, Maria Funicello, Lucia Chiummiento

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: mutate HIV protease inhibitors; carboxamides; heteroarenes; mammalian cells essay; ADME

Online: 16 May 2023 (05:32:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0099.v1

The Determination of HIV-1 RT Mutation Rate, Its Possible Allosteric Effects, and Its Implications on Drug Resistance

Joshua Yi Yeo, Ghin Ray Goh, Chinh Tran-To Su, Samuel Ken-En Gan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: retroviruses; HIV-1; reverse transcriptase; mutation rate; drug resistance, allostery

Online: 7 February 2020 (11:50:11 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Relevant and Non-redundant Feature Selection for Cancer Classification and Subtype Detection

Pratip Rana, Phuc Thai, Thang Dinh, Preetam Ghosh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: feature subset selection; disease classification; subtype detection

Online: 14 June 2021 (10:30:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0482.v1

Standard Gibbs Energy of Binding of the gp120 Antigen of HIV-1 to the CD4 Receptor

Marko Popovic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Biothermodynamics of viruses; HIV-1; Binding constant; Gibbs energy of binding; Antigen-receptor binding

Online: 25 November 2022 (12:44:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0286.v1

Reviewing HIV-1 Gag Mutations in Protease Inhibitors Resistance: Insights for Possible Novel Gag Inhibitor Designs

Chinh Tran-To Su, Darius Wen-Shuo Koh, Samuel Ken-En Gan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 Gag; Gag inhibitors; Protease; Protease inhibitors; drug resistance mutations; drug design

Online: 25 July 2019 (10:05:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1848.v1

HPV, HBV, and HIV-1 Viral Integration Site Mapping: A Streamlined Workflow from NGS to Genomic Insights of Carcinogenesis

Jane Shen-Gunther, Acarizia Easley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: bioinformatics; HBV; HIV-1; HPV; hybrid capture NGS; insertional mutagenesis; next generation sequencing; oncovirus; virus taxonomy; virus database; viral mapping; virus integration

Online: 28 May 2024 (11:55:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0892.v1

Revisiting Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in Broiler Chickens and Turkeys in Morocco: First Molecular Characterization

Amine Mernizi, Abdeljelil Ghram, Hicham Fathi, Enrique Carceller Sebastiá, Juan-Luis Criado, Martina Dardi, Oumayma Arbani, Mohammed Bouslikhane, Mohammed Mouahid, Caterina Lupini, Elena Catelli, Siham Fellahi, Saadia Nassik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Avian Metapneumovirus; Subtype B; Morocco; characterization; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis

Online: 11 September 2024 (11:24:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0763.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

Simona Ruta, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Lilia Matei, Camelia Grancea, Adrian Marius Paun, Cristiana Oprea, Camelia Sultana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccination; cellular, humoral immune response; immunosuppression

Online: 13 May 2024 (11:11:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0370.v1

Cardiovascular Aging in HIV Infection: Analysis of Involved Genes

Fabiola Boccuto, Salvatore De Rosa, Pierangelo Veltri, Daniele Torella, Pietro Hiram Guzzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: HIV; aging; cardiovascular desease

Online: 6 June 2024 (11:34:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0032.v2

The Development of a 1-D Integrated Hydro-Mechanical Model Based on Flume Tests, to Unravel Different Hydrological Triggering Processes of Debris Flows

Theo W.J. van Asch, Bin Yu, Wei Hu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: triggering of debris flows; overland flow; infiltration; laboratory experiments; modelling; rain intensity-duration threshold curves

Online: 13 June 2018 (08:37:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0725.v1

HIV, HCV and HIV-HCV Coinfections in General Population versus Inmates from Romania

Camelia Sultana, Carmine Falanga, Grațiana Chicin, Laurențiu-Cristian Ion, Camelia Grancea, Daniela Chiriac, Adriana Iliescu, Andrea Gori

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: HIV; HCV; HIV-HCV coinfection; micro-elimination; inmates; IDUs; STDs; strong association

Online: 10 July 2024 (08:03:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1865.v1

Structural Analysis and Substrate Specificity of D-carbamoylase from Pseudomonas

Marina Paronyan, HAYKANUSH KOLOYAN, Hovsep Aganyants, ARTUR HAMBARDZUMYAN, TIGRAN SOGHOMONYAN, SONA AVETISYAN, SERGEI KOCHAROV, HENRY PANOSYAN, Vehary Sakanyan, ANICHKA HOVSEPYAN

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: D-carbamoylase; homology modeling; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; N-carbamoyl-D-alanine; N-carbamoyl-D-tryptophan; inclusion bodies; Pseudomonas

Online: 27 August 2024 (03:15:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1808.v1

HIV-1 Controllers Exhibit an Enhanced Antiretroviral Innate State Characterized by Overexpression of p21 and MCPIP1 and Silencing of Endogenous Retroviruses

Suwellen Sardinha Dias de Azevedo, Marcelo Ribeiro Alves, Fernanda Heloise Côrtes, Edson Delatorre, Brenda Hoagland, Larissa M. Villela, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdiléa Gonçalves Veloso, Mariza Gonçalves Morgado, Thiago Moreno Souza, Gonzalo Bello

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1; HERV-K; elite controllers; viremic controllers; restriction factors

Online: 27 September 2023 (05:09:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0445.v1

HIV Protein Nef Induces Cardiomyopathy through Induction of Bcl2 and p21

Olena Kondrachuck, Pierce Ciccone, Nicole Ford, Kim Hong, Yuka Kimura, Jorgo Zi, Sumaya Yusuf, Aya Alkousa, Nishit Tailor, Rithvik Rajakumar, Jay Rappaport, Manish Gupta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: HIV; Nef; autophagy; cardiomyopathy; Bcl2; Beclin-1; fibrosis; P21

Online: 5 September 2024 (11:00:30 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1084.v2

Gallbladder Burkitt’s Lymphoma: A Literature Review Including a Case Report in a Child Living with HIV

Nathalia Lopez Duarte, Ana Paula Silva Bueno, Bárbara Sarni Sanches, Gabriella Alves Ramos, Layanara Albino Batista, Thalita Fernandes de Abreu, Marcelo Gerardin Poirot Land, Cristiane Bedran Milito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Burkitt’ s lymphoma; gallbladder; malignant lymphoma; gallbladder cancer; HIV; pediatric; case report; Brazil

Online: 10 September 2024 (10:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0449.v1

Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia?

Lena Palaniyappan, Min Tae M. Park, Peter Jeon, Roberto Limongi, Kun Yang, Akira Sawa, Jean Théberge

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: glutathione; glutamate; psychosis; schizophrenia; redox; antioxidant; oxidative stress; myelin; spectroscopy

Online: 27 September 2021 (12:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0548.v2

Ismail’s Ratio Conquers New Horizons the Non-stationary M/D/1 Queue’s State Variable Closed Form Expression

Dr Ismail A Mageed

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Time Varying ; queueing system; number of customers; mean arrival rate; time; The Pointwise Stionary Fluid Flow Approximation(PSFFA); Time Varying queueing systems(TVQSs)

Online: 12 February 2024 (12:12:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2237.v1

Potent Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Sacran, a Megamolecular Polysaccharide from Cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum, as a Microbicide Candidate

Kouki Matsuda, Ryusho Kariya, Kenji Maeda, Seiji Okada

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: sacran; HIV-1; microbicide

Online: 30 July 2024 (08:57:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0246.v1

Regional Health Divides: Understanding Inequities in Late Diagnosis of HIV in Tajikistan

Kamiar Alaei, Brian Kwan, Hamid R. Torabzadeh, Adebimpe O. Akinwalere, Sattorov S. Saydamirovich, Gafur Mohsinzoda, Arash Alaei

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV detection; HIV testing; Tajikistan; Central Asia; regional disparities; rural areas; gender disparities; age; COVID-19; case study

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:51:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0366.v1

Smartphone-Based Color Evaluation of Passive Samplers for Gases: A Review

Kanokwan Kiwfo, Kate Grudpan, Andreas Held, Wolfgang Frenzel

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: Passive gas sampling; diffusive sampling; ambient air measurements; immission rate; smartphone-based color evaluation; RGB color space; colorimetric gas sensors

Online: 6 March 2024 (13:39:33 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1253.v1

Retinal Microvascular Alterations in a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes, Hemoglobin D Hemoglobinopathy and High Myopia – Case Report and Review of Literature

Alexandra Oltea Dan, Andrei Teodor Bălășoiu, Ileana Puiu, Andreea Cornelia Tanasie, Anca Elena Târtea, Veronica Sfredel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: OCT angiography, diabetes type 1, hemoglobin D, high myopia

Online: 17 August 2023 (05:31:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1939.v1

Upregulation of Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) at the Blood‐Brain Barrier by Valproic Acid, but Not of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) or CD98hc

Steinunn Sara Helgudottir, Kasper Bendix Johnsen, Lisa Greve Routhe, Charlotte LM Rasmussen, Maj Schneider Thomsen, Torben Moos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: blood‐brain barrier; capillary depletion; CD98hc; cell culture; glucose transporter 1; ICP‐MS; nanoparticle; transferrin receptor; valproic acid

Online: 29 April 2024 (16:53:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1760.v1

Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Enhance Gains in Muscle Strength and Lean Body Mass or Influence Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Vitamin D Insufficient Middle-aged Men Engaged in Resistance Training

Lauri Savolainen, Saima Timpmann, Martin Mooses, Evelin Mäestu, Luule Medijainen, Märt Lellsaar, Kristi Tiimann, Anneli Piir, Mihkel Zilmer, Eve Unt, Vahur Ööpik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: testosterone; cortisol; growth hormone; parathormone; insulin; HOMA-IR; cytokines

Online: 23 August 2024 (17:14:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0048.v1

Vitamin D and ω-3 Supplementations in Mediterranean Diet During the 1st Year of Overt Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study

Francesco Cadario, Erica Pozzi, Stefano Rizzollo, Marta Stracuzzi, Sheila Beux, Alberto Giorgis, Deborah Carrera, Fabiola Fullin, Sergio Riso, Angela Maria Rizzo, Gigliola Montorfano, Marco Bagnati, Umberto Dianzani, Philippe Caimmi, Gianni Bona, Camillo Ricordi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: cholecalciferol; omega3; EPA; DHA; arachidonic acid; AA/EPA ratio; type 1 diabetes; remission period; honeymoon period

Online: 3 July 2019 (08:10:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1318.v1

Multi-Teacher D-S Fusion for Semi-Supervised SAR Ship Detection

Xinzheng Zhang, Jinlin Li, Chao Li, Guojin Liu

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: synthetic aperture radar (SAR); ship detection; deep learning; semi-supervised learning

Online: 19 June 2024 (07:18:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1252.v1

Francesca Marchegiani, Roberta Galeazzi, Fausto Moroni, Stefania Appolloni, Antonio Cherubini, Fabio Salvi, Sara Cecchini, Enrico Paci, Andrea Evangelisti, Fabiola Olivieri, Jacopo Sabbatinelli, Antonio Domenico Procopio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: D‐dimer; pulmonary embolism; specificity; aging

Online: 20 May 2024 (12:09:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1052.v1

Targeting Androgen, Thyroid Hormone, and Vitamin A and D Receptors to Treat Prostate Cancer

Brigitte Hantusch, Lukas Kenner, Vesna S Stanulović, Maarten Hoogenkamp, Geoffrey Brown

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Prostate cancer; nuclear hormone receptors; androgen receptor; thyroid hormone receptor; retinoic acid receptor; vitamin D receptor

Online: 12 July 2024 (13:59:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0368.v1

Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint Protein 1 Facilitates V(D)J Recombination in Cells Lacking DNA Repair Factor XLF

Carole Beck, Sergio Castañeda-Zegarra, Camilla Huse, Mengtan Xing, Valentyn Oksenych

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: V(D)J recombination; vAbl cells; B lymphocytes; mouse genetics; genetic interaction

Online: 29 December 2019 (04:36:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0441.v1

Identification of a Clade-Specific HLA-C*03:02-Restricted Epitope GY9 Derived from the HIV-1 p17 Matrix Protein

Samuel Kyobe, Savannah Mwesigwa, Gyaviira Nkurunungi, Gaone Retshabile, Moses Egesa, Joel Kabali, Grace P Kisitu, Eric Katagirya, Marion Amujal, Misaki Wayengera, Fred Katabazi, Edgar Kigozi, Fahim Yiga, Busisiwe C Mlotshwa, Lesedi Williams, Hakim Sendagire, Sununguko Wata Mpoloka, Moses L Lutaakome Joloba, Dithan Kiragga, Graeme Mardon, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Neil A Hanchard, Jacqueline L Kyosiimire, David Robinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: HIV control; HLA-C*03:02; Immunoinformatics

Online: 8 October 2023 (09:46:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1747.v1

Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Drug-resistant Tuberculosis and HIV Co-infection Using a Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm

Mojisola Clara Hosu, Lindiwe Modest Faye, and Teke Apalata

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: DR-TB; DR-TB/HIV coinfection; treatment outcomes; machine learning; supervised learning algorithm

Online: 23 September 2024 (13:13:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0375.v1

The Pseudo-Symmetric N-benzyl Hydroxyethylamine Core in a New Series of Heteroarylcarboxyamide HIV-1 Pr Inhibitors: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation

Rosarita D'Orsi, Maria Funicello, Paolo Lupattelli, Federico Berti, Lucia Chiummiento

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: HIV-protease inhibitors; pseudo-symmetric core; heteroaryl carboxyamides; synthesis; biological screening; molecular modeling

Online: 22 September 2021 (10:44:16 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1446.v1

Flagellin Inhibits HIV Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines

Lina Zhou, Xu Wang, Shazheb Khan, Wen-Zhe Ho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: flagellin, TLR-5, macrophage, HIV, and CC chemokine

Online: 22 May 2024 (12:57:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0501.v1

IGF-1 and IGFBP-1, Possible Predictors of Response to Lifestyle Intervention – Results from Randomized Controlled Trials

Nina M.T. Meyer, Stefan Kabisch, Ulrike Dambeck, Caroline Honsek, Margrit Kemper, Christiana Gerbracht, Ayman M. Arafat, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Jürgen Machann, Martin A. Osterhoff, Martin O. Weickert, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: IGF-axis; lifestyle intervention; intervention response; prediabetes

Online: 8 May 2024 (12:45:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0290.v2

Optimal Design of I-PD and PI-D Industrial Controllers Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Olga Shiryayeva, Batyrbek Suleimenov, Yelena Kulakova

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: optimal design; I-PD controller; PI-D controller; artificial intelligence algorithm; artificial immune system; industrial applications; multivariable systems

Online: 2 July 2024 (14:49:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1114.v1

Live-Birth Incidence of Isolated D-Transposition of Great Arteries – the Shifted Trend Due to Early Diagnosis

Andreea Florentina Stancioi-Cismaru, Marina Dinu, Andreea Carp-Veliscu, Razvan Grigoras Capitanescu, Razvan Cosmin Pana, Ovidiu Costinel Sirbu, Florentina Tanase, Florentina Gratiela Dita, Maria Adelina Popa, Mihai Robert Robu, Mihaela Gheonea, Stefania Tudorache

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: transposition of great arteries; ultrasound; prenatal diagnosis; termination of pregnancy; live-birth incidence; counseling

Online: 17 April 2024 (07:54:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0570.v1

Cucurbitacin D from Elaeocarpus hainanensis Modulates ZNF217 in NPM-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Sabrina Adorisio, Alessandra Fierabracci, Ba Thi Cham, Hoang Dinh Vudinh, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Le Thi Hong Nhung, Emira Ayroldi, Silvia di giacomo, Trinh Thi Thuy, Domenico vittorio Delfino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Elaeocarpus hainanensis; cucurbitacin D; ZNF217; Nucleophosmin; acute myeloid leukemia

Online: 9 September 2024 (07:58:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1835.v1

Effect of the root parameter on the stability of the Non-stationary D/M/1 queue’s GI/M/1 model with PSFFA applications to the Internet of Things (IoT)

Dr Ismail A Mageed

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: State variable; mean arrival rate; time; time dependent root parameter; PSFFA; IoT

Online: 26 January 2024 (02:00:55 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1461.v1

Vitamin D Assay and Supplementation: Still Debatable Issues

MARIO PLEBANI, Martina Zaninotto, Sandro Giannini, Stefania Sella, Maria Fusaro, Giovanni Luigi Tripepi, Maurizio Gallieni, Markus Herrmann, Mario Cozzolino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Vitamin D; PTH; FGF23; Supplementation; Standardization; Decision limits

Online: 18 July 2024 (11:28:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0049.v1

Vitamin-D Deficiency Predicts Infections in Young North Indian Children: A Secondary Data Analysis

Ranadip Chowdhury, Sunita Taneja, Nita Bhandari, Bireshwar Sinha, Ravi Upadhyay, Maharaj Kishan Bhan, Tor A. Strand

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: vitamin-D deficiency; ALRI; Indian children

Online: 8 November 2016 (10:40:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0211.v2

HIV-1: Tackling the Obstacles that Limit the Effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing of the T Cell Co-receptor CCR5

Tatiana Hillman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: HIV-1; CRISPR-Cas9; T-cells; lipid nanoparticles; gut-associated-lymphoid tissue; Co-receptors; Probiotics; GI Tract,; Gene Editing

Online: 13 April 2020 (10:57:52 CEST)

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HIV-1 is a complicated and perplexing virus. It infects T cells, reverse transcribes its RNA into DNA, utilizes its host DNA machinery to replicate its HIV-DNA, translates the HIV-DNA into proteins, assembles itself for a budding escape from the T cell, and rapidly mutates its conformation. Partially, due to its complexity, there remains no cure for HIV or AIDs. However, recently with the discovery of TALENs, the use of zinc fingers, and most of all the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has given researchers new hope in finding alternative gene therapies and treatments for diseases. With more focus on CRISPR-Cas9, this new and novel technology uses a guiding RNA, sgRNA, to lead a Cas9 nuclease to its target for deletion or to change that DNA site. CRISPR-Cas9 can delete point mutations and multiple DNA sites. Because CRISPR can alter DNA sequences, several scientists have conducted research into CRISPR, possibly treating more diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and even HIV. HIV-1 drew the focus of a researcher named Dr. Ebina in 2013 when he was the first to design and apply CRISPR-Cas9 to genes found in the binding sites of HIV-1, inhibiting HIV-1 gene expression. Since 2013, several other researchers have blocked HIV replication and infection through CRISPR-Cas9 targeting the receptors of T cells called the CC chemokine receptor 5 or CCR5. HIV-1 binds to the CD4 receptor of T cells, which consists of co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. If CCR5 expression can be removed, the HIV virus cannot bind to T-cells, blocking the initial attachment stage, and discontinuing the infection. However, there remain obstacles and issues for the CRISPR deletion of CCR5 for treating HIV-1. The issues include: 1) finding new and safe methods of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, 2) clearing the latent HIV reservoirs, 3) improving the sgRNA design to avoid off-target mutations or deletions, and 4) effectively analyze the viral escape of HIV from CRISPR-Cas9 modifications. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss possible techniques for removing the obstacles that can lessen the potential of CRISPR to delete CCR5, repressing HIV-1 into long-term remission or a functional cure.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0024.v1

Characterization of HIV-1 near Full-Length Proviral Genome Quasispecies from Patients with Undetectable Viral Load Undergoing First-Line HAART Therapy

Brunna M. Alves, Juliana D. Siqueira, Marianne M. Garrido, Ornella M. Botelho, Isabel M. Prellwitz, Sayonara R. Ribeiro, Esmeralda A. Soares, Marcelo A. Soares

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1; quasispecies; minority resistance mutations; HAART; drug resistance; undetectable viral load

Online: 4 December 2017 (09:34:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1873.v1

Subtype Transdifferenziation in Human Cancer: The Power of Tissue Plasticity in Tumor Progression

Monica Fedele, Laura Cerchia, Sabrina Battista

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: luminal to basal-like transition; neuroendocrine differentiation; proneural to mesenchymal transition; tissue trans-differentiation; breast cancer; prostate cancer; glioblastoma; pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Online: 26 January 2024 (10:47:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0899.v1

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists in Neuropathic Pain Management

Ciprian Pușcașu, Cornel Chiriță, Simona Negreș, Nicoleta Mirela Blebea

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: neuropathic pain; NMDA receptor antagonist; ketamine; memantine; methadone

Online: 11 September 2024 (15:02:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1128.v1

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Decreases Erythrocyte Dysfunction Induced by Beta-Amyloid

Francesco Misiti, Pierluigi Diotaiuti, Giovanni Enrico Lombardo, Ester Tellone

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Sphingosine-1-phosphate; Band 3; erythrocyte; caspase-3; beta-amyloid; Alzheimer's disease

Online: 22 March 2024 (07:39:18 CET)

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