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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1238.v1

Diversity and Anti-infectious Components of Cultivable Rhizosphere Fungi Derived from Three Species of Astragalus Plants in Northwestern Yunnan, China

Guo-Jun Zhou, Wei-Jia Xiong, Wei Xu, Zheng-Rong Dou, Bo-Chao Liu, Xue-Li Li, Hao Du, Hai-Feng Li, Yong-Zeng Zhang, Bei Jiang, Kai-Ling Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Astragalus; rhizosphere fungi; species diversity; secondary metabolites；antibacterial activity; antimalarial activity; special eco-environment

Online: 16 August 2024 (11:59:09 CEST)

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Astragalus plants belong to the legume family and have obvious rhizosphere effect. The northwestern area of Yunnan China is the main distribution region of Astragalus plants with high application value, but low recognition and resource reserves. The aim of this research is to explore the species diversity of cultivable rhizosphere fungi derived from A. acaulis, A. forrestii, and A. ernestii growing in special high-cold environment of northwest Yunnan, and discover anti-infective components from these fungi. A total of 93 fungal strains belonging to 38 species in 18 genera were isolated and identified. Antibacterial and antimalarial screening yielded 10 target strains. Among them, the ethyl acetate crude extract of the fungus Aspergillus calidoustus AA12 from A. acaulis fermentation substance showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and the best antimalarial activity. Further chemical investigation led to the first discovery of seven compounds from the species of A. calidoustus, including a sesterterpine 6-epi-ophiobolin G (1), two sesquiterpenes penicisochroman A (2), pergillin (3) and 7-methyl-2-(1-methylethylethlidene)-furo[3,2-H]isoquinoline-3-one (4), and three polyketides trypacidin (5), 1,2-seco-trypacidin (6) and questin (7). Compound 1 exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against six Gram-positive pathogens with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 25 to 6.25 μg/mL, and prominent inhibitory effect on the biofilm of Streptococcus agalactiae at MIC value of 3.125 μg/mL. This compound also displayed potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 at the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.319 and 4.340 µmol/L at 72 h, respectively. This study contributed to our understanding of the cultivable rhizosphere fungi Astragalus-derived in special high-cold environment and further increased the library of fungi available for natural anti-infectious products screening.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0026.v1

Molecular Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Tissue Tropism of Bartonella Species in Small Mammals from Yunnan Province, China

Pei-Yu Han, Fen-Hui Xu, Jia-Wei Tian, Jun-Ying Zhao, Ze Yang, Wei Kong, Bo Wang, Li-Jun Guo, Yun-Zhi Zhang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Bartonella; small mammals; genetic diversity; evolution; tissue tropism

Online: 1 April 2024 (17:07:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0025.v1

Impact of Lower Screening TSH Cutoff Level on the Increasing Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Violeta Anastasovska, Mirjana Kocova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: congenital hypothyroidism; incidence; neonatal screening; thyroid-stimulating hormone; cutoff level

Online: 8 February 2017 (10:54:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1612.v3

Defining the Minimal Long-Term Follow-Up Data Elements for Newborn Screening

Yvonne Kellar-Guenther, Lauren Barringer, Katherine Raboin, Ginger Nichols, Kathy YF Chou, Kathy Nguyen, Amy R. Burke, Sandy Fawbush, Joyal B. Meyer, Morna Dorsey, Amy Brower, Kee Chan, Mei Lietsch, Jennifer Taylor, Michele Caggana, Marci K. Sontag

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: newborn screening; public health; equity; long-term follow-up data

Online: 24 April 2024 (03:49:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0387.v1

Acquisition of Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Japanese People with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in 2021

Koshiro Monzen, Takanori Watanabe, Toshihiro Okabe, Hisakuni Sekino, Hironori Nakagami, Ryuichi Morishita

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Convalescent serum; Neutralizing antibody

Online: 4 August 2023 (12:35:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0337.v1

Screening and Validation of Internal Reference Genes for Quan-Titative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Leaf Color Mutants in Den-Drobium Officinale

Hua Cao, Han Li, Lin Lu, Yulu Ji, Lulin Ma, Shenchong Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; leaf color; qRT-PCR; reference gene; leaf color mutant

Online: 5 May 2023 (09:34:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0030.v1

PCR-based Detection of Typhoidal Salmonella from Human Clinical Samples and Evaluation of Traditional PCR, Nested-PCR and Widal Test in Pune, India

Abas O. Hadi, Hussein Alburkat, Taisir Abdulelah Kadhim, Ammar M S Al-Helli, Mustafa Hamza Ghazi, Yasir Abdulameer N. Aldabbagh, Reem Numaan Talib, Sama Hussein Ali, Noor Hameed Imran, Ruaa Almohsen, Turki Muftin Saad, Pallavi Mandave

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: PCR; Salmonella Typhi; Widal Test; BHI

Online: 1 November 2022 (12:43:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0711.v1

Unlocking glioblastoma vulnerabilities with CRISPR-based genetic screening

Yitong Fang, Xing Li, Ruilin Tian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: glioblastoma; CRISPR-based genetic screening; therapy resistance; genetic determinants; therapeutic targets

Online: 10 April 2024 (08:14:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2198.v1

Topic Modeling for Faster Literature Screening Using Transformer-Based Embeddings

Carlo Galli, Claudio Cusano, Marco Meleti, Nikolaos Donos, Nikolaos Donos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: embedding; systematic reviews; topic modeling

Online: 26 July 2024 (14:26:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0996.v1

Identifying Robust Biomarker Panels for Breast Cancer Screening

Maria L. Vaida, Kamala Arumalla, Pavan Tatikonda, Bharadwaj Popuri, Rashid Bux, Paramjit S. Tappia, Guoyu Huang, Jean-François Haince, W. Randolph Ford

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; biomarkers; metabolomic profiling; early detection; screening

Online: 15 May 2024 (12:29:53 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0392.v1

In silico Comparative Genomics of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) and Designing of a Cost-effective RFLP-PCR Based Mass Screening Diagnostic Protocol

Aditya Singh, Prateek Bhatia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; diagnosis; comparative genomics

Online: 26 March 2020 (14:58:35 CET)

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SARS-CoV 2 also known as COVID-19 is a fast spreading coronavirus related disease that emerged from China in December 2019 and is currently attained the status of a pandemic. There are currently no drugs/ vaccines against the same and moreover limited diagnostic tests to identify the infection. Additionally, these tests are expensive and hence are exclusive for very highly suspected cases of the disease especially in developing countries. This is causing an under-diagnosis which is an alarming state of affairs, as even a single missed SARS-CoV 2 case would spread the disease exponentially and keep it in the community. Through this entirely in silico study, we have developed a cheaper and faster diagnostic method based on simple PCR and restriction enzyme digestion, commonly used in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) tests. Through comparative genomics, we found the closest neighbours of SARS-CoV 2 then found the highly conserved regions of the genome which were absent in SARS-CoV 1, its closest neighbour. Then we found restriction sites for various enzymes followed by designing of PCR primers flanking those sites. We have found the primer pair to produce a 401 bp amplicon and when digested by SwaI enzyme, it produces two fragments of lengths 216 bp and 185 bp. As an internal control, GAPDH primers are pooled with the SARS-CoV 2 primers as the patient sample will also include human RNA mixed with the viral RNA. This primer pair gives an amplicon of 131 bp and hence a negative sample should show a single band of 131 bp while a positive digested sample will give three bands of 401 bp, 216 bp and 131 bp. The primers are specific to SARS-CoV 2 only and can additionally be used for SYBR green based real time quantification of viral load. The developed tests have not yet been tested in vitro due to stressed out working hours in the only pathogenic virus handling laboratory in our institute. Nonetheless, this study works as a head start for other laboratories to rapidly test the suggested protocols in vitro and make available a cheaper alternative test for SARS-CoV 2 which would especially be beneficial for the lower to middle income countries.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0919.v1

Bacterial Thrombolytic Enzyme Synthesis and Screening from Several Egyptian Soil Conditions

Mohammed Kassab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: fibrinolytic; enzyme; thrombosis; screening; myocardial infarction

Online: 15 April 2024 (10:03:01 CEST)

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Thromboembolic conditions, such as stroke and myocardial infarction [MI], are the primary causes of mortality globally. High efficiency was demonstrated by fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from microbial sources in dissolving various blood clots. The study aimed to investigate and produce bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes from various Egyptian soil conditions using recombinant DNA technology. Fifty soil samples were examined to determine the production of fibrinolytic enzymes. The plasmin plate technique assessed the thrombolytic activities of the strong fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterial isolates. In addition to determining the molecular mass using a mass spectrometer and the western blot method, the activity and thermostability of the enzymes were characterized. An affinity chromatography approach was used to purify the fibrinolytic enzymes. However, bacterial recombinant DNA technology produced the pure bacterial fibrinolytic enzyme. Several dosage formulations for the formulation of fibrinolytic enzymes were tested. By using affinity chromatography and the SDS-PAGE test, the isolated bacterial fibrinolytic enzyme in this investigation was almost 83% pure. Bacillus cereus ATCC 4342 was identified as the predominant bacterial isolate secreting fibrinolytic enzymes. It was discovered that the fibrinolytic enzyme activity of fifty soil samples ranged from 0.167 U/ml to 1.853 U/ml. The extracellular enzyme extracted from Bacillus cereus culture supernatant demonstrated a relatively stable fibrinolytic activity over 18 hours at a pH range of 7.4–10, as well as stability with maximum productivity at 43℃ for over 60 minutes. In this investigation, the enzyme was referred to as Fibrin-proteinase[ FP]. The fibrin clots were directly thrombolyzed by the FP. The calculated values for the specific activity and molecular mass of the FP were approximately 40.71 units/mg of protein and approximately 30 KDa, respectively. It was observed that the presence of Fe+3 marginally boosted protease activity, but the presence of EDTA decreased it. On the other hand, adding monovalent cations like K+1 and Na+1 significantly increased the fibrinolytic activity of FP. The enzyme exhibited activity throughout the temperature range of 20 to 65℃, peaking at 55℃. The ideal range for the generation of protease was 35–43℃ and 8.0–10. The thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme FP, which was isolated from Bacillus cereus ATCC 4342 in various soil environments in Egypt during the current study, was a promising fibrinolytic enzyme because it demonstrated a more extensive and effective fibrinolytic activity and fewer side effects than the fibrinolytic enzymes that are currently available worldwide. It is advised that further research be done on optimizing the right formulation of bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes in the future to help dissolve different types of blood clots and, as a result, lower the high death rate that exists worldwide.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0256.v1

Screening and Production of Thrombolytic Enzymes from Different Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed MahmoudShawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fibrinolytic; enzyme; thrombosis; screening; myocardial infarction

Online: 3 April 2024 (11:13:05 CEST)

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BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic disorders including Myocardial infarction[ MI] and stroke represent the leading causes of death worldwide. Fibrinolytic enzymes extracted from microbial sources showed high efficacy in the dissolution of different blood clots. AIM OF THE STUDY: Screening and the bacterial recombinant DNA manufacture of bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes from different soil environments in Egypt. METHODOLOGY: A total of 50 soil samples were screened for their fibrinolytic enzyme production. The potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterial isolates were evaluated for their thrombolytic activities using the plasma plate method. The characterization of the enzyme activity and thermostability were carried out; also, the determination of molecular mass using a mass spectrometer and western blot technique was performed. The purification of the fibrinolytic enzymes was done through the affinity chromatography technique. On the other hand, the production of the purified bacterial fibrinolytic enzyme was achieved via bacterial recombinant DNA technology. Formulation of fibrinolytic enzymes in different dosage forms was tried. RESULTS: In the present study, the purified bacterial fibrinolytic enzyme was approximately 83% pure through affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE assay. The predominating bacterial isolate secreting fibrinolytic enzymes was found to be Bacillus cereus. The fibrinolytic enzyme activities of 50 soil samples were found to be in the range of 0.167-1.853 U/ ml. The fibrinolytic activity of the extracellular enzyme refined from the culture supernatant of Bacillus cereus was relatively stable over the PH range from 7.4-10 for 18 hours and also it showed stability with the highest productivity at a temperature of 43 0C for nearly 60 minutes. The enzyme was called fibrin-proteinase[ FP] in the present study. The FP degraded the fibrin clots via direct thrombolysis. The specific activity and the molecular mass of the FP were estimated to be nearly 40.71 Units/ mg protein and nearly 30 KDa respectively. Protease activity was noticed to be slightly increased in the presence of Fe+3; While it was inhibited in the presence of EDTA. On the other hand, the FP fibrinolytic activity was enhanced greatly after the addition of monovalent cations such as K+1 and Na +1. The enzyme was also active over the temperature range of 20- 65 0C with the highest activity at 55 0C. The optimum temperature and PH of protease production was at 35-43 0C and PH 8.0-10. Conclusion: During the present study, the thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme FP purified from Bacillus cereus in different soil environments in Egypt was a promising fibrinolytic enzyme because it showed a broader efficacious fibrinolytic activity as well as less adverse effects than the current fibrinolytic enzymes globally. It is recommended in the future advanced exploration of the optimization of suitable formulation of bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes to aid in the dissolution of various blood clots and as a consequence overcoming the high rate of mortality globally.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0262.v1

Evaluation of Sensitivity and Applicability of a Droplet Digital Pcr Assay for Simultaneous Detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fragi in Foods

Ju Huang, Ligong Zhai, Junyin Wang, Xiaotian Sun, Baoshi Wang, Zhaohui Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fragi; simultaneous detection; droplet digital PCR

Online: 3 April 2024 (16:17:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1774.v1

WHO ICOPE Screening Tool in Brazilian Elderly People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Thainá Gabriele Camargo da Cruz, Livia Maria do Nascimento, Juliana Fernanda de Lima e Silva, Letícia Prado Silva, Beatriz Bigatão Inácio, Marcos Eduardo Scheicher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: aging; intrinsic capacity; screening; integrated care

Online: 23 July 2024 (09:56:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1219.v1

A Prospective Study on the Progression, Recurrence, and Regression of Cervical Lesions: Assessing Various Screening Approaches

Tudor-Catalin Giscă, Iulian-Valentin Munteanu, Ingrid Andrada Vasilache, Alina-Sinziana Melinte-Popescu, Simona-Ruxandra Volovat, Ioana Sadyie Scripcariu, Raluca Anca Balan, Răzvan Socolov, Ioana Pavaleanu, Alexandru Carauleanu, Constantin Cristian Vaduva, Marian Melinte-Popescu, Ana-Maria Adam, Gigi Adam, Petronela Vicoveanu, Demetra Socolov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cervical lesions; HPV genotyping; p16/Ki67 dual staining; cervical cytology; clinical risk factors.

Online: 21 February 2024 (10:22:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1169.v1

Microbead-encapsulated luminescent bioreporter screening of P. aeruginosa via its secreted quorum sensing molecules.

Abraham Abbey Paul, Yael Schlichter Kadosh, Ariel Kushmaro, Robert S. Marks

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Alginate; Hydrogels; quorum sensing; , C4-HSL; whole-cell biosensors; Furanone C-30; autoinducers; Pseudomonas aeruginosa,; bioencapsulation

Online: 18 June 2024 (11:54:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1823.v1

Embeddings in Literature Screening: A Gentle Introduction to Vectorial Semantics for Life Science Investigators

Carlo Galli, Claudio Cusano, Stefano Guizzardi, Nikolaos Donos, Elena Calciolari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: embeddings; life sciences; academic publications

Online: 26 August 2024 (10:23:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0511.v1

Sarc-Global: A New Sarcopenia Screening Tool in Older Adults

Natalia Correia Lopes, Ana Carolina Costa Vicedomini, Natalia Vieira Magalhães, Dan L. Waitzberg, Wilson Jacob-Filho, Alexandre Leopold Busse, Douglas Ferdinando, Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira, Raquel S. M. M. Torrinhas, Giliane Belarmino

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: sarcopenia; older adults; sarcopenia screening; Sarc-F; Sarc-CalF; Sarc-Global

Online: 8 April 2024 (08:27:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1068.v1

Charting the Ethical Frontier in Newborn Screening: Insights from the NBSTRN ELSI Researcher Needs Survey

Yekaterina Unnikumaran, Kee Chan, Amy Brower

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Newborn Screening, Ethical, Legal, Social Issues, ELSI, Research, Rare Disease,, NBSTRN, Privacy, Informed Consent.

Online: 19 March 2024 (10:22:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0071.v1

Malnutrition Screening and Assessment

Carlos Serón-Arbeloa, Lorenzo Labarta-Monzón, José Puzo-Foncillas, Tomas Mallor-Bonet, Alberto Lafita-López, Néstor Bueno-Vidales, Miguel Montoro-Huguet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutrition screening tools; malnutrition; nutritional assessment

Online: 6 May 2022 (10:01:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0299.v1

Optimizing Droplet Digital PCR for Environmental Samples

Vasilis Kokkoris, Eric Vukicevich, Andrew Richards, Corrina Thomsen, Miranda Hart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ddPCR, droplet digital PCR, environmental samples, environmental DNA, soil microbiology

Online: 12 April 2021 (12:48:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1468.v1

Diagnostic Efficiency of CTV and HSVd for Early and Mixed Infections Using Bioamplification in Citrus Arizona 861-S1 and RT‒PCR Compared to Direct RT‒PCR

Claudio A. Henriquez, Natalia Riquelme, Alejandra Larach, Ximena Besoain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Virus-viroid detection; Mixed infections; Comparison of diagnostic methods; CTV; HSVd; Bioamplification

Online: 19 January 2024 (07:52:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0203.v1

Cost-Effective PCR-Based Identification of Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera) Larvae Extracted From Soil Samples Containing PCR Inhibitor-Rich Material

Billy L. Amugune, Abneel K. Matharu, Paul Ouma, Francis Mutebi, Lynne Elson, Ulrike Fillinger, Jürgen Krücken

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Tungiasis; Tunga penetrans; molecular entomology; DNA isolation; Phusion® polymerase; FIREpol® Taq polymerase; low-cost PCR,

Online: 10 November 2022 (11:19:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2039.v1

NBSTRN Tools to Advance Newborn Screening Research and Support Newborn Screening Stakeholders

Kee Chan, Zhanzhi Hu, Lynn Bush, Heidi Cope, Ingrid A. Holm, Stephen Kingsmore, Kevin Wilhelm, Curt Scharfe, Amy Brower

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: newborn screening; genome sequencing; ethical; legal; social implications (ELSI); NBSTRN; public health; databases; online tools; Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP)

Online: 29 September 2023 (04:28:14 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0291.v1

New Isomeric Dipyridothiazine Dimers — Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Cytotoxicity Screening

Emilia Martula, Beata Morak-Młodawska, Małgorzata Jeleń, Paulina Strzyga-Łach, Marta Struga, Katarzyna Żurawska, Anna Kasprzycka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: phenothiazines; diazaphenothiazines; 2D NMR; structural analysis; Way2Drug; cytotoxicity

Online: 6 May 2024 (12:33:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0350.v1

Screening and the Industry of Myxopyronin B Antibiotic from Different Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed Kassab

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Myxopyronin B; microbial; antibiotic; resistance; myxobacteria

Online: 7 May 2024 (10:05:59 CEST)

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Background: Across the world, antibiotic resistance is a grave problem. To address this issue, it is necessary to investigate new antibiotic sources. Aim of the study: Egypt's diverse soil habitats were used to produce bacterial Myxopyronin B, which was then tested for antimicrobial activity in preclinical animal studies and randomized human clinical trials stages 1/2. Type of the study: Screening experimental study. Methodology: Egypt's various soil conditions were examined for the development of bacterial isolates that produced the antibiotic compound Myxopyronin B. Reversed phase HPLC was used to purify Myxopyronin B. To determine the test antibiotic's minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) and invitro antibacterial activity, the Broth microdilution method and the Paper disc diffusion assay were utilized. Moreover, in vivo antibacterial spectrum, adverse medication responses, and pharmacokinetics were found in preclinical animal testing stages and phases 1/2 of randomized clinical studies involving volunteer humans. Results: Myxopyronin B was generated from the culture supernatant of Myxococcus SDU36, the main soil bacterial isolate cultured on a Casein yeast peptone plate. With MICs less than 100 mcg/ml, the test antibiotic prevented the growth of several Gram +ve bacteria, whereas, at MICs higher than 100 mcg/ml, it inhibited the development of a small number of Gram -ve bacteria, including Escherichia coli. However, eukaryotic cells—such as those found in fungi and humans—were unaffected. The test antibiotic was seen to inhibit prokaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase( RNLP), indicating its bactericidal activity. Mean Cmax was 9-10 mcg/ ml at mean Tmax 1 hour when 600 mg dose was orally administered in randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2, and T1/2 reached 2.25 hours following first-order kinetics of elimination. Duration of its action was nearly 8 hours after oral administration. Rare toxicity was detected during preclinical and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2 in the form of mild diarrhea and GI upset in less than 7 % of experimental candidates. It exhibited approximately 90% plasma protein binding, especially with albumin which resulted in prolonged therapeutic action. It showed a concentration dependant antibiotic killing effect. With the concentration-dependent killing pattern, the higher the drug concentration relative to the pathogen minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC), the greater the rate and extent of antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: The present study was promising due to the production of the bactericidal antibiotic Myxopyronin B from Myxococcus sp. SDU36 isolated from different soil environments in Egypt.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0704.v1

Rapid Visual Screening Feature Importance for Seismic Vulnerability Ranking via Machine Learning and SHAP values

Ioannis Karampinis, Lazaros Iliadis, Athanasios Karabinis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Rapid Visual Screening; Explainable AI; Feature Importance; SHAP

Online: 12 February 2024 (14:53:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1182.v1

Present and Future Applications of Digital PCR in Infectious Diseases Diagnosis

Laura Sancha Domínguez, Ana Cotos Suárez, María Sánchez Ledesma, Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: dPCR; digital PCR; infection; bacteria; virus; parasites

Online: 20 March 2024 (08:24:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0343.v1

Screening and the Production of Myxopyronin A Antibiotic from different Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed Kassab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Myxopyronin A; Infection; Antibiotic; Resistance; Myxobacteria

Online: 7 May 2024 (10:01:21 CEST)

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is an overwhelming serious difficulty globally. This necessitates the exploration of novel sources of antibiotics to overcome this challenge. Aim of the study: Bacterial Myxopyronin A production from various soil environments Egypt; as well as testing its antimicrobial activity in preclinical animal testing and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2. Type of the study: Screening experimental study. Methodology: Different soil environments in Egypt were screened for the growth of bacterial isolates producing Myxopyronin A as an antimicrobial agent. Purification of Myxopyronin A was performed via reversed-phase HPLC. Paper disc diffusion assay, as well as broth dilution technique, were exploited to assess the invitro antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) of the test antibiotic. Furthermore, in vivo antimicrobial spectrum, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacokinetics were detected during animal model testing stages and human randomized clinical trials phases 1/2. Results: From the culture supernatant of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 which was the predominant soil bacterial isolate grown on the Casein yeast peptone plate, Myxopyronin A was produced. The test antibiotic blocked the growth of many Gram +ve bacteria with MICs less than 100 mcg/ ml; whereas it inhibited the growth of a few Gram -ve bacteria such as Escherichia coli at MICs greater than 100 mcg/ ml. On the other hand, Eukaryotic cells such as fungal and human cells were not affected. Prokaryotic DNA-dependant-RNA polymerase( RNLP) was noticed to be inhibited via the test antibiotic suggesting its bactericidal action. Cmax was 7-8 mcg/ ml at Tmax 2 hours when 600 mg dose was orally administered in randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2; as well as T1/2 reached 2.5 hours following first-order kinetics of elimination. The duration of its action was nearly 12 hours after oral administration. Rare toxicity was detected during preclinical and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2 in the form of mild diarrhea and cholestatic jaundice in less than 5 % of experimental candidates. Conclusion: The present study was promising due to the production of the bactericidal antibiotic Myxopyronin A from Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 isolated from different soil environments in Egypt.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0284.v1

Factors Affecting SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic, including Zoonotic, Human Transmission and Chain of Infection. Reducing Public Health Risk by Serum Antibody Testing, Avoiding Screening in Unhygienic Places and False PCR Reporting. A Scientific Review

Kamran Mahmood Ahmed Aziz, Abdullah Othman, Waleed Alqahtani, Sumaiya Azhar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; RT-PCR; antibody; zoonotic; animal transmission; genomics; asymptomatic fraction; herd immunity

Online: 23 June 2020 (13:30:11 CEST)

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Since December 2019, a rapid increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases was reported worldwide, despite strict infection control and lock down measures. Current paper investigated the actual facts behind this rapid increase in the number of cases. Study of genomic sequence reveals that domestic and wild animals were likely ancestors and zoonotic source for SARS-CoVs, MERS-CoVs, and SARS-CoV-2. Strong evidence suggest that these viruses already existed and replicated in animals and humans during past several decades, exhibiting diverse mutations, evolutions and self-limiting diseases, except during outbreaks. Serious zoonotic reservoir investigations are required to investigate animal transmission of SARS-CoVs and SARS-CoV-2 to limit current pandemic. This might be the reason of increasing number of cases via animals. SARS-CoV-2 has been retrospectively isolated in different studies in August 2019, several months before Wuhan announced. Hence, there is a possibility that viruses existed, went undetected, infecting subclinically, in past several years, and SARS-CoV-2 antigens and neutralizing antibodies may have been present in humans since long time. This might be another reason of increasing number of cases by screening as mass screening and antigen or antibody testing was not carried out in the past years. Randomized controlled trials are required to investigate human to human transmission by touch, as the current evidence is limited with conflicting results. As all SARS-CoVs are basically respiratory viruses, droplet precautions and infection control measures are essential, especially for hospital staff. Increased number of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic, or subclinical cases are detected worldwide. This silent phase of transmission can be beneficial for humans. Lack of symptoms eventually lessen virus transmission and reduce the pathogen's long-term survival and provide humoral herd immunity up to several years. Hence, seropositivity with diverse antibodies develops against mutating SARS-CoVs which will confer strong immunity during epidemics. Strategies such as identification, contact tracing and quarantine are costly and practically difficult. Hence, asymptomatic persons can continue their work with droplet precautions and standard infection control procedures, while symptomatic or sick persons can isolate themselves in their homes without the need for strict quarantine until clinical recovery, with reduced hospital visits and minimizing chances of hospital acquired infections. RT-PCR has low sensitivity and specificity, carries a high risk of handling live virus antigens, and requires difficult protocols. As viral load also sharply declines after few days of onset of infection, this technique might overlook infection. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may be present in blood when oropharyngeal swabs are negative by RT-PCR. Additionally, RT-PCR usually gives false negative and false positive results and must be interpreted cautiously. This might be again a reason of increasing number of cases by false positive RT-PCR reporting. Moreover, antibodies against SARS-CoVs develop robustly in serum even by reduced amount of antigens. In contrast to RT-PCR, ELISA for diagnosing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity, even in clinically asymptomatic individuals. These antibodies can be used for serologic surveys, monitoring and screening. However, screening tests for SARS-COV-2 should be avoided in unhygienic public places by nasopharyngeal swabs, which carry a high risk of further transmission, co-infection or superinfection. Such highly infectious virus must be isolated and tested in highly sterilized laboratory. Further strict international laws and policies are required to stop the possible spread of experimental viruses, biological warfare and bioterrorism.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0941.v1

Pharmaceutical Screening of Bat Feces and Their Traditional Medical Application

Kou-Toung Chung, Ching-Lung Lin, Wu-Chang Chuang, Ming-Chung Lee, Li-Wen Chen, Chung-Hsin Wu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS); Bat feces; Luminous sand; Visual deterioration; Vitamins; Heavy metals

Online: 19 February 2024 (11:31:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0128.v1

Screening for Triterpenoid Saponins in Plants Using Hyphenated Analytical Platforms

Bekzod Khakimov, Li Hong Tseng, Markus Godeljohann, Søren Bak, Søren Balling Engelsen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: time slice LC-SPE-NMR/MS; GC-MS; LC-MS/MS; triterpenoid saponins; Barbarea vulgaris

Online: 25 November 2016 (10:04:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0542.v1

A Simplified Screening Model to Predict the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Caucasian and Latin American Pregnant Women

María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez, Irene Serrano, Mateo Paz-Cabezas, Ana Barabash, Johanna Valerio, Laura Del Valle, Rocio Martin O´Connor, Verónica Melero, María Paz De Miguel Novoa, Angel Díiaz, Cristina Familiar, Inmaculada Moraga, Mario Pazos, Mercedes Martinez-Novillo, Miguel Ángel Rubio Herrera, Clara Marcuello, Ana M. Ramos-Leví, Pilar Matía-Martín, Alfonso Calle-Pascual

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Caucasian; Latin American; age; body mass index; fasting plasma glucose; single-nucleotide polymorphisms.; women

Online: 11 March 2024 (09:29:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0470.v1

From Detection to Action: A Retrospective Analysis on the Impact of Screening for Congenital Heart Disease in the NICU

Ioana Roșca, Daniela-Eugenia Popescu, Ana Maria Cristina Jura, Alina Turenschi, Cristina Filip, Alexandru Dinulescu, Andreea Teodora Constantin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: congenital heart disease; neonatology; prenatal diagnosis; parent support; neonatal intensive care unit; pulse oximetry; screening; echocardiography

Online: 7 April 2024 (10:34:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1390.v1

Droplet Digital Pcr Enhances Sensitivity and Accuracy in Canine Distemper Virus Detection

Victoria Iribarnegaray, Guillermo Godiño, Camila Larrañaga, Kanji Yamasaki, José Manuel Verdes, Rodrigo Puentes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: droplet Digital PCR; canine distemper virus; molecular diagnosis

Online: 18 September 2024 (10:24:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1177.v1

A PCR-Based Approach for Early Diagnosis of Head and Neck Aspergillosis

Thaís Ellen Chaves Gomes, Victor Coutinho Bastos, Douglas Boniek, Mário Romañach, Fernanda Faria Rocha, Roberta Rayra Martins Chaves, Ricardo Santiago Gomez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; PCR; Diagnosis

Online: 15 August 2024 (14:30:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0326.v1

Molecular Characterization of Termitomyces Protoclones through PCR and RFLP Based DNA Typing

Pijush Mallick, Sobhan Roy Chowdhury, Dipanwita Roy, Subhash Kanti Roy, Samir Ranjan Sikdar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: DNA markers; edible mushroom; genome stability; protoplast regeneration

Online: 25 April 2018 (08:26:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1770.v1

Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Living with HIV: TUBHIVIT Project, a Multicentre Italian Study

Luca Pipitò, Elena Delfina Ricci, Paolo Maggi, Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio, Giovanni Francesco Pellicano, Marcello Trizzino, Raffaella Rubino, Alessandra Lanzi, Lorenzo Crupi, Ilaria Capriglione, Nicola Squillace, Giuseppe Nunnari, Antonio Di Biagio, Paolo Bonfanti, Antonio Cascio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Tuberculosis; HIV; latent tuberculosis; TB; LTBI

Online: 26 April 2024 (20:02:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1874.v1

Cone Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Mandibular Indices in the Screening of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: Correlations with Bone Quantity and Quality

Ioana Ruxandra Poiana, Iulia Florentina Burcea, Silviu Mirel Pituru, Alexandru Bucur

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: osteoporosis; menopause; cone beam computed tomography

Online: 24 July 2024 (10:41:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0279.v1

Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian Families: Perception of Quality of Life and Screening of Psychological Symptoms

Roberta Maria Incardona, Marta Tremolada

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Covid19; Quality of life; Psychological symptoms, Children; Adolescents; Parents; Predictive models ;

Online: 6 May 2024 (09:39:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1665.v1

Modified POM Analysis of Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinolines as Perspective Antibacterial Agents In Silico and Their In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Screening

Renata Gašparová, Tibor Maliar, Mária Maliarová, Ján Koreň, Jaroslav Polák

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: ; quinoline; antibacterial activity; swissadme; osiris; molinspiration; in silico ;

Online: 22 July 2024 (05:50:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0085.v1

Megaselia scalaris and Senotainia tricuspis Infesting Apis mellifera: Genotyping, Detection by Quantitative PCR, and Involvement in the Transmission of Microbial Pathogens

Franca Rossi, Martina Iannitto, Beqe Hulaj, Paola Manocchio, Francesca Gentile, Ilaria Del Matto, Massimiliano Paoletti, Lucio Marino, Luciano Ricchiuti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Parasitoid flies of Apis mellifera; Megaselia scalaris; Senotainia tricuspis; qPCR detection; occurrence in apiaries; genotyping; pathogen transmission

Online: 2 September 2024 (16:30:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1087.v1

Screening and Industry of Bacterial L-glutaminase as an Anticancer Agent from Different Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky Kassab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: L-glutaminase; Acute lymphocytic leukaemia; Breast cancer; Auxotrophic

Online: 16 May 2024 (11:55:34 CEST)

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Background: Breast cancer and other neoplasms like acute lymphocytic leukemia pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Treatment for malignancies including acute lymphocytic leukemia and breast cancer requires enzymes that break down L-glutamine. An amidohydrolase called L-glutaminase can be an effective chemotherapeutic tool for treating various cancers. Methods: On mineral L-glutamine agar selective medium (MGA), a few bacterial isolates were examined in the current investigation to see if they produced L-glutaminase. However, the most effective positive bacterial isolates generating L-glutaminase were identified using morphological and biochemical testing. Molecular detection using the direct Southern blotting approach was also used to determine the main positive isolate that produces L-glutaminase. L-glutaminase synthesis by bacteria was evaluated for its characteristics. Using an MTT test, the anticancer activity was evaluated. Results: exclusive bacterial isolates that used L-glutamine as their sole source of metabolic nitrogen exhibited favorable growth on MGA. PH 7.4 and a temperature of 37 0C were the ideal environmental and physiological conditions for developing positive bacterial isolates. From the soil samples taken from various soil conditions in Egypt, the morphological and biochemical analyses showed that Bacillus cereus 14579 was the main positive bacterial generating L-glutaminase isolate. At a pH of 7.4 and a temperature of 37 °C, the following activators—KCL, ZnSO4, FeSO4, K2HPO4, and MgSO4—provided the high-grade circumstances for characterizing L-glutaminase synthesis. Bacillus cereus-produced L-glutaminase has shown excellent bioavailability and effectiveness as an anticancer therapy. The yield [productivity] was 5.2 U/ml during the original manufacture from MGA, but it increased to 42.96 U/ ml by bacterial recombinant DNA manufacturing. The molecular mass of L-glutaminase was roughly 37 KDa. L-glutaminase was purified, yielding final enzyme recovery of 55 1.23%, total activity 12,990± 19.76 ( U), specific activity 384.66± 8.92( U/ mg of protein), and purification fold 2± 2.99. Furthermore, the L-glutaminase activity was raised by 19%, 23%, 15%, and 9%, respectively, by the enzymatic activators Mn2+, K+, Na+, and Fe3+. It demonstrated strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 61 μg/ mL) and anticancer activity( IC50 = 40.72, 9.7, 7.39, 20.61, 51.28, and 11.55 μg/ mL, respectively) against human liver (HepG-2), colon ( HCT-116), breast ( MCF-7), lung( A-549), lymphocytic( CCL-120), and cervical( Hela) cancer cell lines. A stronger affinity for its substrate was shown by the kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax, which were 13.2 10-5 M and 119.86 μmol/ ml/ min, respectively. Conclusion: Acute lymphocytic leukemia and breast cancer are examples of auxotrophic malignancies for which L-glutamine serves as the only metabolic source, and L-glutaminase generated by Bacillus cereus was an appropriate enzyme in the therapy of these diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0477.v1

Non-Nucleoside Lycorine-Based Analogues as Potential DENV/ZIKV NS5 Dual Inhibitors: Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Chemoinformatic Analysis

Adrián Camilo Rodríguez-Ararat, Yasser Hayek-Orduz, Andrés Felipe Vásquez, Felipe Sierra-Hurtado, María-Francisca Villegas-Torres, Paola A. Caicedo-Burbano, Luke-E.K. Achenie, Andrés Fernando González Barrios

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: DENV3; ZIKV; molecular docking; MD simulations; MM/GBSA; compound library; NS5; lycorine

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:04:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0199.v2

Self-Sampling for HPV Testing: Increased Cervical Cancer Screening Participation and Incorporation in International Screening Programs

Sarah Gupta, Christina Palmer, Elisabeth M. Bik, Juan P. Cardenas, Harold Nuñez, Laurens Kraal, Sara Bird, Jennie Bowers, Alison Smith, Nathaniel A. Walton, Audrey D. Goddard, Daniel E. Almonacid, Jessica Richman, Zachary S. Apte

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: human papillomavirus; HPV; cervical cancer; cancer screening; self-sampling; vaginal microbiome

Online: 1 December 2017 (07:19:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1390.v1

Suppression PCR-Based Selective Enrichment Sequencing for Pathogen and Antimicrobial Resistance Detection on Cell-Free DNA in Sepsis - A Targeted, Blood Culture Independent Approach for Rapid Pathogen and Resistance Diagnostics in Septic Patients

Mirko Sonntag, Vanessa K. Elgeti, Yevhen Vainshtein, Lucca Jenner, Jan Mueller, Thorsten Brenner, Sebastian O. Decker, Kai Sohn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: sepsis; antimicrobial resistances; cell-free DNA; precision diagnostics; Next-Generation sequencing; suppression PCR; real-time diagnostics; nanopore sequencing

Online: 22 April 2024 (10:13:14 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0104.v1

Statistical Modelling and Experimental Design for the Validation of Droplet Digital PCR Methods

Steffen Uhlig, Christopher Weidner, Bertrand Colson

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: Method validation; droplet digital PCR; orthogonal factorial design; variance components; Poisson assumption; cloglog model; target DNA copies per droplet; Monte Carlo; prediction interval

Online: 12 April 2022 (08:46:49 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0279.v1

COVID19 PCR Testing and the Unprecedented Institutional Response in a Low-Resource Setting

Akintunde Orunmuyi, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Adeola Fowotade, Akindele Adebiyi, Adekunle Adeniji, Olukemi Amodu, E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID19; sub-Sahara Africa; PCR testing; Capacity building

Online: 13 July 2020 (06:32:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1505.v1

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multiplex PCR in Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis

Anja Stein, Daniel Soukup, Peter-Michael Rath, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: neonatal sepsis; early onset sepsis; multiplex PCR; infection; neonate; diagnosis; pathogen detection

Online: 24 October 2023 (08:11:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1441.v1

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Commercially Available Essential Oils Combinations with Conventional Antibiotics against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Răzvan Neagu, Violeta Popovici, Lucia-Elena Ionescu, Viorel Ordeanu, Andrei Biță, Diana Mihaela Popescu, Emma Adriana Ozon, Cerasela Elena Gird

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Complementary And Alternative Medicine Keywords: essential oils; GC-MS; antibacterial activity; gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; diffusimetric antibiogram; antibacterial drugs; combinations; interactions

Online: 23 April 2024 (12:52:32 CEST)

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The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of five commercially available essential oils (EOs): Lavender (LEO), Clove (CEO), Oregano (OEO), Eucalyptus (EEO), and Peppermint (PEO) against the most-known MDR Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) - alone and in various combinations. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis established their complex composition. Then, the antibacterial activity was investigated in vitro by diffusimetric antibiogram method, using sterile cellulose discs with Ø 6 mm impregnated with 10 µl of sample and sterile borosilicate glass cylinders loaded with 100 µl of sample; MIC (µg/mL) for each EO was calculated from IZD values (mm) measured after 24 hours. The following EO combinations were evaluated: OEO+CEO, CEO+EEO, CEO+PEO, LEO+EEO, and EEO+PEO. Then, the influence of each dual combination on 3 conventional antibacterial drugs – Neomycin (NEO), Tetracycline (TET), and Bacitracin (BAC) - activity was investigated. The most active EOs against S. aureus and E. coli were LEO and OEO (IZD = 40 mm). They were followed by the CEO and EEO (IZD = 20-27 mm); PEO exhibited the lowest antibacterial activity (IZD = 15-20 mm). EEO alone showed the highest inhibitory activity on P. aeruginosa (IZD = 25-35 mm). It was followed by the CEO, LEO, and EEO (IZD = 7-11 mm), while PEO proved no antibacterial action against it (IZD = 0 mm). Only one synergic action was recorded (OEO+CEO against P. aeruginosa); EEO+PEO revealed partial synergism against S. aureus and CEO+PEO additive behavior against E. coli. Two triple associations with TET showed partial synergism against E. coli, and the other 2 ones (with NEO and TET) evidenced the same behavior against S. aureus; all contained EEO+PEO or CEO+PEO. Most combinations reported indifference. However, numerous cases were of antagonism between constituents included in double and triple combinations, and EOs with the strongest antibacterial activities belong to the highest antagonistic combinations. A consistent statistical analysis supports our results, showing that EOs with moderate antibacterial activities could generate combinations with higher inhibitory effects based on synergistic or additive interactions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0023.v1

An In-silico Designing of Vaccine against All Serotypes of Dengue Virus Based on Virtual Screening of B-Cell and T-Cell Epitopes

Hikmat Ullah, Shaukat Ullah, Li Jinze, Fan Yang, Lei Tan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Dengue virus; in-silico designing; B cell epitope; T cell Epitopes; pan-serotype vaccine; molecular docking

Online: 1 July 2024 (09:12:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1025.v1

Early Screening for Long QT Syndrome and Cardiac Anomalies in Infants: A Comprehensive Study

Luana Nosetti, Marco Zaffanello, Carolina Lombardi, Alessandra Gerosa, Giorgio Piacentini, Abramo Michele, Massimo Agosti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: children; congenital heart disease; Electrocardiogram; Infant; long QT syndrome; neonatal screening; sudden infant death syndrome.

Online: 19 February 2024 (08:22:38 CET)

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(1) Background: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) represents unexplained and sudden deaths during the sleep of infants under one year of age, despite thorough investigation. Screening for prolonged QTc or Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) should be conducted on all newborns to reduce the incidence of SIDS. Neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) could identify congenital heart defects (CHD) early, especially those not detected at birth. Infants with prolonged QT intervals typically undergo genetic analysis for Long QT Syndrome; (2) Methods: The study involved infants aged 20-40 days, born clinically healthy, with initial ECG screening. Infants with prenatal diagnoses or signs/symptoms of CHD identified immediately after birth, as well as those who underwent ECG or echocardiogram for other clinical or historical indications, were excluded from the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0; (3) Results: Of the 42,200 infants involved, 2,245 were enrolled, with 39.9% being males. Subsequently, 164 children (37.8% males) with prolonged QT intervals underwent further diagnostic investigations. Genetic mutations were identified in 11 out of 18 tested children. The most common mutations were LQT1 (54.5%), LQT2 (36.4%), and LQT3 (1 patient). Medications used included propranolol (39.8%), nadolol (22.2%), inderal (11.1%), metoprolol (11.1%), and no treatment (16.7%). The most common abnormalities were focal right bundle branch block (54.5%), left axis deviation (9.2%), and nonspecific ventricular repolarization abnormalities (7.1%). Multiple anomalies were found in 0.47% of children with focal right bundle branch block. Structural abnormalities were associated with specific features in 267 patients (11.9%), primarily isolated patent foramen ovale (PFO) at 61.4%; (4) Conclusions: The screening has proven effective in early diagnosing Long QT Syndrome and other cardiac rhythm anomalies, with additional benefits in detecting mutations and/or QTc prolongations in family members. Identifying other ECG abnormalities and congenital heart malformations further enhances the benefits of the screening.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0199.v1

Time-Delay Dynamic Model and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Major Emergent Infectious Diseases with Transportation-Related Infections and Entry-Exit Screening

Yi Xie, Ziheng Zhang, Yan Wu, Shuang Li, Liuyong Pang, Yong Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Transportation-related infection; Entry-exit screening; Basic reproduction number; Optimal control; Cost-effectiveness

Online: 4 June 2024 (14:08:43 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0686.v1

Support Vector Machine-Based Formula for Detecting Suspected α Thalassemia Carriers: A Path Toward Universal Screening

Idit Lachover-Roth, Sari Peretz, Hiba Zoabi, Harel Eitam, Leonid Livshits, Dvora Filon, Carina Levin, Ariel Koren

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Alpha Thalassemia, Screening, Support Vector Machine, Mathematical Formulas

Online: 10 April 2024 (09:45:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0512.v1

Online Screening Tool for Detection of Psychosocial Stress and Mental Health Disorders in Parents and Their Children in Early Childhood: Results from the SKKIPPI Cohort Study

Julia Fricke, Marie Bolster, Katja Icke, Natalja Lisewski, Lars Kuchinke, Christiane Ludwig-Körner, Franziska Schlensog-Schuster, Thomas Reinhold, Anne Berghöfer, Stephanie Roll, Thomas Keil

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Early childhood; postnatal; parents; stressors; mental health; regulatory problems; mother-child attachment

Online: 7 June 2024 (14:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0220.v1

Selection and Multiplexing of Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR Tests Targeting Relevant Honeybee Viral Pathogens

Franca Rossi, Ilaria Del Matto, Luciano Ricchiuti, Lucio Marino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: ; honeybee; viral pathogens; RT-qPCR tests; TaqMan probes; duplex reactions ;

Online: 6 May 2024 (08:43:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2136.v1

Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Differentiation of Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses

Christina M. Lazov, Alice Papetti, Graham J. Belsham, Anette Bøtner, Thomas Bruun Rasmussen, Maria Beatrice Boniotti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Virus diagnosis; RNA; recombinant virus; alphacoronavirus; deltacoronavirus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV); porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)

Online: 29 June 2023 (13:22:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2272.v1

The Hypocholesterolemic Potential of the Edible Algae Fucus Vesiculosus: Proteomic and Quantitative PCR Analysis

Rebeca André, Rita Pacheco, Ana Catarina Alves, Hugo M. Santos, Mafalda Bourbon, Maria-Luísa Serralheiro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Fucus vesiculosus; cholesterol synthesis; cholesterol excretion; , Ezetimibe; , NPC1L1; ABCG5; qRT-PCR; mRNA

Online: 31 May 2023 (14:54:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0196.v1

SARS-CoV-2 PCR Persistence and Duration of COVID-19 Symptoms in Health Professionals

Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini, Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen, Richard Steiner Salvato, Ivone Andreatta Menegolla, CEVS COVID-19 Team, Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; PCR persistent positive; respiratory infection; COVID-19

Online: 12 December 2022 (09:04:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0376.v1

Evaluation of C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) as a Sample Adequacy Control in HPV Molecular Diagnostics

Ruth Chinyere Njoku, Marianna Martinelli, Chiara Giubbi, Sofia De Marco, Barbara Torsello, Morena D'Avenia, Manuela Sironi, Cristina Bianchi, Clementina Elvezia Cocuzza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5); Human Papillomavirus (HPV); Sample Adequacy Control (SAC); OncoPredict HPV Quality Control (QC) assay

Online: 5 September 2024 (00:26:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0719.v1

Performance of Diabetes Screening Tests: An Evaluation Study of Iranian Diabetes Screening Program

Fateme Kianpour, Mohammad Fararouei, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Mohammadnabi Mohammadi, Mostafa Dianatinasab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, screening, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose

Online: 29 September 2020 (15:12:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0584.v1

Exploring Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Among Women in the United States: Impact of Social Determinants of Health and Psychosocial Determinants

Matthew Asare, Eyram Owusu-Sekyere, Anjelica Elizondo, Gabriel A Benavidez

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Cervical cancer; social determinants of health; screening; psychosocial factors

Online: 8 August 2024 (08:49:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0581.v1

Looking into the Quantification of Forensic Samples with Real-Time PCR

Ugo Ricci, Dario Ciappi, Ilaria Carboni, Claudia Centrone, Irene Giotti, Martina Petti, Alice Brogi, Elisabetta Pelo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: DNA amplification; polymerase chain reaction; DNA quantification; forensic DNA

Online: 9 May 2024 (10:39:14 CEST)

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The quantification of human DNA extracts from forensic samples plays a key role in the forensic genetics process. Quantification guarantees maximum efficiency and avoids repeated analyses, over amplified samples, or unnecessary examinations. Here, we present our experience using an extremely sensitive real-time-based method with the Quantifiler® Trio DNA quantification kit, which we have explored in the ISO/IEC17025 accredited test validation process conducted in our laboratory. In this study, our focus was on establishing a minimum threshold beyond which DNA typing is unnecessary, by defining the correlation of negative quantification results with the absence of genetic profiles resulting from DNA typing. We investigated the results in the range in which the technique is used (50-0.005 ng/μl). In the validation process of the internally accredited method, we used data from the commercial quantification system, based on the average values of the standard curve using a wide range of samples, including artificially degraded samples. This method was extensively used continuously for nine years to quantify the DNA extract coming from a wide range of samples from criminal cases. The validation allowed us to verify the limits of the technique, especially in the use of the minimum quantities necessary to obtain genetic profiles acceptable for sending to the Italian DNA database. This optimization of the protocol for analysing forensic samples allows us to optimise the protocol for analysing forensic samples. However, the technique is used in our laboratory with a completely manual preparative phase, and we have decided to investigate the contribution of human error more accurately. Thus, in our experience, we have found that it is preferable to use quantification ranges rather than exact limits before deciding how to analyse the extracts via PCR. In addition, here we present some preliminary data related to the analysis of certain samples that initially appeared negative during quantification, applying a concentration method for maximum yield from forensic samples of judicial interest. Our aim is to ensure that no source of evidence is lost in the reconstruction of a criminal event.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0210.v1

Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae DNA by PCR-Based CRISPR-lbCas12a System

Shang Wang, Ying Tang, Jiehong Wei, Shan Wang, Guoyu Peng, Yuqing Li, Song Wu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: CRISPR-Cas, Nucleic acid detection, Klebsiella pneumonia

Online: 11 November 2021 (12:57:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0189.v1

Optimisation of DNA Extraction from Individual Sand Flies for PCR Amplification

Lorena G. Caligiuri, Adolfo E. Sandoval, Jose C. Miranda, Felipe A. Pessoa, María S. Santini, Oscar D. Salomón, Nagila F. C. Secundino, Christina McCarthy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Sand fly; DNA extraction; Calcium; PCR, lysis buffer, Lutzomyia

Online: 17 December 2018 (10:41:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2238.v2

Challenges and Advances in Cervical Cancer Prevention for HIV-Positive Individuals

Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Darren Gopaul, Reinand Thompson, Odalis Asin-Milan, Rodolfo Arrozarena-Fundora, Sachin Soodeen, Chandrashekhar Unakal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HPV; Prevalence; Vaccination strategy; HPV screening; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Online: 19 September 2024 (11:47:05 CEST)

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Since the identification of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, approximately 85.6 million people have been infected with HIV, resulting in 40.4 million deaths. As of 2022, 53% of the 39 million people living with HIV are women and girls. Despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) improving survival rates, cervical cancer remains prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. By 2030, cervical cancer is projected to cause 727,500 new cases and 432,000 deaths globally. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, with HIV infection exacerbating the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). HIV and HPV share transmission routes, and HIV worsens cervical carcinogenesis by inhibiting tumour suppressor genes and altering cell cycle regulation. Chronic inflammation and cytokine imbalances, notably increased IL-10 levels, are linked to cervical cancer progression. Despite ART improving overall health, cervical cancer remains a significant issue, highlighting the need for better screening and prevention measures. A cross-sectional study in Brazil evaluated cytokine levels in cervicovaginal lavage among HIV-positive women, revealing a high prevalence of specific HPV types. ART has been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and HR-HPV prevalence, although its impact on invasive cervical cancer remains inconclusive. In a study in Accra, 250 sexually active HIV-positive women exhibited a high HPV prevalence, emphasising the need for regular screening. HPV testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and cytology-based tests are primary screening methods, each with specific advantages and limitations. A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that ART is associated with a lower prevalence of HR-HPV and high-grade cervical lesions, suggesting that early ART initiation may reduce cervical lesion incidence and progression. HPV is a significant cause of sexually transmitted diseases, with high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies show a substantial burden of HPV among men in the region, underscoring the potential benefits of HPV vaccination programs. A study in Tanzania highlighted a high prevalence of HR-HPV among HIV-positive men, suggesting the efficacy of HPV vaccines irrespective of HIV status. Cervical cancer rates in sub-Saharan Africa are alarmingly high, necessitating targeted vaccination and prevention strategies.

Working Paper REVIEW

Potential Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment

Mari Uyeda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cervical cancer; Biomarkers; Human papillomavirus; Pap smear; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Online: 30 March 2021 (09:32:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0122.v1

Intervention to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior Among Medically Underserved Women: Effectiveness of 3R Communication Model

Matthew Asare, Anjelica Elizondo, Mina Dwumfour-Poku, Carlos Mena, Mariela Gutierrez, And Hadii M. Mamudu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: 3R communication model; Self-sampling; medically underserved women; cervical cancer screening

Online: 7 April 2023 (09:49:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1144.v1

Development of PCR-Multiplex Assays for Identification of the Herpotrichiellaceae Family and Agents Causing Chromoblastomycosis

Gabriel S.M. Sousa, Rodrigo S. De Oliveira, Alex B. De Souza, Ruan C. Monteiro, Elaine P. T. E. Santo, Luciano C. Franco Filho, Denison L.O. Moraes, Sarah R. De Sá, Silvia H. M. Da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: chromoblastomycosis; phaeohyphomycosis; PCR-Multiplex; Herpotrichiellaceae; sequencing; phenotypic; molecular biology.

Online: 19 March 2024 (12:35:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1348.v1

Expanded PCR Panel Testing for Identification of Respiratory Pathogens and Coinfections in Influenza-like Illness

Pallavi Upadhyay, Jairus Reddy, Teddie Proctor, Oceane Sorel, Harita Veereshlingam, Manoj Gandhi, Vijay Singh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Respiratory tract infections; COVID-19; influenza-like illness; multiplex PCR; syndromic panels

Online: 18 May 2023 (14:10:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0740.v1

Speeding Up COVID-19 Detection Using Shaker-Mill Homogenization and a Direct-to-PCR Workflow

Zachary P Morehouse, Caleb M Proctor, Gabriella L Ryan, Rodney J Nash

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Virus Detection; Viral Diagnostics; Diagnostics; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; PCR

Online: 31 July 2020 (09:31:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1736.v1

Screening the Performance of a Reverse Osmosis Pilot-Scale Process that Treats a Blended Feedwater Containing Nanofiltration Concentrate and Brackish Groundwater

Christopher R. Hagglund, Steven J. Duranceau

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: nanofiltration; reverse osmosis; zero-liquid discharge; membrane concentrate; pilot-plant; brackish groundwater; iron sulfide; pyrite

Online: 25 June 2024 (09:27:19 CEST)

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A two-stage pilot plant study has been completed that evaluated the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process for the treatment of a feedwater that consisted of a blend of nanofiltration (NF) concentrate and brackish groundwater. Membrane performance was assessed by monitoring the process operation, collecting water quality data, and documenting the blended feedwater’s impact on fouling due to a combination of, or solely caused by, plugging, scaling, microbiological, or organic means. Fluorescence and biological activity reaction tests were used to identify the types of organics and microorganisms present in the blended feedwater. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze suspended matter that collected on the surfaces of cartridge filters used in the pilot’s pretreatment system. SEM and EDS were also used to evaluate solids collected on the surfaces of 0.45-µm silver filter pads after filtering known volumes of NF concentrate and RO feedwater blends. Water quality analyses confirmed that the blended feedwater contained little to no dissolved oxygen, and the blended feedwater was absent of a significant amount of particulate matter as defined by silt density index and turbidity measurements. However, water quality results suggested that the presence of sulfate, sulfide, iron, anaerobic bacteria, and humic acid organics likely contributed to the formation of pyrite observed on some of the membrane surfaces autopsied at the conclusion of pilot operations. It was determined that first-stage membrane productivity was impacted by the location of cartridge filter pretreatment; however, second-stage productivity was maintained with no observed flux decline during the entire pilot operation’s timeline. Study results indicated that the operation of an RO process treating a blend of NF concentrate and brackish groundwater could maintain a sustainable and productive operation that provided a practical zero-discharge process operation while the dilution of RO feedwater salinity would lower overall production costs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0991.v1

Potential Performance of Two New RT-PCR and RT-q PCR Methods for Multiplex Detection of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1-4 and Chikungunya Virus in Mosquitoes Allowing Efficient Entomological Surveillance of Both Vector-Borne Diseases

Michel Kiréopori Gomgnimbou, Louis robert wendyam BELEM, Etienne Bilgo, Miriam Félicité Amara, Zouera Laouali, Ali Ouari, Toussaint Bayala, Kobo Gnada, Raymond Kharlis Yao, Moussa Namountougou, Ibrahim Sangaré

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: multiplex rt-pcr; multiplex rt-qpcr; molecular detection; dengue virus; chikungunya virus; mosquitoes; Burkina Faso

Online: 12 July 2024 (08:43:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1861.v1

Impact of a Workplace Screening Programme for Hypertension: A 5-Year Machine Learning-Based Analysis of a University Workforce Medical Records

Olumide Adeleke, Oluwasegun Julius Aroba, Segun Adebayo, Halleluyah Aworinde, Oludamola Adeleke, Abidemi Emmanuel Adeniyi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Machine learning, Hypertension, Analysis, Prediction, Medical record.

Online: 28 May 2024 (14:33:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0896.v1

Nutritional Screening and Assessment in Mexican Outpatient Cancer Patients

Gabino Cervantes-Guevara, Karla Veronica Chavez, Blanca Ernestina Vazquez-Lopez, Zayda Vanessa Herrera-Ponce, Lisset Citlali Magaña-de la Vega, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez-Ojeda, Diana Mercedes Hernandez-Corona, Tonatiuh Gonzalez-Heredia, Miriam Méndez-del Villar, Fernada Isadora Corona-Meraz, Milton Omar Guzman-Ornelas, Linda Paola Gomez-Cabral, Jose Alberto Gonzalez-Duarte, Fernanda Monserrat Rendon-Serrano, Mariana Chavez-Tostado

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: malnutrition; cancer; GLIM criteria; PG-SGA; NRS-200; MUST; MST; nutriscore

Online: 12 September 2024 (10:57:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0329.v1

Virtual Screening with Gnina 1.0

Jocelyn Sunseri, David Koes

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Molecular Modeling; Virtual Screening; Drug Discovery

Online: 18 November 2021 (13:59:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1081.v1

Useful Clinical Criteria for Identifying Neonates with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection at Birth in the Context of an Expanded Targeted Screening Program

Valeria Poletti de Chaurand, Gaia Scandella, Marianna Zicoia, Francesca Arienti, Federica Fernicola, Laura Lanteri, Diletta Guglielmi, Anna Carli, Maria Viola Vasarri, Lucia Iozzi, Annalisa Cavallero, Sergio Maria Ivano Malandrin, Anna Locatelli, Maria Luisa Ventura, Mariateresa Sinelli, Sara Ornaghi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Cytomegalovirus; screening; targeted; newborn; congenital; infection

Online: 16 May 2024 (10:49:48 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0549.v1

PCR, PLS, or OPLS Evaluation of different regression techniques for hypothesis generation

Avani Ahuja

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Principal Component Regression, Partial Least Squares, Orthogonal Partial Least Squares, multivariate regression, hypothesis generation, Parkinson’s disease

Online: 29 November 2021 (15:42:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0030.v1

Screening of Nias World Rice Core Collection for Seeds with Long Longevity as Useful Potential Breeding Materials Focusing on the Stability of Embryonic RNAs

Kalimullah Saighani, Megumi Kashiwagi, Safiullah Habibi, Craig G. Simpson, Tetsuya Yamada, Motoki Kanekatsu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: world rice (Oryza sativa L.) core collection; seed longevity; embryonic RNA stability; RNA integrity number (RIN); controlled deterioration treatment (CDT); breeding materials

Online: 4 June 2024 (02:52:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1444.v1

Screening and Engineering Yeast Transporters to Improve Cellobiose Fermentation by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Leonardo G. Kretzer, Marilia M. Knychala, Lucca C. da Silva, Isadora C. C. da Fontoura, Maria José Leandro, César Fonseca, Kevin J. Verstrepen, Boris U. Stambuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: cellobiose; transporter; β -glucosidase; Spathaspora passalidarum; Meyerozyma guilliermondii; recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Online: 20 August 2024 (13:47:16 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2007.v1

Ct-Value from qRT-PCR Can Predict SARS-CoV-2 Virus Assembly and Lineage Assignment Success

Dominik Hadzega, Klaudia Babisova, Michaela Hyblova, Nikola Janostiakova, Peter Sabaka, Pavol Janega, Gabriel Minárik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; RNA genome assembly; RT-qPCR; SPAdes

Online: 29 June 2023 (02:12:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1114.v1

Assessing the Pathogenicity of Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method

Andrew Chen, Duy P. Le, Linda J. Smith, Dinesh Kafle, Elizabeth A. B. Aitken, Donald M. Gardiner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Upland cotton; pathogenicity; fungal effectors; Fusarium wilt; black root rot; Secreted In Xylem effector genes; endophyte; Translation elongation factor-1 alpha subunit

Online: 14 September 2024 (08:49:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0463.v1

Screening for Postpartum Depression: Barriers, Guidelines, and Measurement Scales

Kathleen Kendall-Tackett

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: postpartum; postnatal; depression; screening; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; Patient Health Questionnaire

Online: 7 August 2024 (00:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0770.v1

Managing Newborn Screening Recollections For Sick And Preterm Neonates

Ronda Greaves, Jo-Ann Northfield, Lauren Cross, Nazha Mawad, Thanh Nguyen, Maggie Tan, Michele O'Connell, James Pitt

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Prematurity; low birth weight; transfusion; sick neonate; quality indicators; congenital hypothyroidism; transient hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Online: 9 July 2024 (13:09:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0516.v1

The Challenge of a Recall Programme From a Community-Based Hepatitis C Screening Campaign: The Effectiveness in HCV Microelimination

Cheng-Hung Chien, Tien -Shin Chou, Li-Wei Chen, Chih-Lang Lin, Jia-Jang Chang, Ching-Jung Liu, Shuo-Wei Chen, Ching-Chih Hu, Rong-Nan Chien

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: hepatitis C virus; linkage to care; hepatitis C microelimination

Online: 11 June 2024 (08:36:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0284.v1

Designing and Validation of a Droplet Digital PCR Procedure for Diagnosis and Accurate Quantification of Nervous Necrosis Virus

Sandra Souto, José G. Olveira, Carmen López-Vázquez, Isabel Bandín, Carlos P. Dopazo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: VNNV; Diagnosis; Validation; dPCR; droplet digital PCR.

Online: 3 August 2023 (10:44:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0212.v1

One-tube RT-PCR for the Simultaneous Detection and Typing Duck Hepatitis A Virus Subtypes 1 and 3

Xueming Chen, Yuhuan Chen, Chunguo Liu, Xiaojun Li, Hongyu Liu, Xiaofei Bai, Ming Liu, Yun Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: DHAV-1; DHAV-3; Phylogenetic analysis; One-tube RT-PCR; Simultaneously

Online: 22 January 2019 (11:08:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1225.v1

Exploration of Temperature-Induced Quantum Proton Tunneling Probability in PCR-Mediated DNA Amplification

Joseph De Luna

Subject: Physical Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: genetics; molecular biology; biophysics; quantum mechanics

Online: 19 September 2023 (05:18:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1033.v2

Designing Microfluidic PCR Chip Device Using CFD Software for the Detection of Malaria

Meynard R. Austria, Jon Patrick T. Garcia, Lemmuel L. Tayo, Alvin R. Caparanga, Bonifacio Jr T. Doma

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Plasmodium falciparum; microfluidic chip design

Online: 10 August 2023 (10:30:52 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0436.v1

Multiplex PCR Detects Respiratory Viruses at A Much Higher Rate in Kawasaki Disease

Masayuki Nagasawa, Teruyoshi Shimoyama, Sayuri Hashimoto, Ryuichi Nakagawa, Haruna Yokoyama, Mari Okada, Tomohiro Udagawa, Akihiro Oshiba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Kawasaki disease; febrile convulsions; respiratory virus; filmarray; multiplex PCR

Online: 23 November 2022 (07:02:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0669.v1

Electron Screening in Laboratory Nuclear Reactions

Jelena Vesić

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: electron screening; nuclear astrophysics; charge-induced reactions; reaction rates

Online: 9 September 2024 (14:05:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0046.v1

The Future of Newborn Genomic Screening

JOHN David LANTOS

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: ethics; genomics; neonates; outcomes; economics

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:23:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0716.v1

In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Terpenes from the Fabaceae Family Using the Phenotypic Screening Model against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Natália Ferreira de Sousa, Gabrielly Diniz Duarte, Carolina Borsoi Moraes, Cecília Gomes Barbosa, Holli-Joi Martin, Nail N. Muratov, Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento, Luciana Scotti, Lúcio Holanda Gondim de Freitas-Júnior, José Maria Barbosa Filho, Marcus Tullius Scotti

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Virtual Screening; SARS-CoV-2; Natural products; Phenotypic screening; Fabaceae family

Online: 11 June 2024 (18:23:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0886.v1

Tandem Mass Spectrometry Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis

Victoria Kononets, Gulmira Zharmakhanova, Saule Balmagambetova, Lyazzat Syrlybayeva, Gulshara Berdesheva, Zhanna Zhussupova, Aidana Tautanova, Yergen Kurmambayev

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: tandem mass spectrometry; inborn errors of metabolism; newborn screening; selective screening; scientometrics; bibliometric analysis; visualization; VOSviewer

Online: 16 February 2024 (05:37:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2169.v1

Spleen Swabs for Sensitive and High-Throughput Detection of African Swine Fever Virus by Real-Time PCR

Christopher Cafariello, Kalhari Goonewardene, Chungwon J Chung, Aruna Ambagala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: African swine fever; Diagnostics; Tissue homogenate; Spleen swab; Real-time PCR

Online: 26 July 2024 (16:49:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0184.v1

Non-Covalent Interactions between dUTP C5-Substituents and DNA Polymerase Result in a Decrease in PCR Efficiency

Olga A. Zasedateleva, Sergey A. Surzhikov, Viktoriya E. Kuznetsova, Valeriy E. Shershov, Victor E. Barsky, Alexander S. Zasedatelev, Alexander V. Chudinov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: C5-modified dUTPs; A and B family DNA polymerases; PCR amplification; X-ray structure; molecular modeling; non-covalent interactions

Online: 2 August 2023 (08:21:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1920.v1

Selection and Evaluation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in Amorphophallus konjac Based on Transcriptome Data

Yanli Liu, Chengcheng Zhang, Nunung Harijati, Ying Diao, Erxi Liu, Zhongli Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Amorphophallus; reference genes; RT-qPCR; gene expression

Online: 27 June 2023 (13:43:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0091.v1

Evidence-Based Evaluation of PCR Diagnostics for SARS-Cov-2 and The Omicron Variants by Sanger Sequencing

Sin Hang Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV; RT-PCR; Sanger sequencing; RT-qPCR; receptor-binding domain (RBD); N-terminal domain (NTD); Omicron; multi-allelic SNPs; false-positive

Online: 12 April 2022 (03:57:29 CEST)

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