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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1467.v1

Analysis of the Polyculture Model of Scapharca broughtonii and Scallop Chlamys farreri in Shallow Sea Suspension Cages

Chunnuan Zhao, Liqun Ren, Shuai Xu, Yuping Wu, Haiying Han, Bo Li, Yanxin Zheng, Yang Chen, Xiwen Wang, Shuai Cai, Tao Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Scapharca broughtonii; Chlamys farreri; polyculture

Online: 21 August 2024 (10:44:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0339.v1

Analysing Temporal Evolution of OpenStreetMap Waterways Completeness in a Mountain Region of Portugal

Elisabete Monteiro, Glória Patrício

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: completeness; waterway; VGI; OpenStreetMap

Online: 6 June 2024 (07:20:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0897.v1

Comprehensive Analysis of Leucine-rich Repeat Receptor-like Pro-teins Provides Insights into Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Kiwifruit

Yingying Cao, Congxiao Zhang, Fang Liu, Dawei Li, Aidi Zhang, Li Li, Xiujun Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: kiwifruit; biotic and abiotic stresses; leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein; gene expression

Online: 15 March 2024 (07:30:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1134.v1

The Mother's Day Solar Storm of 11 May 2024 and Its Effect on Earth's Radiation Belts

Viviane Pierrard, Alexandre Winant, Edith Botek, Maximilien Péters de Bonhome

Subject: Physical Sciences, Space Science Keywords: geomagnetic storm; solar energetic particles; solar event; radiation belts; energetic protons; relativistic electrons

Online: 14 September 2024 (10:38:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2376.v1

The Mitochondrial Genome of Ylistrum japonicum (Bivalvia, Pectinidae) from South China Sea and Its Phylogentic Analysis

Yida Han, Yaoyu Xie, Zhenlin Hao, Junxia Mao, Xubo Wang, Yaqing Chang, Ying Tian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: saucer scallop; Ylistrum japonicum; mitochondrial genome; taxonomy

Online: 30 July 2024 (07:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0069.v1

An Attitude Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control Algorithm with Feedforward Compensation Disturbance Observer for Microsatellites to Track High-Speed Moving Targets

Xinyan Yang, Lei Li, Yurong Liao, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Microsatellite; Attitude Control; Moving Target Tracking; Disturbance Observer; Sliding Mode Control

Online: 1 March 2024 (18:25:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1323.v1

Updated Gene Prediction of Cucumber Genome through Manual Annotation

Weixuan Du, Lei Xia, Rui Li, Xiaokun Zhao, Danna Jin, Xiaoning Wang, Yun Pei, Rong Zhou, Jinfeng Chen, Xiaqing Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: cucumber; manual reannotation; transcriptome; gene model; tissue-specific expression

Online: 19 April 2024 (10:40:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1287.v1

SE-CBAM-YOLOv7: An Improved Lightweight Attention Mechanism-Based YOLOv7 for Real-Time Detection of Small Aircraft Targets in Microsatellite Remote Sensing Imaging

Zhenping Kang, Yurong Liao, Shuhan Du, Haonan Li, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: aircraft detection; YOLOv7; CBAM; SENet; microsatellite

Online: 18 June 2024 (15:09:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0113.v1

Geomagnetic Field Measurements based Adaptive Cubature H-infinity Filter for Microsatellite Autonomous Orbit Estimation

Zhaoming Li, Xinyan Yang, Lei Li, Yurong Liao

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: autonomous orbit estimation; microsatellite; cubature Kalman filter; robust; geomagnetic field

Online: 1 July 2024 (13:54:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0303.v1

Characterisation of the Mitochondrial Genome of Capulus danieli: Insights into Evolutionary History and Ecological Adaptations

Yaoyu Xie, Yida Han, Junxia Mao, Xubo Wang, Zhenlin Hao, Ying Tian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Capulus danieli; mitochondrial genome; protein-coding genes; divergence time estimation

Online: 6 August 2024 (03:19:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1876.v1

Assessment of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Based on Dual-Optimization Random Forest

Chao Li, Huisheng Wu, Chaojun Yang, Long Cui, Ziyue Ma, Lejie Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: particle organic carbon; Mediterranean; machine learning; tuneRanger R package; geographic detector

Online: 28 May 2024 (14:28:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v6

Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy

Kabir Umar

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: chirality; dark energy; dark matter; extra dimension; gravity; neutrino; vacuum energy

Online: 23 September 2024 (12:19:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0088.v1

Multi-range Conditional Random Field for Classifying Railway Electrification System Objects

Jaewook Jung, Leihan Chen, Gunho Sohn, Chao Luo, Jong-Un Won

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: classification; railway; power line; mobile laser scanning data; conditional random field; layout compatibility

Online: 26 September 2016 (09:33:05 CEST)

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Railway has been used as one of the most crucial means of transportation in public mobility and economic development. For efficiently operating railways, the electrification system in railway infrastructure, which supplies electric power to trains, is essential facilities for stable train operation. Due to its important role, the electrification system needs to be rigorously and regularly inspected and managed. This paper presents a supervised learning method to classify Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) data into ten target classes representing overhead wires, movable brackets and poles, which are recognized key objects in the electrification system. In general, the layout of railway electrification system shows a strong regularity of spatial relations among object classes. The proposed classifier is developed based on Conditional Random Field (CRF), which characterizes not only labeling homogeneity at short range, but also the layout compatibility between different object classes at long range in the probabilistic graphical model. This multi-range CRF model consists of a unary term and three pairwise contextual terms. In order to gain computational efficiency, MLS point clouds is converted into a set of line segments where the labeling process is applied. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a local classifier considering only node features for producing the unary potentials of CRF model. As the short-range pairwise contextual term, Potts model is applied to enforce a local smoothness in short-range graph. While, long-range pairwise potentials are designed to enhance spatial regularities of both horizontal and vertical layouts among railway objects. We formulate two long-range pairwise potentials as the log posterior probability obtained by Naïve Bayes classifier. The directional layout compatibilities are characterized in probability look-up tables which represent co-occurrence rate of spatial relations in horizontal and vertical directions. The likelihood function is formulated by multivariate Gaussian distributions. In the proposed multi-range CRF model, the weight parameters to balance four sub-terms are estimated by applying the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The results show that the proposed multi-range CRF can effectively classify detailed railway elements, representing the average recall of 97.66% and the average precision of 97.07% for all classes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0890.v1

Characterization of Industrial High-Strength Aluminum Alloys by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, With Special Emphasis on the Detection of Low Contents of Mg, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn and Sensing of Molecular Diatomic Emission of AlO During Ablation

Svetlana Rytchkova, Luc Lévesque

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); Aluminum (Al); Magnesium (Mg); Manganese (Mn); Chromium (Cr); Copper (Cu); Zinc (Zn); Aluminum Monoxide (AlO).

Online: 16 February 2024 (07:01:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2089.v1

The Entropy of the Collapsing Molecular Cloud

Gemechu Muleta Kumssa

Subject: Physical Sciences, Space Science Keywords: Entropy; Gravity; Turbulence; Molecular cloud; Star formation

Online: 31 May 2024 (08:10:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1383.v1

A Peak Finding Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (PF-SCNN) for Aero-engine Hot Jet FT-IR Spectrum Classification

Shuhan Du, Wei Han, Zhenping Kang, Fengkun Luo, Yurong Liao, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: infrared spectrum detection; FT-IR; aero-engine hot jet; siamese convolutional neural network networks; peak finding

Online: 17 July 2024 (13:41:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1279.v1

CWT-AM-CNN: A Lightweight Feature Extraction Network with Attention Mechanism Based on CWT Peak Seeking Method for Aero-Engine Hot Jet FT-IR Classification

Shuhan Du, Wei Han, Zhenping Kang, Xiangning Lu, Yurong Liao, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Infrared Spectral detection; FT-IR; Aero-engine hot jet; deep learning; Attention Mechanism

Online: 20 June 2024 (12:51:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0062.v1

Development and Testing of a Smart Ice Control System Using Machine Learning Models

Dario Farina, Hatim Machrafi, Patrick Queeckers, Patrice Desire Dongo, Carlo Saverio Iorio

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: aerospace icing prevention; risk mitigation in aviation; graphene-based sensors; dynamic ice sensing; de-icing; conductive polymer applications; smart sensors; pedot:pss polymers; 2D materials; micromachines

Online: 3 June 2024 (10:41:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0839.v1

Lifetime of Long-Lived Sunspot Groups

Judit Muraközy

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Solar physics; Sunspots; Sunspot groups; Sunspot cycle; Solar magnetic fields; Solar active region magnetic fields

Online: 12 June 2024 (12:21:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2044.v1

Evaluation of Solid Phase Joining Using Friction Stir Welding Technique between Aluminum 6061 and Polymer-Based Composites

NOUMAN ALI, Zain ul Abadeen, Yumna Qureshi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: FSW (Friction Stir Welding); IMc (Intermetallic Compounds); UTM (Universal Testing Machine); RPM (Revolutions Per Minute); HAZ (Heat Affected Zone); WZ (Weld Zone); BM (Base Metal); CNC (Computer Numeric Control); EDM (Electrical Discharge Machine)

Online: 29 August 2024 (16:58:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0030.v1

Surface Ages in the Vicinity of the Chang’e-6 Landing Site

Li Zhang, Jianzhong Liu, Gregory Michael, Ping Ge, Kaichang Di, Congzhe Wu, Kai Zhu, Xiaoxi Kang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: Chang’ e-6; CSFD measurements; absolute model age; Apollo basin

Online: 2 September 2024 (08:54:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0928.v1

Transmission Spectroscopy Along the Transit of Venus: A Proxy for Exoplanets Atmospheric Characterization

Alexandre Baptista Branco, Pedro Machado, Olivier Demangeon, Sarah Amelia Jaeggli, Thomas Widemann, Paolo Tanga

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Venus; Solar Transit; High-resolution transmission spectroscopy; Radiative transfer; Cross-correlation; Carbon dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Ozone; Venus-like exoplanets

Online: 11 July 2024 (08:37:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1153.v1

Genome-Wide Identification of AGO, DCL, and RDR Genes and Their Expression Analysis in Response to Drought Stress in Peach

Mohammad Belal, Charmaine Ntini, Cherono Sylvia, Misganaw Wassie, Mahmoud Magdy, Collins Ogutu, Mohamed Ezzat, Md Dulal Ali Mollah, Yunpeng Cao, Weihan Zhang, Elsayed Nishawy, Yuepeng Han

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: ; Prunus persica; drought; AGO; DCL; RDR; Genome-wide identification; gene expression ;

Online: 16 July 2024 (03:04:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1366.v1

Pore Characteristics of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments from Krishna-Godavari Basin, Offshore India

Wen Guan, Hailin Yang, Xindi Lu, Hailong Lu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: hydrate-bearing sediments; microporous structure; Krishna-Godavari Basin; pore characterization

Online: 20 August 2024 (03:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0039.v1

Water Recuperation from Regolith at Martian, Lunar & Micro-gravity during Parabolic Flight

Dario Farina, Hatim Machrafi, Patrick Queeckers, Christophe Minetti, Carlo Saverio Iorio

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: regolith hydration; water extraction technologies; parabolic flight simulation; ice-regolith interaction; substrate condensation efficiency; in-situ resource utilization (ISRU); thermal condensation processes; micro-gravity experiments; surface properties and water recovery; space resources; space mining

Online: 1 May 2024 (09:56:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1792.v1

Unsupervised Characterization of Water Composition with UAV-based Hyperspectral Imaging and Generative Topographic Mapping

John Waczak, Adam Aker, Lakitha O. H. Wijeratne, Shawhin Talebi, Ashen Fernando, Prabuddha M. H. Dewage, Mazhar Iqbal, Matthew Lary, David Schaefer, Gokul Balagopal, And David J. Lary

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Hyperspectral Imaging; Remote Sensing; Unsupervised Classification; Endmember Extraction; Generative Topographic Mapping

Online: 3 June 2024 (17:09:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1444.v1

Environmental Chamber Characterization of an Ice Detection Sensor for Aviation Using Graphene and PEDOT:PSS

Dario Farina, Marco Mazio, Hatim Machrafi, Patrick Queeckers, Carlo Saverio Iorio

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Ice Formation; Aircraft Ice Detection; Hazard Management; Graphene Sensors; In-Flight Safety Technology; Real-time Ice Monitoring; Resistance Signal Analysis; Pedot:PSS; Climatic chamber

Online: 25 March 2024 (08:47:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1700.v1

Ionospheric Absorption Variation Based on Ionosonde and Riometer Data and the NOAA D-RAP Model over Europe During Intense Solar Flares in September, 2017

Veronika Barta, Tamás Bozóki, Dávid Péter Süle, Daniel Kouba, Jens Mielich, Tero Raita, Attila Buzás

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Space And Planetary Science Keywords: space weather; solar flare; ionosphere; ionospheric absorption; ionosonde data; HF radio wave absorption; radio fade-out; riometer; D-RAP model

Online: 23 September 2024 (12:16:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1211.v1

A Closer Look at the Perivascular Unit in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melvin Ray Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Diabetic cerebral microvascular disease; Enlarged perivascular spaces; Glymphatic system; Neurovascular unit; Perisynaptic astrocyte endfeet; Perivascular astrocyte endfeet; Pervascular spaces; Perivascular unit; Postcapillary venule

Online: 15 December 2023 (18:12:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2106.v1

Protoplasmic Perivascular Astrocytes Play a Crucial Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melvin R. Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BBB; endothelial glycocalyx; enlarged perivascular spaces; metabolic syndrome; neuroinflammation; neurovascular unit; obesity; perivascular spaces; perivascular unit; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Online: 29 September 2023 (11:14:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1704.v1

Vision System for the Mars Sample Return Capture, Containment and Return System (CCRS)

Brent Jon Bos, David Donovan, John Capone, Chen Wang, Terra Hardwick, Dylan Bell, Yuqing Zhu, Robert Podgurski, Bashar Rizk, Ireneusz Orlowski, Rachel Edison, David Harvey, Brianna Dizzon, Lindsay Haseltine, Kristoffer Olsen, Chad Sheng, Robert Bousquet, Luan Vo, Georgi Georgiev, Kristen Washington, Michael Singer, Stefan Ioana, Anloc Le, Elena Georgieva, Michael Hackett, Michael Ravine, Michael Caplinger, Phillip Coulter, Erin Percy, Charles Torisky, Jean Lauenstein, Kaitlyn Ryder, Michael Campola, Dillon Johnstone, William J. Thomes, Richard G. Schnurr, John McCloskey, Eugenia DeMarco, Ellen Lee, Calinda Yew, Bo Yang, Mingyu Han, Bartosz Blonski

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Mars; cameras; sample return; space optics

Online: 26 April 2024 (09:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0461.v1

Pericytes and Resident Perivascular Macrophages Play a Key Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melvin R Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Astrocytes; BBB; Enlarged Perivascular Spaces; glymphatic system; microglia; MRI; Perivascular Spaces; Small vessel disease

Online: 7 July 2023 (05:16:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2092.v1

Design and On-Orbit Performance of Ku-Band Phase-Array SAR Payload System

Wei Yan, Xiaomin Tan, Jiang Wu, Mingze Yuan, Hongxing Dang, Wujun Chang

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Ku band; SAR system; payload; Taijing-4(03); on-orbit; application; micro-nano; satellite

Online: 29 August 2024 (07:14:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1284.v1

Robust Wideband Interference Suppression Method for GNSS Array Antenna Receiver via Hybrid Beamforming Technique

Zhenxing Xu, Qijia Dong, Shenyang Li, Fuzhan Yue, Meng Wang, Zhenghuan Xia, Xiao Chen, Shuangna Zhang, Guoji Zou, Huizheng Wang

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: wideband interference; anti-jamming; hybrid beamforming; hybrid array; digital array

Online: 18 April 2024 (15:42:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2062.v1

IFU Spectroscopic Study of the Planetary Nebula Abell 30: Mapping the Ionization and Kinematic Structure of the Inner Complex

Kam Ling Chan, Quentin Andrew Parker, Andreas Ritter

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Planetary nebulae; Abell 30; Integral spectroscopy; Kinematics; velocity maps; Binary system; born-again scenario; wolf rayet central star; hydrogen deficient CSPN

Online: 30 May 2024 (13:43:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1264.v1

Microwave Corona Breakdown Suppression of Microstrip Coupled-Line Filter Using Lacquer Coating

Ming Ye, Shaoguang Hu, Rui Wang, Yong Zhang, Yongning He

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: coupled-line filter; dielectric coating; microstrip circuits; microwave corona breakdown suppression ;

Online: 18 June 2024 (13:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0545.v1

Global Generalized Mersenne Numbers: Definition, Decomposition, and Generalized Theorems

Vladimir Pletser

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Mersenne numbers; Generalized Mersenne numbers; divisibility and congruence properties

Online: 9 February 2024 (10:50:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0008.v1

Spectral and Polarization Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazars

Markus Boettcher

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: active galaxies; blazars; jets; polarization; shock acceleration

Online: 8 July 2016 (03:03:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1725.v1

Ionosonde Measurements Comparison during an ICME- and a SIR/CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm over Europe

Kitti Alexandra Berényi, Loredana Perrone, Dario Sabbagh, Alessandro Ippolito, Carlo Scotto, Árpád Kis, Veronika Barta

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Space And Planetary Science Keywords: space weather; geomagnetic storms; ionosphere; ionospheric storm; ICME; SIR/CIR; ionosonde; Digisonde; rTEC; TIMED/GUVI

Online: 25 June 2024 (07:15:52 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0060.v1

Some Potentially Strategic Considerations for the Sex-Bot Industry

Glenn W. Smith

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sexually-enable robot; sex-bot

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:56:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2013.v1

On the Ionisation Tolerance of C₂₀ Fullerene in Ground and Excited Electronic States in Planetary Nebulae

SeyedAbdolreza Sadjadi, Quentin Andrew Parker

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: astrochemistry; C₂₀ fullerene; Ionisation; excited state; DFT; planetary nebulae

Online: 28 August 2024 (05:16:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0433.v1

A Novel Algorithm for Classifying Vegetation and Non-Vegetation Using Red Edge Slope Coefficient with Hyperspectral LCTF Imaging

Bayarsaikhan Uudus, Bayartsetseg Oyungerel, Yukihiro Takahashi, Erdenebaatar Dashdondog, Turtogtokh Tumenjargal, Narangarvuu Dashdondog, Qinxue Wang, Hasi Bagan, Begzsuren Tumendemberel

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Hyperspectral Imaging; Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter; Red Edge Slope Coefficient; Spectral Reflectance; Vegetation Classification; Remote Sensing Algorithms

Online: 8 May 2024 (15:28:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0178.v1

Bias Correction of Chinese Fengyun-3C Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder Measurements in Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters

Qiurui He, Zhenzhan Wang, Jieying He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: FY-3C/MWHTS; linear regression correction; neural networks correction; one-dimensional variational algorithm; atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles

Online: 19 August 2016 (09:22:31 CEST)

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The Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder (MWHTS) on board the Fengyun (FY)-3C satellite measure the outgoing radiance form the Earth surface and atmospheric constituents. MWHTS makes measurements in the isolated oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and the vicinity of strong water vapor line around 183 GHz, can provide fine vertical distribution structure of both atmospheric humidity and temperature. However, in order to obtain the accurate soundings of humidity and temperature by the physical retrieval method, bias between the observed radiance and those simulated by radiative transfer model from the background or first guess profiles must be correct. In this study, two bias correction methods are developed through the correlation analysis between MWHTS measurements and air mass identified by the first guess profiles of the physical inversion, one is the linear regression correction (LRC) and the other is neural networks correction (NNC), representing the linear and nonlinear nature between MWHTS measurements and air mass, respectively. Both correction methods have been applied to MWHTS observed brightness temperatures over the geographic area (180° W-180° E, 60° S-60° N). The corrected results are evaluated by the probability density function of the difference between corrected observations and simulated values and the root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to simulated observations. The numerical results show that the NNC method perform better, especially in MWHTS channels 1 and 7-9 whose peak weight function heights are close to the surface. In order to assess the effects of bias correction methods proposed in this study on the retrieval accuracy, a one-dimensional variational system was built and applied to the MWHTS uncorrected and corrected brightness temperatures to estimated atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, The retrieval results show that the NNC has better performance which is to be expected. An indication of the stability and robustness of NNC method is given which suggests that the NNC method has promising application perspectives in the physical retrieval.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2010.v1

Research on Underwater SLAM System Based on Visual Feature Enhancement

Haiyang Qiu, Yijie Tang, Hui Wang, Lei Wang, Dan Xiang, Mingming Xiao

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: underwater SLAM; underwater image processing; visual feature point enhancement; association of acoustic and visual feature

Online: 30 May 2024 (11:03:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0961.v1

Research on Short‐Term Forecasting Model of Global Atmospheric Temperature and Wind in the Near Space Based on Deep Learning

Xingxin Sun, Ting Lan, Yi Liu, Chen Zhou, Jian Feng, Huiyun Yang, Yuqiang Zhang, Zhou Chen, Tong Xu, Zhong-Xin Deng, Zhengyu Zhao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Global atmospheric temperature and wind in the near space; ConvGRU; ConvLSTM; MERRA‐2 reanalysis dataset

Online: 13 August 2024 (14:41:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0543.v1

Random Forest Classifier for Cloud Clearing of the Operational TROPOMI XCH4 Product

Tobias Borsdorff, Mari Carmen Martinez-Velarte, Maarten Sneep, Mark ter Linden, Jochen Landgraf

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: TROPOMI; CH4; SUOMI NPP; VIIRS; CLOUDS; Machine Learning; Random Forest Classifier

Online: 9 February 2024 (10:52:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2539.v1

Corrections of the Distribution of Nuclei Due to Neutron Degeneracy and Their Effects in the R-Process in Neutron Stars - Black Hole Mergers

Rita K. Y. Lau

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: nuclear astrophysics; nuclear reactions; neutron stars; black holes

Online: 31 July 2024 (14:04:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0086.v1

Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Based Fusion for Underwater Image Enhancement

JINXIANG MA, Xinnan Fan, Simon X. Yang, Xuewu Zhang, Xifang Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: image enhancement; image fusion; color space; edge detector; underwater image

Online: 14 March 2017 (17:52:48 CET)

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In order to improve contrast and restore color for underwater image captured by camera sensors without suffering from insufficient details and color cast, a fusion algorithm for image enhancement in different color spaces based on contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is proposed in this article. The original color image is first converted from RGB color space to two different special color spaces: YIQ and HSI. The color space conversion from RGB to YIQ is a linear transformation, while the RGB to HSI conversion is nonlinear. Then, the algorithm separately operates CLAHE in YIQ and HSI color spaces to obtain two different enhancement images. The luminance component (Y) in the YIQ color space and the intensity component (I) in the HSI color space are enhanced with CLAHE algorithm. The CLAHE has two key parameters: Block Size and Clip Limit, which mainly control the quality of CLAHE enhancement image. After that, the YIQ and HSI enhancement images are respectively converted backward to RGB color. When the three components of red, green, and blue are not coherent in the YIQ-RGB or HSI-RGB images, the three components will have to be harmonized with the CLAHE algorithm in RGB space. Finally, with 4 direction Sobel edge detector in the bounded general logarithm ratio operation, a self-adaptive weight selection nonlinear image enhancement is carried out to fuse YIQ-RGB and HSI-RGB images together to achieve the final fused image. The enhancement fusion algorithm has two key factors: average of Sobel edge detector and fusion coefficient, and these two factors determine the effects of enhancement fusion algorithm. A series of evaluate metrics such as mean, contrast, entropy, colorfulness metric (CM), mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are used to assess the proposed enhancement algorithm. The experiments results showed that the proposed algorithm provides more detail enhancement and higher values of colorfulness restoration as compared to other existing image enhancement algorithms. The proposed algorithm can suppress effectively noise interference, improve the image quality for underwater image availably.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0201.v1

Interscapular and Perivascular Brown Adipose Tissue Respond Differently to a Short-Term High-Fat Diet

Peter Aldiss, Jo Lewis, David Boocock, Amanda Miles, Ian Bloor, Francis Ebling, Helen Budge, Michael Symonds

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: brown fat; white fat; proteome; nutrient excess

Online: 21 February 2019 (10:01:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0461.v1

Variations of VEGFR2 Chemical Space: Stimulator and Inhibitory Peptides

Claudiu N. Lungu, Ionel Mangalagiu, Gabriela Gurau, Mihaela Cezarina Hîncu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: peripheral artery disease; molecular modeling; docking; angiogenesis; vascular morphogenesis; chimeric protein

Online: 7 June 2024 (07:32:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1575.v1

Enhancement of Underwater Images through Parallel Fusion of Transformer and CNN

Xiangyong Liu, Zhixin Chen, Zhiqiang Xu, Ziwei Zheng, Fengshuang Ma, Yunjie Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: image enhancement; local features; global features; parallel fusion

Online: 19 July 2024 (06:40:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2285.v1

Comparative Study on the Interest of NURBS Representation Versus Polynomial Surface Description in Freeform TMA

Clément Freslier, Guillaume Druart, Alice Fontbonne, Thierry Lepine, Christophe Buisset, Tibor Agocs, Arnaud Hélière, Fanny Keller, Jean-Baptiste Volatier, Stéphane Beaussier, Paul Jougla

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: optimization; freeform; NURBS; differential ray tracer; XY polynomials; TMA

Online: 29 July 2024 (10:14:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0078.v1

Copernicus Sentinel-2 Calibration and Products Validation Status

Ferran Gascon, Olivier Thépaut, Mathieu Jung, Benjamin Francesconi, Jérôme Louis, Vincent Lonjou, Bruno Lafrance, Stéphane Massera, Angélique Gaudel-Vacaresse, Florie Languille, Bahjat Alhammoud, Françoise Viallefont, Jakub Bieniarz, Bringfried Pflug, Sébastien Clerc, Laëtitia Pessiot, Thierry Trémas, Enrico Cadau, Roberto De Bonis, Claudia Isola, Philippe Martimort, Valérie Fernandez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: calibration; validation; optical; instrument; processing; imagery; spatial; operational

Online: 19 October 2016 (10:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1215.v1

Evaluating the VIIRS Imagery for Developing Near Real-Time Nationwide Vegetation Cover Monitoring in Indonesia

Yudi Setiawan, Kustiyo Kustiyo, Sahid Agustian Hudjimartsu, Judin Purwanto, Riva Rovani, Anna Tosiani, Basyiruddin Usman, Tatik Kartika, Novie Indriasari, Lilik Budi Prasetyo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: change detection; temporal vegetation dynamics; open area index; multi temporal VIIRS

Online: 18 April 2024 (10:57:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0157.v1

3d Bioprinted Material That Recapitulates the Perivascular Bone Marrow Structure for Sustained Hematopoietic and Cancer Models

Caitlyn A. Moore, Zain Siddiqui, Griffin J. Carney, Yahaira Naaldijk, Khadidiatou Guiro, Murat Guvendiren, Vivek A. Kumar, Pranela Rameshwar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Alginate; methylcellulose; hydrogel; bone marrow; bioprinting; breast cancer; stem cells

Online: 7 December 2020 (13:12:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0122.v1

Landau Tidal Damping and Major-Body Clustering in Solar and Extrasolar Subsystems

Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Demosthenes Kazanas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Dynamical evolution of planets and satellites; Extrasolar planets; Gravitation; Landau damping; Mean tidal field

Online: 2 April 2024 (09:18:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1914.v1

Estimates for Certain Rough Multiple Singular Integrals on Triebel-Lizorkin Space

Hussain Al-Qassem, Mohammed Ali

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Triebel-Lizorkin space; singular integrals; Rough kernels; product spaces

Online: 27 August 2024 (17:06:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0227.v1

Identification of Candidate Genes for Cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage by GWAS in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Qingxin Song, Janlong Xu, Huimin Shi, Wenyu Zhang, Huimin Cao, Laiyuan Zhai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: rice; GWAS; cold tolerance; candidate genes; favorable haplotype

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:50:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1593.v1

Evolution of Dew and Rain Water Resources in Gujarat (India) between 2005 and 2021

Rupal Budhbhatti, Anil Roy, Marc Muselli, Daniel Beysens

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Water resources; dew and rain increase; dew/rain ratio; dew/rain correlation; dew/rain mapping; Gujarat (India); climate change.

Online: 24 June 2024 (11:36:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1670.v1

Understanding Microplastics Retention Efficiency and Sorption Dynamics in Porous Media

Hande Okutan, Çağdaş Sağır, Bedri Kurtuluş, Hasan Burak Özmen, Emrah Pekkan, Moumtaz Razack, Philippe Le Coustumer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: microplastics; porous media; retention; transport; polyethylene; retention efficiency; numerical model; MT3DMS; MODFLOW

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:41:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0002.v1

Results of Long-Duration Simulation of Distant Retrograde Orbits

Gary Turner

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Distant Retrograde Orbit; DRO; orbits–stability; radiation pressure; orbits–resonance; dynamics

Online: 1 August 2016 (09:00:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0402.v2

Wheat Yield Estimation using Machine Learning Method Based on UAV Remote Sensing Data

Shurong Yang, Lei Li, Shuaipeng Fei, Mengjiao Yang, Zhiqiang Tao, Yaxiong Meng, Yonggui Xiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: machine learning; yield prediction; data fusion; wheat; phenotyping

Online: 23 May 2024 (12:31:37 CEST)

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Accurate forecasting of crop yields holds paramount importance in guiding decision-making processes related to breeding efforts. This study focused on the application of multi-sensor data fusion and machine learning algorithms based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in wheat yield prediction. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms namely random forest (RF), partial least squares (PLS), ridge regression (RR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (XGboost) were utilized for multi-sensor data fusion, and three ensemble methods including the second-level ensemble methods (stacking and feature-weighted) and the third-level ensemble method (simple average) for wheat yield prediction. The 270 wheat hybrids were used as planting materials under full and limited irrigation treatments. A cost-effective multi-sensor UAV platform, equipped with red–green–blue (RGB), multispectral (MS), and thermal infrared (TIR) sensors, was utilized to gather remote sensing data. The results revealed that the XGboost algorithm exhibited outstanding performance in multi-sensor data fusion, with the RGB+MS+Texture+TIR combination demonstrating the highest fusion performance (R2=0.660, RMSE= 0.754). Compared with the single ML model, the employment of three ensemble methods significantly enhanced the prediction accuracy of wheat yield. Notably, the third-layer simple average ensemble method demonstrated superior performance (R2 = 0.733, RMSE= 0.668 t ha-1). It significantly outperformed both the second-layer ensemble methods of Stacking (R2= 0.668, RMSE= 0.673 t ha-1) and feature-weighted (R2= 0.667, RMSE= 0.674 t ha-1), thereby exhibiting superior predictive capabilities. This finding demonstrated that the third-layer ensemble method not only augments the predictive ability of the model but also fine-tuned the accuracy of wheat yield prediction through the employment of simple average ensemble learning. Consequently, it offers a novel perspective for crop yield prediction and breeding selection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0593.v1

Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Trapezoidal-Fin Heat Sinks

Ya-Chu Chang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: electronic cooling; computational fluid dynamics; heat sink

Online: 10 May 2024 (08:17:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0697.v1

Quantifying Inhaled Concentrations of Particulate Matter, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Nitric Oxide Using Observed Biometric Responses with Machine Learning

Shisir Ruwali, Shawhin Talebi, Bharana Fernando, Lakitha O. H. Wijeratne, John Waczak, Prabuddha Madusanka Hathurusinghe Dewage, David J. Lary, John Sadler, Tatiana Lary, Matthew Lary, Adam Aker

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Autonomic Response; Exposome; Micoenvironment; Air Quality; Biometric Observations; Machine Learning; Particulate Matter; CO2; NO2; NO

Online: 14 February 2024 (03:38:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1874.v1

Cytokine Profiling and Puberty Enhancement Post Altrenogest Feeding in Pre Pubertal Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Heifers

Sneha S H, Prahlad Singh, Navdeep Singh Ratta, Chanchal Singh, Mrigank Honparkhe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: AMH; buffalo; cytokines; estrogen; heifers; progesterone; puberty; Karl Pearson correlation

Online: 29 April 2024 (10:00:25 CEST)

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Cytokine and AMH profiling were done in prepubertal Murrah buffalo heifers post-progesterone supplementation and co-synchronization protocol. Cytokines: IFNγ, IL6, IL1, IL13, TNFα, and TGFβ, and, AMH, Progesterone and Estrogen hormone estimations were done. Ovarian follicular pattern and fertility outcome were recorded. Eighteen prepubertal heifers, 15-17 months of age, 250-300 kg BWt were randomly divided into 3 groups, Group1: n=6, supplemented with altrenogest 0.044mg/kg/day/heifer orally for 14 days along with Co-synch programme; Group2: n=6, administered CIDR for 14 days and co-synch programme, Group3: n=6, received co-synch programme. Ultrasonography was done to ovarian follicle status on respective days of sampling. Pregnancy diagnosis was done around 45 and 60 post-AI. Estradiol 17-β level remained constant in altrenogest group, CIDR implanted and Control groups during the Progesterone treatment and Co-synch treatment. Estradiol levels during Co-synch were significantly less on day 9 of Co-synch (14.41 ± 1.97 pg/mL) than day 0 and on day7 in pre pubertal buffalo heifers in altrenogest group. However, no significance was observed in other groups. Progesterone levels in buffalo heifers subjected to synchronisation protocols varied significantly (P< 0.05) on day 7 of P4 treatment between altrenogest supplemented and CIDR implanted groups, as well as, Co-synch groups. Supplementation of altrenogest showed a significant (P= 0.043) increase in Progesterone levels by day 14 of altrenogest treatment. Progesterone varied significantly in all Groups on day 9 of co synch protocol [ Group 1 (P= 0.02), Group 2 (P= 0.041) and Group 3 (P= 0.007)]. Cytokine IFN-γ showed high correlation with progesterone, indicating the role of IFN-γ in puberty in buffalo heifers (r= 0.626, P< 0.01). AMH had a significant positive correlation supplemented with altrenogest with IFN-γ (r= 0.673, P< 0.01) and TGF-β (r= 0.463, P< 0.01), whereas, with TNF-α it was a negatively correlated (r= -0.34, P< 0.05). Based on Karl Pearson correlation coefficients, IL-13 and TGF-β could be considered as markers for puberty in buffalo heifers.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0790.v1

The Impact of Different Velocity Loss on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Effects in Sprint Athletes

Liang Li, Ling Mo, Yanxu Liu, Tao Mei

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: post-activation performance enhancement; velocity-based strength training; velocity loss; sprinter

Online: 13 May 2024 (07:52:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0173.v1

Enhancement of orthodontic tooth movement by local administration of biofunctional molecules: a comprehensive systematic review

Cristina Dora Ciobotaru, Dana Feștilă, Elena Dinte, Alexandrina Muntean, Bianca Adina Boșca, Anca Ionel, Aranka Ilea

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: orthodontic tooth movement; tooth movement acceleration; biomolecules; drugs; local administration; topical formulation

Online: 2 July 2024 (09:45:44 CEST)

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Enhancement of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through local administration of biofunctional molecules has become increasingly significant, particularly for adult patients seeking aesthetic and functional improvements. This comprehensive systematic review analyzes the efficacy of various biofunctional molecules in modulating OTM, focusing on the method of administration and its feasibility, especially considering the potential for topical application. A search across multiple databases yielded 36 original articles of experimental human and animal OTM models, which examined biofunctional molecules capable of interfering with the biochemical reactions that cause tooth movement during orthodontic therapy, accelerating the OTM rate through their influence on the bone metabolism (Calcitriol, Prostaglandins, Recombinant human Relaxin, RANKL and RANKL expression plasmid, growth factors, PTH, osteocalcin, vitamin C and E, biocompatible reduced graphene oxide, exogenous thyroxine, sclerostin protein, a specific EP4 agonist (ONO-AE1-329), carrageenan and herbal extracts). The results indicated a variable efficacy in accelerating OTM, with Calcitriol, Prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGE2), RANKL, growth factors and PTH, among others, showing promising outcomes. PGE1, PGE2 and Calcitriol experiments had statistically significant outcomes in both human and animal studies, and, while other molecules underwent only animal testing, they could be validated in the future for human use. Notably, only one of the animal studies explored topical administration, which also suggests a future research direction. This review concluded that while certain biofunctional molecules demonstrated potential for OTM enhancement, the evidence is not definitive. The development of suitable topical formulations for human use could offer a patient-friendly alternative to injections, emphasizing comfort and cost-effectiveness. Future research should focus on overcoming current methodological limitations and advancing translational research to confirm these biomolecules' efficacy and safety in clinical orthodontic practice.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1734.v1

Synergistic Enhancement in the Mulberry Juice’s Antioxidant Activity by Using Lactic Acid Bacteria Co-culture Fermentation

Sanabil Yaqoob, Mostafa M. Gouda, Bismillah Mubeen, Aysha Imtiaz, Mian Shamas Murtaza, Kanza Aziz Awan, Abdur Rehman, Tawfiq Alsulami, Ibrahim Khalifa, Yongkun Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Fermentation; mulberry juice; antioxidant activity; co-culture; L. plantarum; L. casei, L. acidophilus; L. paracasei; L. helveticus

Online: 22 July 2024 (17:31:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0347.v1

The Uncertainty Principle and the Minimal Space-Time Length Element

David Escors, And Grazyna Kochan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: General relativity; uncertainty principle; geodesics; black hole singularity; quantum gravity; Planck star; Lorentz invariance violations.

Online: 18 August 2022 (11:06:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0362.v1

Study on the Stock Enhancement Capacity of Main Target Species in the Waters of Zhongjieshan Islands

Qu Yao, Zhongming Wang, Yongdong Zhou, Jun Liang, Kaida Xu, Yazhou Zhang, Zhenhua Li, Qian Dai, Qiuhong Zhang, Yongsheng Jiang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Ecopath model; Enhancement and releasing; Trophic level; Ecological carrying capacity; Energy flow

Online: 4 July 2024 (09:12:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1861.v1

Stability Analysis and Dynamic Simulations for Gravity Gradient of a Large Rigid Space Structure

Chenglei Tang, Jialiang Sun, Dongping Jin

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Stability analysis; Gravity gradient; Large rigid space structure; Orbit dynamics; Natural coordinate formulation

Online: 29 March 2024 (13:45:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0755.v1

Combined Response of Ocular Cyclotorsion and Head Tilt during Body Tilt

Se Joon Woo, Sang-Ho Hwang, Ki Young Chung, Hee Kyung Yang, Sang Beom Han, Jeong-Min Hwang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: cyclotorsion; tilt; vestibulo-ocular reflex; cervico-ocular reflex; optokinetic reflex

Online: 13 May 2024 (12:15:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0082.v2

A Field-Theory Approach for Modeling Dissipative Relativistic Fluids

Nils Andersson, Thomas Celora, Gregory Comer, Ian Hawke

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: relativistic fluids; dissipation; field theory

Online: 16 July 2024 (05:26:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1751.v1

CP Violation: Differing Binding Energy Levels of Quarks and Antiquarks, and their Transitions in Λ-baryons and B-mesons

Dimitris M Christodoulou, Demosthenes Kazanas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: CP Violation; Flavor Symmetries; Properties of Hadrons; Quark Masses; Quark-Gluon Plasma

Online: 22 July 2024 (14:44:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1534.v1

THz Wave Power Enhancement Using a Microstrip Line-based Combiner Integrated with Arrayed UTC-PDs

Hussein Ssali, Yoshiki Kamiura, Ryo Doi, Hiroki Agemori, Ming Che, Yuya Mikami, Kazutoshi Kato

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Microstrip line; patch antenna; terahertz wave; uni-travelling carrier photodiode; Wilkinson power combiner

Online: 23 April 2024 (17:18:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1833.v1

ResECA-Unet: Enhancement of GI Tract Segmentation Using an Improved U-Net Framework

SM Nuruzzaman Nobel, Omar Faruque Sifat, MD Rajibul Islam, MD Shohel Sayeed, Md Amiruzzaman

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: U-Net; Deep learning; Transfer learning; ECA-Net; Computer vision; GI tract; Segmentation; Radiation therapy

Online: 29 March 2024 (13:51:41 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1074.v1

A New Theory of Tree Sap Flow

András Török, Domokos Máthé, Imre Hegedus

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: plant water transport, suction-pressure pipe, pulsating system, different time-phase cycle, aquaporin

Online: 19 February 2024 (16:46:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1140.v1

CheapSE: Improving Magnitude-Based Speech Enhancement Using Self-Reference

Benzhe Dai, Kaijun Tan, Huidong Xue, Huaxiang Lu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Security Systems Keywords: GRU; Self-Reference; speech enhancement

Online: 19 March 2024 (11:20:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1554.v1

Exogenous Cytokinin 4-PU-30 Modulates the Response of Wheat and Einkorn Seedlings to UV-B Radiation

Elisaveta Kirova, Irina Moskova, Vasilissa Manova, Yana Koycheva, Zoia Tsekova, Denitsa Borisova, Hristo Nikolov, Ventzeslav Dimitrov, Iskren Sergiev, Konstantina Kocheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: antioxidant gene expression; flavonoids; oxidative stress; phenolic compounds; phenylurea-cytokinin; proline; remote sensing; ROS; spectral reflectance

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:58:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0789.v1

A Novel Approach for Enhancement of Security through Defining Spatial Secrecy Outage Probability in Industrial Internet of Things

Xiaokai Liu, Fangmin Xu, LiNang Ning, Chenglin Zhao, Hao XIA

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Industrial Internet of Things；Physical Layer Security；Wireless Communication；Spatial Secrecy Outage Probability

Online: 13 May 2024 (11:00:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1752.v1

DATIV – Remote Enhancement of Smart Aerosol Measurement System Using Raspberry Pi Based Distributed Sensors

Gazi Hasanuzzaman, Tom Buchwald, Christoph Schunk, Christoph Egbers, Andreas Schröder, Uwe Hampel

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: particulate matter; COVID-19; distributed sensors; Raspberry Pi; WiFi; open source; low cost measurement system; indoor ventilation

Online: 26 April 2024 (12:36:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1152.v1

Acceleration of Green Transitions on the Base of Port Organizational Ecosystem’s Resilience Enhancement: Socio-Technological Approach

Elena Valioniene, Erika Zuperkiene, Birute Placiene

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: port organizational ecosystem’ s resilience; green transitions; managerial capacities

Online: 16 September 2024 (10:03:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1350.v1

Comparation of CALPUFF and CFD Modeling of Toxic Gas Dispersion in Mountainous Environments

Mei Li, ChoHo Lo, Dongou Yang, Yuanchen Li, Zhe Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Mountainous Environment; High Sulphur Gas; CALPUFF; CFD; Atmospheric Dispersion Model

Online: 18 September 2024 (12:11:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1202.v1

Brain Injury: Response to Injury Wound Healing Mechanisms and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melvin R. Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Astrogliosis; Brain endothelial cells; Enlarged perivascular spaces; Microgliosis; Perivascular macrophages; Wound Healing

Online: 16 June 2023 (10:04:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0014.v1

The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Alessia Valentini, Carmine Cardillo, David Della-Morte, Manfredi Tesauro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs); Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT); Endothelial Dysfunction (ED); Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs); Insulin Resistance (IR); Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Online: 2 October 2023 (07:33:04 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1325.v2

Deep Learning-based Approach for Optimizing Urban Commercial Space Expansion Using Artificial Neural Networks

Dawei Yang, Jiahui Zhao, Ping Xu

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Commercial space; Points of interest; Deep learning; BP Neural Network

Online: 7 April 2024 (13:58:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0090.v1

Analyze PFG Anomalous Diffusion via Real Space and Phase Space Approaches

Guoxing Lin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: PFG anomalous diffusion; fractional derivative; NMR; MRI

Online: 14 December 2017 (11:27:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1155.v1

Belgrade’s Sustainable Transition: Reflections by Urban Planners on Change in Planning Urban Green Space

Sladana Milovanovic, Ivan Cvitković, Katarina Stojanović, Ante Klečina

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: urban green space; urban planner; urban governance; sustainable transition; Belgrade

Online: 15 July 2024 (12:09:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1558.v1

Anisotropic Filtering Based on WY Distribution and Multi-scale Energy Concentration Accumulation Method for Dim and Small Target Enhancement

Yang Wang, Nian Pan, Ping Jiang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Signal Processing Keywords: WY distribution function; Anisotropic filtering; Energy concentrated accumulation; Target enhancement

Online: 23 May 2024 (16:52:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0055.v1

Cultural Heritage Sites in Danger—Towards Automatic Damage Detection from Space

Daniele Cerra, Simon Plank, Vasiliki Lysandrou, Jiaojiao Tian

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Archaeology Keywords: change detection; Cultural Heritage; texture analysis

Online: 18 September 2016 (08:38:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0057.v1

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Typical Perturbation Forces on LEO Satellites Orbit Prediction at Different Altitudes

Yang Zhang, Shengmao He, Chao Peng, Yuchang Xu, Deyong Xian, Ran Li, Guang Yang, Hong Yuan

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: LEO constellations; Perturbation force; Gravitational field order; orbit prediction; Atmospheric density model

Online: 1 April 2024 (13:30:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0117.v2

Emergence of Time from Primordial Space and Expansion of Space with Time

Eckhard Rebhan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: space-time; generic space expansion; emergence of time; dark energy; quantum grav-ity; Wheeler-de Witt-equation; volume quantisation; friction by information transfer; information quantum

Online: 28 May 2024 (14:26:25 CEST)

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A model of space-time is presented, whose origin is set before the appearance of any universe. It uses concepts of previous work, a central one being that the information about the laws of nature is stored locally everywhere in space such that all physical processes obey them. Since information storage is bound to matter or energy, space is assumed to consist of dark energy (DE), which thus assumes an importance far beyond its function as a stopgap for an energy deficit in our universe ( U ). The primordial state (PS) is a timeless and relatively large space of 3 dimensions described by a Wheeler DeWitt (WDW) equation, whose solution is interpreted as an arrangement of very many space quanta and possesses properties that remind of the time-honored concept of the unmoved mover. The comparison of WDW solutions belonging to different mass densities of the DE favors one in which the space quanta are mini black holes. This allows the space quanta to be imagined as mass points which are kept at a distance compatible with the quantum volume by the Pauli principle or something equivalent. Triggered by a dramatic increase in probability, the PS is followed by a time-controlled sequence of quantized expansion states (ES i ). The concomitant emergence of time occurs in a lightning huge crash, consuming almost all DE of the PS. The subsequent quantized ES i emerge from a WDW equation, novelly derived from a solution of the modified cosmic momentum equation, which classically describes an exponential space expansion (CS). The huge volme of the ES i is also used as size of the PS. Information is assumed to be geometrically stored in arrangements of space quanta similar to how genetic information is stored in DNA molecules. During the CS information must be transferred from already existing "information quanta" to new ones. This requires time, slows down the expansion and is taken into account by a friction term in the cosmological momentum equation thus modified. Since the Friedmann-Lemaître (FL) equation remains fully valid, the model is widely based on recognized equations, so that some results may be understood as interpretations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1919.v1

Outlier Detection by Energy Minimization in Quantized Residual Preference Space for Geometric Model Fitting

Zhang Yun, Yang Bin, Zhao Xi, Shiqian Wu, Luo Bin, Liangpei Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: geometric model fitting; outlier detection; quantized residual; energy minimization

Online: 30 April 2024 (03:47:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1849.v1

Development and Enhancement of Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Reinforcement Learning: Improving Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance in Small-Scale Industrial Settings

Tharaga Sharmilan, Nadeesha Abeysekara

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: ; Automation; Dynamic Object Collision Avoidance; Reinforcement Learning; Robotics; 23 Small-Scale Manufacturing ;

Online: 26 August 2024 (17:06:03 CEST)

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The rapid development and integration of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) have 1 revolutionized industries by enhancing automation capabilities. A critical challenge in this evolution 2 is achieving effective navigation and obstacle avoidance, which are essential for deploying AMRs 3 seamlessly in varied environments. This paper presents a detailed exploration of AMR navigation 4 and obstacle avoidance advancements through the application of reinforcement learning, specifically 5 focusing on small-scale Sri Lankan manufacturing facilities. The study demonstrates the effectiveness 6 of Q-learning in managing dynamic obstacles within a factory environment. The AMR successfully 7 avoided obstacles in 36 out of 50 test runs, achieving a 72% success rate, and maintained an average 8 distance of 12 cm from each obstacle, underscoring the algorithm’s precision in maintaining safe nav- 9 igation paths while dynamically adapting to environmental changes. The continuous monitoring by 10 ultrasonic sensors, combined with iterative learning, enabled the robot to refine its decision-making 11 process and efficiently navigate through the environment. This paper also provides a comprehensive 12 examination of conventional methods, tracing their historical development and assessing their role in 13 addressing real-world challenges. The results highlight the significant improvements brought by rein- 14 forcement learning, particularly when integrated with sensor fusion and motor control technologies, 15 to enhance navigation and dynamic object collision avoidance. The study involves developing an 16 AMR prototype, refining algorithms, and assessing system performance in controlled environments. 17 By automating material transportation and addressing operational constraints in manufacturing 18 settings that predominantly rely on manual labor, this paper advances the practical deployment of 19 AMRs. Additionally, it discusses ethical considerations, potential limitations, and the importance 20 of real-world validation, offering valuable insights for the future development and integration of 21 autonomous mobile robotics in dynamic industrial environments.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1406.v1

Brain Endothelial Cells Play a Central Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Metabolic Syndrome

Melvin R. Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain capillary endothelial cell(s)

Online: 19 May 2023 (08:15:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0012.v1

An Efficient HVAC Network Control for Safety Enhancement of a Typical UPS Battery Storage Room

Mpho J. Lencwe, SP Daniel Chowdhury, Sipho Mahlangu, Maxwell Sibanyoni, and Louwrance Ngoma

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Air Handling Unit; Battery Room; HVACS; Network Control Panel; and Intrinsic Safe Barrier Module

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:11:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0089.v1

Scale-Dependent Light Scattering Analysis of Textured Structures on LED Light Extraction Enhancement Using Hybrid Full-Wave Finite-Difference Time-Domain and Ray-Tracing Methods

Tsung-Xian Lee, Ching-Chia Chou

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: Light-emitting diodes; Light extraction efficiency; Textured structures; Light scattering; BSDF, BRDF, and BTDF

Online: 15 March 2017 (00:12:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0363.v1

Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Nanoscale Thermometry in Biology

Anna Ermakova

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: fluorescent nanodiamonds; color center; nanoscale thermometry; temperature mapping; biological applications; living cells.

Online: 6 March 2024 (12:23:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0019.v2

Quantum Space and the Evolution of the Dark Universe

Carlos A. Melendres

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: quantum space; expansion of the universe; dark energy; thermodynamics; dark matter; plasma; recombination; vacuum energy; Cosmological Constant; Quintessence; spaceons

Online: 18 August 2017 (04:51:40 CEST)

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We present a model of space that considers it to be a quantized dynamical entity which is a component of the universe along with matter and radiation. The theory is used together with thermodynamic data to provide a new view of cosmic evolution and an insight into the nature of dark energy and dark matter. Space is made up of energy quanta. The universe started from an atomic size volume at very high temperature and pressure near the Planck epoch. Upon expansion and cooling, phase transitions occurred resulting in the formation of radiation, fundamental particles, and matter. These nucleate and grow into stars, galaxies, and clusters. From a phase diagram of cosmic composition, we obtained a correlation between dark energy and the energy of space. Using the Friedmann equations, data from WMAP studies of the composition of the universe at 3.0 x 10⁵ (a=5.25 x 10^-2) years and at present (a=1), are well fitted by our model with an equation of state parameter, w= -0.7. The accelerated expansion of the universe, starting at about 7 billion years, determined by BOSS measurements, also correlates well with the dominance of dark energy at 7.25 x 10⁹ years ( a= 0.65). The expansion can be attributed to Quintessence with a space force arising from a quantum space field. From our phase diagram, we also find a correlation suggesting that dark matter is a plasma form of matter similar to that which existed during the photon epoch immediately prior to recombination. Our Quantum Space Model leads to a universe which is homogeneous and isotropic without the need for inflation. The thermodynamics of expansion is consistent with BOSS data that show the process to be adiabatic and the rate of expansion decelerating during the first 6 billion years after the Big Bang. However, it became non-adiabatic and accelerating thereafter. This implies an influx of energy from a source outside the universe; it warrants consideration as a possible factor in the accelerated expansion of the universe.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1555.v1

Size-Dependent Disease Resistance Enhancement of Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Cowpea Plant Involved in Salicylic Acid Mediated Systemic Acquired Resistance for Fusarium Wilt Control

Chaopu Ding, Yunfei Zhang, Chongbin Chen, Junfang Wang, Mingda Qin, Yu Gu, Shujing Zhang, Lanying Wang, Yanping Luo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles; cowpea resistance; Fusarium wilt; salicylic acid; systemic acquired resistance

Online: 27 February 2024 (14:00:28 CET)

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In agriculture, soil-borne fungal pathogens, especially Fusarium oxysporum strains, are posing a serious threat to efforts to achieve global food security. In the search for safer agrochemicals, silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) have recently been proposed as a new tool to alleviate pathogen damage including Fusarium wilt. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs), a unique class of SiO2NPs, have been widely accepted as a desired pesticide carrier. However, their role in enhancing the disease resistance and the specific mechanism remain unknown. In this study, three sizes of HMSNs (19, 96 and 406 nm as HMSNs–19, HMSNs–96 and HMSNs–406, respectively) were synthesized and characterized to determine their effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseolus (FOP) suppression in cowpea roots by foliar spray using phenotypes, fresh biomass and disease progression as indicators. The results revealed that three HMSNs exhibited no adverse impacts on seed germination and tended to improve plant growth. Also, they exert their FOP suppression with a size- and concentration-dependent manner. HMSNs–406 possessed the best control effect at a concentration of 1000 mg/L showing an upto 40.00% decline in the disease severity. The Si(OH)4 control was also effective on FOP suppression at a lower concentration of 100 mg/L, whereas its higher concentrations exhibited obviously adverse impacts on FOP control, seed germination and plant growth. Moreover, we conformed that HMSNs posed their Fusarium wilt suppression in cowpea plant by activating SA (salicylic acid)-dependent SAR (systemic acquired resistance) responses rather than directly suppressing FOP. A higher level of SA content and elevated expression of its maker genes of PR-1 and PR-5 in HMSNs–406 treated cowpea roots provided substantial evidences of this mode of action. Other resistance-related genes, as well as defense-responsive enzymes, were also involved in the HMSNs-activated SAR pathway. Overall, for the first time, our results extended a new role of HMSNs as a potent elicitor to serve as a versatile alternative for plant disease protection of low cost, highly efficiency and sustainability.

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