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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0157.v1

Identify the Mathematical Models Generated by the Table Curve 3 D Program

Emilian Mosnegutu, Mirela Panainte-Lehadus, Valentin Nedeff, Claudia Tomozei, Narcis Barsan, Dana Chitimus, Marcin Jasinski

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: mathematical models; Table Curve 3D; correlation coefficient

Online: 11 February 2022 (08:35:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1710.v1

Visualizing the Atmospheric Wind Flow Animation and Optimizing Air Flow Data in Digital Twin Based Environmental Impact Assessments

Sanghee Shin, Hakjoon Kim, Sungdo Son, Dongjin Kang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: digital twin; environmental impact assessments; visualization; Spatio-temporal; 4D

Online: 29 February 2024 (13:02:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0201.v1

Biocompatibility Evaluation and Enhancement of Elastomeric Coatings Made Using Table-top Optical 3D Printer

Giedrė Grigalevičiūtė, Daiva Baltriukienė, Virginija Bukelskienė, Mangirdas Malinauskas

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: stereolithography; elastomer; biocompatibility; post-processing; UV curing; thermal treatment; optical 3D printing

Online: 18 January 2020 (10:07:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0150.v1

3D Printing of Cytocompatible Water-Based Light-Cured Polyurethane with Hyaluronic Acid for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications

Ming-You Shie, Wen-Ching Chang, Li-Ju Wei, Yu-Hsin Huang, Chien-Han Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Yu-Fang Shen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: water-based polyurethane; hyaluronic acid; cartilage tissue engineering; scaffold

Online: 30 November 2016 (04:28:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0922.v1

An Efficient Process for the Management of Deterioration and Conservation of Architectural Heritage. The HBIM Project of the Duomo of Molfetta (Italy)

Juan Enrique Nieto-Julián, Silvana Bruno, Juan Moyano

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Architectural heritage; Conservation of the Duomo di Molfetta; Deterioration of masonry; HBIM; Semantic segmentation; Scan to BIM

Online: 13 August 2024 (13:10:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1061.v1

Enhancing Reliability in Wind Turbine Power Curve Estimation

Pere Marti-Puig, José Ángel Hernández, Jordi Solé-Casals, Moisès Serra-Serra

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Wind Power Curve Modeling; Artificial neural networks (ANN); Wind Turbine (WT); SCADA Data.; Industrial AI

Online: 19 February 2024 (12:24:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1142.v1

Effect of Virtual Reality Technology in Table Tennis Teaching: A Multi-Center Controlled Study

Tingyu Ma, Wenhao Du, Qiufen Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: virtual reality; table tennis; sports education; skill acquisition; learning motivation; training effectiveness

Online: 18 September 2024 (02:26:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1528.v1

Assessing Nitrogen Fertilization in Processing Pepper: Critical Nitrogen Curve, and Crop Yield Response

Jose Maria Vadillo, Carlos Campillo, Valme Gonzalez, Henar Prieto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: horticulture; open field; vegetative development; fruit production

Online: 20 September 2024 (03:13:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0213.v1

Quasi Cubic Trigonometric Curve and Surface

Guicang Zhang, Kai Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computational Mathematics Keywords: Quasi Extended Chebyshev space; optimal normalized totally positive basis; high-order continuity; shape preserving; shape features

Online: 18 October 2019 (11:33:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0265.v1

A Symmetry Motivated Link Table

Shawn Witte, Michelle Flanner, Mariel Vazquez

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: writhe; chirality; nomenclature; link symmetries; link table; knot table; lattice polygons; DNA topology

Online: 15 August 2018 (05:18:48 CEST)

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Proper identification of oriented knots and 2-component links requires a precise link nomenclature. Motivated by questions arising in DNA topology, this study aims to produce a nomenclature unambiguous with respect to link symmetries. For knots, this involves distinguishing a knot type from its mirror image. In the case of 2-component links, there are up to sixteen possible symmetry types for each topology. The study revisits the methods previously used to disambiguate chiral knots and extends them to oriented 2-component links with up to nine crossings. Monte Carlo simulations are used to report on writhe, a geometric indicator of chirality. There are ninety-two prime 2-component links with up to nine crossings. Guided by geometrical data, linking number and the symmetry groups of 2-component links, a canonical link diagram for each link type is proposed. All diagrams but six were unambiguously chosen (

8_{1}^{2} 5

,

9_{5}^{2}

,

9_{3}^{2} 4

,

9_{3}^{2} 5

,

9_{3}^{2} 9

, and

9_{4}^{2} 1

). We include complete tables for prime knots with up to ten crossings and prime links with up to nine crossings. We also prove a result on the behavior of the writhe under local lattice moves.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1260.v1

Role of Pre-harvest Sorbitol-Calcium Treatments in Controlling Berry Drop in Bagged Table Grapes of the "Doña María" Variety

Alberto Guirao, Juan Miguel Valverde, Huertas María Díaz-Mula, Daniel Valero, María Serrano, Domingo Martínez-Romero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Vitis vinífera, polyol, postharvest, shattering, ABA, MDA, organic acids, polyphenols; sugars

Online: 18 June 2024 (12:28:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0090.v1

Clustering and Curve Fitting by Line Segments

Hrishikesh D. Vinod, Fred Viole

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: clustering; curve fitting; nonparametric regression; smoothing data; polynomial approximation

Online: 10 January 2018 (09:48:23 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Hyperspectral Imaging to Characterize Table Grapes

Mario Gabrielli, Vanessa Lançon-Verdier, Pierre Picouet, Chantal Maury

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: Hyperspectral Imaging, Phenolics, Anthocyanin, Table Grapes, Total Soluble Solid, PLS, MLR, Model.

Online: 1 February 2021 (12:35:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1477.v1

Advancing Skarn Iron Ore Detection Through Multispectral Image Fusion and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN)

Jabir Abubakar, Zhaochong Zhang, Zhiguo Cheng, Fojun Yao, Abdoul-Aziz BIO SIDI D. BOUKO

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Aster bands; Band ratio (BR) images; Principal Component (PC) bands; 3D-CNN

Online: 23 April 2024 (09:44:59 CEST)

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This study explores novel techniques to improve the detection accuracy of skarn iron deposits using advanced image processing methodologies. Leveraging the capabilities of Aster image, Band Ratio (BR) images, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), alongside the power of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN), the research aims to enhance the precision and efficiency of ore detection in complex geological environments. The proposed method employs a specific 3D-CNN architecture, accepting input as a 7×7×C image patch, where C represents the combined number of selected Aster image bands, Principal Component (PC) bands, and computed BR images. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, five distinct image bands combinations, including the proposed bands combination, were tested and evaluated based on the overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA), and kappa coefficient. The results demonstrated that while the incorporation of BR images alongside Aster bands initially seemed promising, it introduced significant confusion in certain classifications, leading to unexpected mis-classification rates. Surprisingly, utilizing solely Aster bands as input parameters yielded higher accuracy rates (OA= 93.13%, AA = 91.96%, Kappa = 90.91%) compared to scenarios involving the integration with band ratios (OA = 87.02%, AA = 79.15, and Kappa = 82.60%) or the integration of BR images to PC bands (OA= 87.78%, AA = 82.39%, Kappa = 83.81%). However, the amalgamation of Aster bands with selected PC bands showed slight improvements in accuracy (OA= 94.65%, AA = 92.93%, Kappa = 93.45%), although challenges in accurately classifying certain features persisted. Ultimately, the proposed combination of Aster bands, PC bands, and BR images (proposed bands combination) presented the most visually appealing and statistically accurate results (OA = 96.95%, AA= 94.87%, and Kappa = 95.93%), effectively addressing misclassifications observed in the other combinations. These findings underscore the synergistic contributions of each of the Aster bands, PC bands, and BR images, with Aster bands proving pivotal for optimal skarn classification, PC bands enhancing intrusions classification accuracy, and BR images strengthening wall rock classification accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed combination of input image bands emerges as a robust and comprehensive methodology, demonstrating unparalleled accuracy in the remote sensing detection of skarn iron minerals.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0619.v3

Predicting Wealth using Intelligent Quotient, Emotional Awareness, and Culture

Azad Kabir, Raeed Kabir

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: Wealth curve; Intelligence quotient (IQ); Emotional Intelligence (EI); Emotional Awareness (EA)

Online: 23 April 2023 (06:05:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0269.v1

Wind Turbine Power Curve Upgrades

Davide Astolfi, Francesco Castellani, Ludovico Terzi

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: wind energy; wind turbines; SCADA; retrofitting; performance evaluation

Online: 20 April 2018 (14:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1504.v1

Force Directed 3D Graph Visualization Algorithm

Alexander Brezani, Jozef Kostolny, Michal Zabovsky

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: graph visualization; spring embedders; force-directed algorithms; 3D visualization; Unity Engine

Online: 23 April 2024 (08:48:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1524.v1

Global Dynamics of Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Cross-Correlation Analysis of Income and CO2 Emissions

Dora Almeida, Luísa Carvalho, Paulo Ferreira, Andreia Dionísio, Inzamam Ul Haq

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Environmental Kuznets curve; CO2 emissions; Economic growth; Cross-correlation analysis; Income levels; Sustainable development

Online: 19 July 2024 (06:35:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1333.v1

Regenerative Cosmetics: Skin Tissue Engineering for Anti-Aging, Repair, and Hair Restoration

Paula Pleguezuelos- Beltrán, Sara Herráiz-Gil, Daniel Martínez-Moreno, Iria Medraño-Fernandez, Carlos León, Sara Guerrero-Aspizua

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Regenerative cosmetics; skin; tissue engineering; hair restoration; hair follicles; anti-aging; regenerative medicine.

Online: 20 June 2024 (11:49:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1819.v2

3D-Printed Phenylboronic Acid-Bearing Hydrogels for Glucose-Triggered Drug Release

Jeremy Odent, Nicolas Baleine, Serena Maria Torcasio, Sarah Gautier, Olivier Coulembier, Jean-Marie Raquez

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: 3D printing; drug eluting implants; glucose responsiveness

Online: 20 August 2024 (12:36:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0955.v5

Decaying Turbulence as a Fractal Curve

Alexander Migdal

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Turbulence; Fractal; Anomalous dissipation; Fixed point; Velocity circulation; Loop Equations

Online: 6 July 2023 (10:17:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2075.v1

3D Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes Based on Neural Implicit

Zhaoji Lin, Yutao Huang, Li Yao

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: 3D reconstruction; indoor scene; neural radiance fields; signed distance function; normal prior; mesh

Online: 29 August 2024 (03:13:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0082.v1

Analysis of Inflection and Singular Points on Parametric Curve with a Shape Factor

Zhi Liu, Chen Li, Jieqing Tan, Xiaoyan Chen

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computational Mathematics Keywords: shape factor; singular points; inflection points; local convexity; global convexity

Online: 23 September 2016 (08:04:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0324.v1

Shaking Table Testing of Reinforced Concrete IMRF Structure

Sida Hussain, Hamna Shakeel, Asif Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Naveed Ahmad

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: joint shear capacity; ACI-318-19; ductility factor; IMRF; reinforced concrete

Online: 21 October 2022 (08:37:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0287.v1

Continual Learning for Table Detection in Document Images

Mohammad Minouei, Khurram Azeem Hashmi, Mohammad Reza Soheili, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, Didier Stricker

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: table detection; document layout analysis; continual learning; incremental learning; experience replay

Online: 16 August 2022 (10:56:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1456.v1

3D Stereophotogrammetry in the Evaluation of Pediatric OSAS: Preliminary Results

Marzia Segu, Valentina Fainardi, Christian Longhi, Antonio Santagostini, Benedetta Vaienti, Marco Di Blasio, Sara Tagliaferri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: sleep apnea syndrome; sleep disturbance; facial morphology; orthodontic; stereophotogrammetric method

Online: 19 September 2024 (12:47:26 CEST)

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Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and involves intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, with potentially serious consequences for affected patients. (1–3). Although nocturnal polysomnography is the gold standard, it is an exam that is not readily available and is very expensive. (4). Hence, the need to find new diagnostic methods. Considering that the causes of OSAS can be divided into anatomical-structural ones, related to craniofacial anomalies, it has been hypothesized that anthropometric measurements taken by new 3D stereophotogrammetric systems could be useful as a diagnostic tool in pediatric patients with OSAS (5) (6). The primary objective of the study is, therefore, to evaluate the correlation between mandibular length measured between menton and gonion, obtained through 3D stereophotogrammetry using the "Face Scanner maxi 6", and the severity of OSAS (AHI classification), defined by the score of the Sleep Clinical Record (SCR) questionnaire in a group of pediatric patients with suspected obstructive sleep disorders. The secondary objective concerns the identification of possible correlations between other mandibular parameters estimated by 3D stereophotogrammetry and the severity of OSAS, defined by the McGill Oximetry Score (MOS), and the association between MOS and SCR to determine the AHI level. Materials and methods: The study considered patients who were prescribed a pulseoximetry exam due to suspected obstructive sleep disorders. All participating patients underwent a specialized orthodontic examination, which included completing the SCR questionnaire and taking facial photographs using a 3D stereophotogrammetric system. The SCR questionnaire considers 11 dental, nasal, oropharyngeal, and facial phenotype parameters to determine a final score from 0 to 18, indicating the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The acquired stereophotogrammetric images were processed using dedicated software to obtain a three-dimensional model representing the patient's facial phenotype. Subsequently, anatomical landmarks and relevant anthropometric measurements were identified on the model, and it was assessed whether one or more of these showed concordance criteria with the parameters derived from SCR and MOS. The anthropometric evaluation was performed by expert operators, taking into account mandibular variables. Results: Fifteen patients were analyzed, with 2 excluded due to alterations in the stereophotogrammetric images caused by poor patient cooperation during the acquisition of the photographs. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric measurements, obtained by 3D stereophotogrammetry, and OSAS severity, by means of SCR, MOS, and SCR+MOS. A significant and negative correlation was observed between right mandibular length (gonion-menton) and MOS (ρ=−0.586, p=0.036). Conclusions: The result obtained has important implications for the field of study and suggests that future attention should focus more on the mandibular length variable as a determining factor for OSAS. However, the sample examined was relatively small, which might obscure the correlation with contralateral mandibular length and potential correlations with other mandibular/facial parameters. Additionally, the small sample size prevented stratification by sex and age. The study thus provides an important contribution to understanding the relationships between 3D stereophotogrammetry and pediatric OSAS but also highlights the need for further research that could potentially influence future developments in diagnosing OSAS in children.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0144.v1

Statistical Study on Crash Frequency Model Using GNB Models of Freeway Sharp Horizontal Curve Based on Interactive Influence of 3 Explanatory Variables

Yanjie Zeng, Xiaofei Wang, Lineng Liu, Xinwei Li, Caifeng Jiang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: freeway; crash prediction model (CPM); sharp horizontal curve segment (SHCS); interactive influence among three explanatory variables; generalized negative binomial (GNB)

Online: 15 August 2016 (09:47:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0857.v1

Multi-head Attention Refiner For Many View 3d Reconstruction

Kyunghee Lee, Ihjoon Cho, Boseung Yang, Unsang Park

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: multi-view 3D reconstruction; attention mechanism; multi-head attention; refiner; object boundary prediction

Online: 10 July 2024 (23:59:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1251.v1

Improved Curve–Flattening for Flexible Space Robotics

Wenxin Li, Timothy Sands

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: robotics; flexible; control; structural filter; space robotics

Online: 30 April 2023 (03:39:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0435.v1

Flattening the Curve of Flexible Space Robotics

Timothy Sands

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: robotics; monitoring; repair; replace; infrastructure; space robotics; flexible; structural-controls interaction; trajectory shaping

Online: 28 January 2022 (12:12:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0176.v1

Bézier Curve Modeling for Neutrosophic Data Problem

Ferhat Taş, Selçuk Topal

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: neutrosophic sets; neutrosophic logic; bézier curve

Online: 27 April 2017 (02:54:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1340.v1

Progress in the Application of 3D Skin Models for Cosmetic Assessment

Chen Shuxian, Wang Qin, Ding Yunlian, Li Shenjia, Yu Ruilian

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: 3D skin model; Cosmetics; In vitro assessment; Efficacy evaluation

Online: 23 February 2024 (09:22:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1048.v1

Thin Sheet Material Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness Measurements Using 3D Printed Test Setup

Eduards Lobanovs, Gatis Supols, Vents Riekstins

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: electromagnetic shielding; shielding effectiveness; test method

Online: 12 July 2024 (11:28:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0806.v1

The Impact of Forest Quality on Carbon Emission: A Study of China based on Environmental Kuznets Curve

Yuwen Zhang, Xiaolan Wu, Shengyuan Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Forest quality; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Symbiotic System; Emission Reduction Pathway

Online: 10 September 2024 (11:13:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0360.v1

HybridTabNet: Towards Better Table Detection in Scanned Document Images

Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, Khurram Hashmi, Marcus Liwicki, Didier Stricker, Danish Nazir, Alain Pagani

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Table detection, table localization, deep learning, Hybrid Task Cascade, Object detection, deformable convolution, deep neural networks, computer vision, scanned document images, document image analysis.

Online: 17 August 2021 (10:26:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0497.v1

Evaluation of Mis-Selection of Boundary Vertebrae and Its Effect on Measuring Cobb Angle and Curve Length in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

José Hurtado-Avilés, Vicente J. León-Muñoz, Fernando Santonja-Medina, Paolo Raimondi, Francisco Martínez-Martínez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Cobb angle; measurement errors; radiographic Assessment; spine curvature

Online: 7 June 2024 (15:16:27 CEST)

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The Cobb angle is critical in assessing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the error in selecting the cranial and caudal limit vertebrae on AIS digital X-rays of experienced and novice observers and its correlation with the error in measuring the Cobb angle and determining the length of the scoliotic curves. Using the TraumaMeter v.873 software, eight raters (four experienced and four novices) independently evaluated 68 scoliotic curves on 42 AIS X-rays across three sessions one month apart according to Hopkins’ criteria of absolute reliability. Two spine specialist experts using the Cobb method established the gold standard measurements. The percentage of error in the selection of the cranial vertebrae (the most-tilted vertebra above the apex) is higher than in the caudal vertebrae (the most-tilted vertebrae below the apex) (44.7%, CI95% 41.05-48.3 compared to 35%, CI95% 29.7-40.4). The error in the choice of the most tilted vertebrae, in number of vertebrae per scoliotic curve, was MBE (mean bias error) =0.45, CI95% 0.38-0.52 in the cranial and MBE=0.35, CI% 0.69-0.91 in the caudal. The percentage of errors in the choice of boundary vertebrae is lower for the experienced than for the novices, both in cranial and caudal. The experienced chose at least one boundary vertebrae incorrectly in 52% of the meas-urements and the novices in 65.1%. The error in the Cobb angle did not depend on the number of boundary vertebrae chosen incorrectly (r=0.198, p=0.111). Of the 50% of Cobb angle measurements closest to the actual value, 55.4% (454) were obtained by incorrectly selecting at least one boundary vertebra. There was a positive correlation (r=0.673, p=0.000) between the error in selecting the boundary vertebrae and the error in determining the length of the scoliotic curves. The error in quantifying the length of scoliotic curves was MBE=0.43, CI95% 0.35-0.51 vertebrae per curve. We can conclude that errors in selecting boundary vertebrae are common among experienced and novice observers, with a greater frequency of error in the cranial vertebrae. There is no correlation between the error in selecting the boundary vertebrae and the error in measuring the Cobb angle. Contrary to the consensus, the accuracy of determining the length of the scoliotic curve is limited by the Cobb method’s reliance on the correct selection of boundary vertebrae. Inappropriate choice of boundary vertebrae leads to an estimated error in determining the length of the scoliotic curves of 0.805 vertebrae for each boundary vertebra chosen incorrectly.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0858.v6

Detecting CSV File Dialects by Table Uniformity Measurement and Data Type Inference

Wilfredo García

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Data Structures, Algorithms And Complexity Keywords: comma separated values; CSV dialect detection; data mining

Online: 18 March 2024 (07:25:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1992.v1

A Structured Light 3D Reconstruction Method Based on Neural Network

Chengcheng Li, Jiancong Chen, Xueli Chen

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: 3D reconstruction; neural network; structured light; phase and height calibration

Online: 28 June 2024 (12:08:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0871.v1

Enhanced Multi-Scale Attention-Driven 3D Human Reconstruction from Single Image

Yong Ren, Mingquan Zhou, Pengbo Zhou, Shibo Wang, Yangyang Liu, Guohua Geng, Kang Li, Xin Cao

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: enhancing multi-scale attention; single image; normal map; human reconstruction

Online: 11 September 2024 (10:34:23 CEST)

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Due to the inherent limitations of a single viewpoint, reconstructing 3D human meshes 1 from a single image has long been a challenging task. While deep learning networks enable us to 2 approximate the shape of unseen sides, capturing the texture details of the non-visible side remains 3 difficult with just one image. Traditional methods utilize Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) 4 to predict the normal maps of the non-visible side, thereby inferring detailed textures and wrinkles 5 on the model’s surface. However, we have identified challenges with existing normal prediction 6 networks when dealing with complex scenes, such as a lack of focus on local features and insufficient 7 modeling of spatial relationships.To address these challenges, we introduce EMAR—Enhanced 8 Multi-scale Attention-driven Single Image 3D Human Reconstruction. This approach incorporates 9 a novel Enhanced Multi-Scale Attention (EMSA) mechanism, which excels at capturing intricate 10 features and global relationships in complex scenes. EMSA surpasses traditional single-scale attention 11 mechanisms by adaptively adjusting the weights between features, enabling the network to more 12 effectively leverage information across various scales.Furthermore, we have improved the feature 13 fusion method to better integrate representations from different scales. This enhanced feature fusion 14 allows the network to more comprehensively understand both fine details and global structures 15 within the image. Finally, we have designed a hybrid loss function tailored to the introduced attention 16 mechanism and feature fusion method, optimizing the network’s training process and enhancing the 17 quality of reconstruction results.Our network demonstrates significant improvements in performance 18 for 3D human model reconstruction. Experimental results show that our method exhibits greater 19 robustness to challenging poses compared to traditional single-scale approaches.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0292.v1

Nutrient-Dense African Indigenous Vegetables and Grains in the FAO Food Composition Table for Western Africa (WAFCT) Identified Using Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) Scores

Jonathan Lara-Arevalo, Amos Laar, Maria Pia Chaparro, and Adam Drewnowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: nutrient profiling; nutrient rich foods (NRF index); priority micronutrients; African indigenous vegetables; African indigenous grains; animal-source foods

Online: 5 August 2024 (10:24:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0051.v1

Search for QPOs in the Light Curve of the Blazar OJ287: Preliminary Results from 2015/16 Observing Campaign

S. Zola, M. Valtonen, G. Bhatta, A. Goyal, B. Debski, A. Baran, J. Krzesinski, M. Siwak, S. Ciprini, A. Gopakumar, H. Jermak, K. Nilsson, D. Reichart, K. Matsumoto, K. Sadakane, K. Gazeas, M. Kidger, V. Piirola, F. Alicavus, K.S. Baliyan, A. Berdyugin, D. Boyd, M. Campas Torrent, F. Campos, J. Carrillo Gomez, D.B. Caton, V. Chavushyan, J. Dalessio, D. Dimitrov, M. Drozdz, A. Erdem, A. Escartin Perez, V. Fallah Ramazani, A.V. Filippenko, F. Garcia, F. Gomez Pinilla, M. Gopinathan, J.B. Haislip, J. Harmanen, G. Hurst, K.M. Ivarsen, M. Jelinek, A. Joshi, M. Kagitani, N. Kaur, N. Karaman, W.C. Keel, A.P. LaCluyze, B.C. Lee, E. Lindfors, J. Lozano De Haro, J.P. Moore, R. Naves Nogues, A.W. Neely, R.H. Nelson, W. Ogloza, S. Okano, J.C. Pandey, M. Perri, P. Pihajoki, G. Poyner, J. Provencal, T. Pursimo, A. Raj, R. Reinthal, S. Sadegi, T. Sakanoi, J.-L. Salto Gonzales, T. Schweyer, F.C. Soldan Alfaro, E. Sonbas, I. Steele, J.T. Stocke, J. Strobl, L.O. Takalo, T. Tomov, L. Tremosa Espasa, J.R. Valdes, J. Valero Perez, F. Verrecchia, J.R. Webb, M. Yoneda, M. Zejmo, W. Zheng, J. Telting, J. Saario, T. Reynolds, A. Kvammen, E. Gafton, R. Karjalainen, P. Blay

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual (OJ 287); super massive black holes

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:46:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1982.v1

Investigating Elbow Dislocation and Instability: A 3D Finite Element Analysis Approach

Samer Al Kork, Karim Youssef, Sherif Said, Fahmi Elsayed, Taha Beyrouthy, Abdullah Karar, Zaher Al Barakeh, Edward Abraham, Farid Amirouche

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Finite Element Modeling; Elbow Dislocation; MRI; CT Scan; Simpleware ScanIP; bio-mechanics; Ansys; sport injury

Online: 29 May 2024 (14:59:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1788.v1

PI3SO: a Spectroscopic γ-Ray Scanner Table for Sort and Segregate Radwaste Analysis

Gaetano Elio Poma, Chiara Rita Failla, Simone Amaducci, Luigi Cosentino, Fabio Longhitano, Gianfranco Vecchio, Paolo Finocchiaro

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: gamma ray scanner; hot spot finding; gamma spectroscopy; radioactive waste management; sort and segregate.

Online: 26 June 2024 (12:28:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1182.v1

Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins: Fine-Tuning to the ELISA Test on Table Olives

Alessandro Cammerata, Viviana Del Frate, Tiziana Monforte, Elio Romano

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: table olives; ochratoxin A; aflatoxins; ELISA; LC-MS/MS

Online: 16 August 2023 (10:31:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0192.v1

Table in Gradshteyn and Ryzhik: Derivation of definite integrals of a Hyperbolic Function

Robert Reynolds, Allan Stauffer

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: entries in Gradshteyn and Rhyzik, Lerch function, Logarithm function, Contour Integral, Cauchy, Infinite Integral

Online: 10 May 2021 (13:51:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0145.v1

Seismic Behavior of Stone Pagoda Structure by Shaking Table Test

Ho-Soo Kim, Dong-Kwan Kim, Geon-Woo Jeon, Sang-Sun Jo, Se-Hyun Kim

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Stone pagoda; Masonry structure; Shaking table test; Earthquake resistance; Seismic behavior

Online: 4 March 2021 (09:15:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0335.v1

Effect of Model Body Type and Print Angle on the Accuracy of 3D-Printed Orthodontic Models

Stefan Lohfeld, Bryndon Belnap, Jean-Marc Retrouvey, Mary P. Walker

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: digital dentistry; 3D printing; accuracy; orthodontic models; clear aligners

Online: 6 March 2024 (13:58:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1686.v1

Dynamic 3D Point Cloud Driven Autonomous Hierarchical Path Planning for Quadruped Robots

Qi Zhang, Ruiya Li, Jubiao Sun, Li Wei, Jun Huang, Yuegang Tan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: Quadruped robots; 3D point cloud; complex terrain; dynamic obstacles; particle swarm optimization (PSO); artificial potential field (APF); dynamic window approach (DWA)

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:41:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0822.v1

3D Organoid Models in Cancer Immunotherapy: Bioengineering Approach for Personalized Treatment

Syarifah Tiara Noorintan, Chelsie Angelius, Fuad Gandhi Torizal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 3D organoid models; Cancer immunotherapy; Personalized treatment; Bioengineering; Culture methods

Online: 12 August 2024 (12:49:00 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Flattening COVID-19 Curve in Egypt: An Epidemiological Modelling

Ali Hasab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Egypt; Epidemic SIR Model; Pandemic; Flattening the curve

Online: 14 May 2020 (15:12:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0326.v1

Curve Path Detection in Autonomous Vehicle using Deep Learning

Balasriram Kodi, Manimozhi M

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles, lane detection, curve path detection, convolutional neural networks, deep learning

Online: 24 May 2018 (04:56:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0061.v1

Curve Number Applications for Restoration the Zarqa River Basin

Maisa'a W. Shammout, Muhammad Shatanawi, Jim Nelson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: water scarcity; watershed restoration; land use distribution; soil type; curve number; Zarqa River’s flow simulation; end-users

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:59:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2126.v1

Impact of Operating Table Height on the Difficulty of Mask Ventilation and Laryngoscopic View

Tsuyoshi Ikeda, Hirotsugu Miyoshi, Guo-Qiang Xia, Kenshiro Kido, Ayako Sumii, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Satoshi Kamiya, Soshi Narasaki, Takahiro Kato, Yasuo M Tsutsumi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: airway management; mask ventilation; laryngoscopic view; operating table height

Online: 29 August 2024 (09:15:48 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1402.v1

The Accuracy of 3D-Printed Fixed Dental Restorations

Amirah Alammar, Wael Att, Florian Beuer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: 3d-printing; polymer-based materials; accuracy; FDPs; DLP; SLA; CAD/CAM

Online: 27 February 2024 (10:15:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1364.v1

An Indoor 3D Positioning Method Using Terrain Feature Matching for PDR Error Calibration

Xintong Chen, Yuxin Xie, Zihan Zhou, Yingying He, Qianli Wang, Zhuming Chen

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: indoor three-dimensional positioning; PDR; terrain features; feature matching; pattern recognition

Online: 23 February 2024 (09:46:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0785.v1

3D Simulation-Driven Design of a Microfluidic Immunosensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Sweat Biomarkers

Nessrine JEBARI, Elisabeth Dufour-Gergam, Mehdi AMMAR

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: microfluidic immunosensor; 3D simulation; capacitive sensing; magnetofluidic manipulation; real-time monitoring

Online: 10 July 2024 (11:54:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1671.v1

3D Printed K-band Radar Stealth Lightweight Material with Lotus Leaf Structure

Chuangji Liu, Yingjie Xu, Beiqing Huang, Wan Zhang, Yuxin Wang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: K-band radar stealth; UV cured polymer composites; 3D printing technology; biomimetic lotus leaf antireflection structure; self-cleaning surface; lightweight material

Online: 23 August 2024 (04:10:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0945.v1

Coastal Copper Tailings Dispersal: 3D Mapping And Shoreline Impacts, Particle Migration, Leaching, And Toxicity

W. Charles Kerfoot, Gary Swain, Robert Regis, Varsha K. Raman, Colin N. Brooks, Chris Cook, Molly Reif

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Coastal Mine Tailings, Keweenaw Peninsula, LiDAR 3D Bathymetry, UAS drone studies, Particle Dispersal, Specific Gravity, Copper Concentrations, Buffalo Reef, Mohawkite Arsenic, Toxicity, Daphnia

Online: 15 April 2024 (10:32:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0987.v1

3D FEM Modeling of Polish Apple ‘Chopin’: Elastic vs. Elastoplastic Behavior Across Maturity Stages

Monika Słupska, Roman Stopa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: discrete model; FEM; apple; fruit; stage of ripening

Online: 12 September 2024 (09:23:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0767.v1

Isometric Force-Time Curve Assessment: Accuracy, Precision and Repeatability of a Mobile Application and Portable and Lightweight Device—The DINABANG^®

Dario Santos, Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga, Franco Simini, Rodrigo Zacca

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: exercise; health; physical fitness; rehabilitation; physical therapy; strength assessment; exercise physiology; sports biomechanics; digital technology

Online: 12 August 2024 (09:58:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0773.v1

A New Definition of Dual Spline Curves for Curve Modeling and Geometry Defeaturing

Baotao Chi, Shengmin Bai, Qianjian Guo, Yaoming Zhang, Wei Yuan, Can Li

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: Dual spline curves; Adaptive curve refinement; Curve modeling; Geometry defeaturing

Online: 12 July 2023 (05:50:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0487.v1

Modelling Buildings in CityGML LOD1: Building Parts, Terrain Intersection Curve and Address Features

Evgeny Shirinyan, Dessislava Petrova-Antonova

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: 3D City Model; CityGML 2.0; Spatial Data Integration

Online: 30 December 2021 (12:51:35 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0466.v1

R-Curve Behavior of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)–Epoxy Nanocomposites

Kunal Mishra, Raman Singh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: Polymer matrix composites; POSS; Fracture mechanics; J-integral; Stress intensity factor; Scanning electron microscopy

Online: 31 October 2022 (06:19:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1794.v1

JAK/STAT Inhibition Normalizes Lipid Composition in 3D Human Epidermal Equivalents Challenged with Th2 Cytokines

Enrica Flori, Alessia Cavallo, Sarah Mosca, Daniela Kovacs, Carlo Cota, Marco Zaccarini, Anna Di Nardo, Grazia Bottillo, Miriam Maiellaro, Emanuela Camera, Giorgia Cardinali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: 3D-Skin model; Th2 cytokines; skin lipidomics; JAK/STAT; Atopic Dermatitis

Online: 29 March 2024 (11:24:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0585.v1

Nutritional Data on Selected Food Products Consumed in Oman: An Update of the Food Composition Table and Use for Future Food Consumption Surveys

Salima Almaamari, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh, Ibtisam Al Ghammari, Saleh Al Shammakhi, Jokha Al Aamri, Jalila El Ati

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: laboratory values; nutrition label; ultra-processed products; NOVA system; nutrient profile; FoodEx2 system; traffic light label

Online: 9 February 2024 (11:45:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0373.v1

Image Judgment Auxiliary System for Table Tennis Umpiring Under Low Light Conditions

Chang-Hung Hung

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: table tennis; hue-saturation-value (HSV) image segmentation; low light source; automatic tracking

Online: 20 July 2018 (04:36:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1802.v1

Enhancing Submandibular Gland Resection: A Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of the ORBEYE 3D Exoscope

Masao Yagi, Mizuki Morita, Tomofumi Sakagami, Minaki Shimizu, Toshiki Utsunomiya, Kensuke Suzuki, Takuo Fujisawa, Hiroshi Iwai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Otolaryngology Keywords: exoscope; ORBEYE; submandibular gland resection; facial nerve mandibular branch; facial artery; facial vein

Online: 23 July 2024 (16:00:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1279.v1

Research on Large-Scale Urban 3D Geological Modeling – A Case Study of Wuhan Metropolitan Development Area

Jixiang Zhu, Tao Gan, Shunchang Liu, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Zhaohuan Huang, Chunhao Zhang, Qian Wang, Zhibin Huo, Wei Wang, Guangjun Ji

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: Three-dimensional geological modeling; Urban geology; Large-scale; Wuhan Metropolitan De-velopment Area

Online: 16 July 2024 (12:56:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1143.v1

3D Prospectivity Modeling of the Nibao Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, China: Insights into Mineralization Localization and Gold Exploration

Hui Guo, Xiancheng Mao, Juexuan Huang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: Spatial Analysis; Mineral Prospectivity Modeling; Carlin-type Gold Deposit; Nibao Gold Deposit

Online: 17 April 2024 (12:36:10 CEST)

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Existing research indicates that mineralization of Carlin-type gold deposit is related to geological structures, but current studies mostly focus on the qualitative association, and lack quantitative analysis of the relationship between mineralization and structural features, which limits the potential for predictive mineral exploration. In this study, the Nibao Carlin-type gold deposit was selected as the research area to conduct three-dimensional geological modeling, spatial analysis, and three-dimensional prospectivity modeling. Spatial analysis revealed that the majority of gold ore bodies are situated near the main fault, with gold mineralization primarily occurring within a spatial range of approximately -80 meters to 20 meters from the main fault plane. This spatial distribution predominantly aligns in a SW-NE direction. Spatial characteristic extraction of fault slope indicators suggests that the slope angles are conducive to the migration and accumulation of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids, with ore body metal content rapidly increasing within an angle range of approximately 20° to 60°. The shape analysis of the mainfault indicates that the principal spaces of mineralization enrichment are within -10m to 20m of the fault plane undulations, where gold resources are concentrated in a relatively flat area. However, the degree of mineralization is more pronounced in the protruding sections than in the depressed areas. The areas with significant dip changes in faults display higher variations in orebody attitudes, with mineralization noticeably weaker in areas where the fault steepness changes markedly. Ore-bearing units exhibit significantly higher grades within the -17° to 3° interval of fault steepness transition. This interval also sees a rapid accumulation of gold resources. The Nibao gold mine's mineralization is derived from deep, ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids ascending along major fractures, precipitating, and accumulating in favorable ore-hosting spaces (faults, anticline cores) and lithological combinations (sedimentary tuffs, tuffs). Three deep potential gold targets were identified, highlighting the deep western edge of the F1 fault and the deep southeast-trending lower plate as prospective areas for future exploration. This study underscores the effectiveness of 3D prospective modeling as an indispensable tool for elucidating the spatial distribution of fault-controlled Carlin-type gold deposits and their tectonic determinants.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1434.v1

Influence of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 3D printed Metallic Specimens of Steel 1.2709 and 1.4542

Varun Vashist, Dr. Oldal Istvan, Rawabe Fatima Faidallah, Dr. Zoltan Szakal

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Additive manufacturing; steel; laser power; laser scan velocity; impact strength; maximum stress

Online: 19 September 2024 (12:07:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0613.v1

Measurement of Continuous Cooling Transformation Curve and High Temperature Mechanical Properties for 12Mn Steel

Sheng tao Qiu, Jun Wei

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: 12Mn steel; round billet; thermal mechanical simulation; CCT curve; diatometer method; JmatPro; tensile strength; the reduction of area; stress-strain curve; Thermal-cal software

Online: 25 March 2021 (11:44:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1297.v1

Fabrication and Characterisation of Sustainable 3D Printed Parts Using Post-consumer PLA Plastic and Virgin PLA Blends

Mohammad Raquibul Hasan, Ian J Davies, Alokesh Paramanik, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Additive manufacturing; post-consumer PLA (PC-PLA) waste; blended filament; mechanical properties; circular economy

Online: 22 March 2024 (08:12:34 CET)

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Sustainable manufacturing practices are becoming increasingly necessary due to the growing concerns regarding climate change and resource scarcity. Consequently, material recycling technologies have gradually become preferred over conventional processes. This study aimed to recycle waste polylactic acid (PLA) from household-disposed cups and lids to create 3D-printed parts and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. To achieve this, the current study utilised virgin and post-consumer PLA (sourced from household waste) blends. The PC-PLA wastes were shredded and sorted by size with the aid of a washing step, resulting in a filament with a 1.70 ± 0.5 mm diameter without fragmentation or dissolution. A 50:50 wt.% blend of virgin PLA (vPLA) and PC-PLA was selected as the standard recycling percentage based on previous research and resource conservation goals. The study investigated the impact of three 3D printing parameters (layer height (LH), infill density (I), and nozzle temperature (NT))on the quality of 3D-printed parts using a three-level L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. The findings revealed that blending PC-PLA with vPLA led to significant improvements in the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 18.40%, 8%, and 9.15%, respectively, compared to those of recycled PLA. This conclusion was supported by the investigation of the fracture surface area, which revealed fractographic features associated with printing parameters, such as plastic deformation and interfilament debonding. An ANOVA analysis revealed a positive influence of larger layer height and high nozzle temperature on the mechanical properties. Subsequently, the optimal printing parameters (LH: 0.3 mm, I: 100%, and NT: 215 °C) were determined using the S/N ratio, and a confirmation test using the optimum printing parameters exhibited a strong correlation with statistically predicted outcomes. Finally, the study used optimum printing parameters to fabricate 100% post-consumer recycled PLA 3D printed parts, demonstrating their potential for low-strength applications. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that virgin and post-consumer recycled PLA blended filament for fabricating 3D printed components is an effective way to support plastic recycling in the context of a circular economy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0039.v1

Advancing 3D Dental Implant FEA: Incorporating Biomimetic Trabecular Bone with Varied Pore Sizes in Voronoi Lattices

Dawit Bogale Alemayehu, Masahiro Todoh, Song-Jeng Huang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: finite element analysis; Voronoi lattice; dental implant; trabecular bone; human mandible’ s; nTopology; Creo Parametric; computer aided design; porosity

Online: 1 March 2024 (12:31:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0618.v1

Enhancing Privacy in the Internet of Vehicles via Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography

George Routis, Panagiotis Dagas, Ioanna Roussaki

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Security Systems Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); Internet of Vehicles (IoV); Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs); vehicle privacy; digital certificates; digital signatures; ECC; HECC; energy consumption; message size; Arduino; Zigbee

Online: 8 January 2024 (10:52:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0609.v1

To Bend the Curve of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Place Agency Centre Stage

Claude Garcia, Sini Savilaakso, Marieke Sassen, Natasha Stoudmann, René W. Verburg, Fabien Quétier, Miguel B. Araújo, Jean-François Bastin, Laurence Boutinot, Hélène Dessard, Anne Dray, Philip Fernbach, Scott Francisco, Jaboury Ghazoul, Laurène Feintrenie, Babak Naimi, Johan Oszwald, Stephan A. Pietsch, Brian E. Robinson, Plinio Sist, Steven A. Sloman, Terry Sunderland, Cédric Vermeulen, Lucienne Wilmé, Sarah J. Wilson, Patrick O. Waeber

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: agency; transition; cognition; land-use change; games; democracy

Online: 29 October 2020 (11:24:42 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0353.v1

Can Innate Immunity Flatten the Curve? Covid-19 – A Case Study

Sangam Banerjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; innate immunity

Online: 19 April 2020 (16:54:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0176.v1

Surface Thermodynamic Properties of 3D/4D Printing Poly Lactic Acid by Inverse Gas Chromatography

Tayssir Hamieh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: 3D/4D printing; adhesion; London and polar surface energies; glass transition; enthalpic and entropic Lewis’ s acid– base constants; acid and base surface energies

Online: 4 March 2024 (14:41:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0926.v1

Effective Unidirectional Wetting of Liquids on Multi-gradient, Bio-inspired Surfaces Fabricated by 3D Printing and Surface Modification

Che-Ni Hsu, Ngoc Phuong Uyen Mai, Po-Yu Chen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: gradient wettability; anisotropic wetting; surface modification; water management

Online: 14 May 2024 (09:27:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1442.v1

Revalidation of DNA Fragmentation Analyses for Human Sperm—Measurement Principles, Comparative Standards, Calibration Curve, Required Sensitivity, and Eligibility Criteria for Test Sperm—A Step-by-Step Approach to Cohort Studies with Multivariable Analyses

Satoru Kaneko, Yuki Okada

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: DNA fragmentation; single-cell pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; human sperm; sperm chromatin structure assay; sperm chromatin dispersion test; comet assay; quantitative analysis

Online: 23 May 2024 (08:19:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0516.v1

Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) Curve and Fast Frequency Response Assessment in High Renewable Power Systems

Shutang You

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Frequency response characteristic (FRC) curve; frequency response; renewable generation; governor

Online: 26 October 2020 (11:40:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0059.v1

CasTabDetectoRS: Cascade Network for Table Detection in Document Images with Recursive Feature Pyramid and Switchable Atrous Convolution

Khurram Azeem Hashmi, Alain Pagani, Marcus Liwicki, Didier Stricker, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: table detection; table recognition; cascade Mask R-CNN; atrous convolution; recursive feature pyramid networks; document image analysis; deep neural networks; computer vision, object detection.

Online: 3 September 2021 (11:05:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1137.v1

V2G Strategies to Flatten the Daily Load Curve in Seoul, South Korea

Sangbong Choi, Changsoo Kim, Backsub Sung

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: V2G strategie; daily load curve; charging location; discharging location; time-of-use (TOU); system marginal price (SMP)

Online: 28 April 2023 (07:25:40 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Bending the Curve of Global Freshwater Biodiversity Loss – An Emergency Recovery Plan

David Tickner, Jeff Opperman, Robin Abell, Mike Acreman, Angela H. Arthington, Stuart E. Bunn, Steven J. Cooke, James Dalton, Will Darwall, Gavin Edwards, Ian Harrison, Kathy Hughes, Tim Jones, David Leclère, Abigail J. Lynch, Philip Leonard, Michael E. McClain, Dean Muruven, Julian D. Olden, Steve Ormerod, Rebecca E. Tharme, Michele Thieme, Klement Tockner, Mark Wright, Lucy Young

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: River restoration; wetlands; freshwater conservation; Sustainable Development Goals; Convention on Biological Diversity

Online: 29 October 2019 (11:13:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0041.v1

A Novel 3D Reconstruction Sensor Using a Diving Lamp and a Camera for Underwater Cave Exploration

Quentin Massone, Sebastien Druon, Jean Triboulet

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: Structured light method; active 3D reconstruction; cone estimation; underwater karst aquifer

Online: 2 May 2024 (07:56:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1294.v1

Damage Accumulation in the Hybrid Composite Material Reinforced by Oil Shale Ash (OSA) Powder and 3D-Knitted Fabric Subjected to Mechanical Loading

Olga Kononova, Andrejs Krasnikovs, Umesh Haribhai Vavaliya, Arturs Macanovskis, Inga Lasenko, Karunamoorthy Rengasamy Kannathasan, Ilgar Jafarli, Iveta Novakova, Riho Motlep, Mindaugas Vaishnoras

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: hybrid composite material; oil shale ash; knitted fabric; thread failure

Online: 23 February 2024 (06:30:40 CET)

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Hybrid reinforcement in a composite material (CM), in many situations, allows better govern material mechanical properties. Polymer matrix CM plate is reinforced with small particles and macro-fibers. Particles are oil shale ash (OSA) powder, macro-fibers – basalt fiber threads im-pregnated by matrix material. With the goal to find out elastic properties of the matrix- polymer with OSA, samples with its different concentrations were experimentally fabricated and their elastic properties were experimentally measured. Obtained data were used in numerical model-ling. Was observed polymer matrix composite slab, reinforced with OSA and three-dimensional (3D) basalt fiber fabric. Fabric are forming threads impregnated by matrix (polymer resin mixed with OSA particles). Damage accumulation in the stretched slab was modelled. Impregnated thread, in the modelling, is observed as a macro-fiber (MF) with averaged elastic properties. With the load increase MF in the material began to break. At first, appeared isolated single breaks. A probabilistic sequential MF rupture accumulation model was accepted and numerical-ly realized. The geometry of the reinforcing knitted fabric was modeled using the Leaf and Glaskin approach. In the knitted fabric highly, stressed MF cross-sections are observed as po-tential location where thread breakage can occur. If one thread breaks, the cross-sections of the adjacent threads experience the overload caused by this rupture. More overloaded crossection in the adjacent overloaded thread breaks and we obtain two adjacent broken MF designated as a defect with the size j=2. The probabilities of obtaining defect consisting of at least 2, 3, … j adjacent broken MF in the plate were calculated. The calculations continued until the rupture process becomes unstable (j→∞). The overstresses on adjacent threads in the CM were calculat-ed using the FEM three-dimensional numerical approach. Analytical and stochastic methods were used for the load-carrying capacity determination and different size defects accumulation in the hybrid composite material (HCM) plate. Also, was calculated the probability of the plate rupture.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0221.v1

3D Printing Part 1 - A History and Literature Review Of 3D Printing in Dentistry

Adam Brian Nulty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 3D printing; intraoral scanners; digital dentistry; trueness; precision; accuracy; history

Online: 10 May 2021 (15:57:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1751.v1

Optimizing Milling Parameters for Enhanced Machinability of 3D‐Printed Materials: An Analysis of PLA, PETG, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced PETG

Mohamad El Mehtedi, Pasquale Buonadonna, Rayane El Mohtadi, Gabriela Loi, Francesco Aymerich, Mauro Carta

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: 3D printing; PLA; PETG; CF-PETG; milling; burr formation; roughness; ANOVA analysis

Online: 27 May 2024 (12:08:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1598.v1

Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Multi-layer Soil Grounds Through 1 G Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Analysis

Yong Jin, Sugeun Jeong, Minseo Moon, Daehyeon Kim

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: ground; seismic; dynamic behavior; response; 1 g shaking table; numerical analysis; multi-layered; amplification

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:02:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0565.v1

Development and Comparison of Regional/Seasonal Wave Scatter Table using Hindcast Data for Simplified Operational Measures of Ships

Samuel Mangalathu Raj, Hossein Enshaei, Nagi Abdussamie

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: Wave scatter table; operational measures; second generation intact stability criteria; hindcast wave scatter table; hindcast data

Online: 30 November 2022 (06:03:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1948.v1

Comparative Study of Rheological Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Reinforced With PP Fiber For 3D Printing: An Experimental and Numerical Approach

Bakytzhan Sariyev, Alisher Konysbekov, Marat Konkanov, Assel Zhexembayeva

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Geopolymer; Rheological Properties; Extrusion Process; Herschel-Bulkley Model; Finite Element Method (FEM)

Online: 29 May 2024 (12:17:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0011.v1

Calcium Silicate/Chitosan-Coated Electrospun Poly (lactic acid) Fibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

Chu-Jung Su, Ming-Gene Tu, Li-Ju Wei, Tuan-Ti Hsu, Chia-Tze Kao, Tsui-Han Chen, Tsui-Hsien Huang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Poly (lactic acid); chitosan; calcium silicate; tissue engineering; osteogenesis

Online: 1 March 2017 (17:03:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0249.v1

Development of a Conversion Table to Link Clinical Scale Scores to ICF Qualifiers: Insights from a Survey of Healthcare Professionals

Shu Umemori, Mao Ogawa, Shin Yamada, Masayo Komatsu, Emiko Oikawa, Yasuyo Okamoto, Masaki Katoh, Tomohide Shirasaka, Kagari Abiko, Shigehiro Moriizumi, Yuichiro Matsuo, Harukazu Tohyama, Masahiko Mukaino

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: ICF; Qualifiers; functioning

Online: 5 March 2024 (13:51:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0798.v1

3D Modelling of HPV-Related Tumors and Their Microenvironment

Sema Tugce Aydin, Burak Kizilca, Muharrem Okan Cakir, G. Hossein Ashrafi, Mustafa Ozdogan, Betul Karademir-Yilmaz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: 3D-cell culture; tumor microenvironment; HPV-induced cancers

Online: 10 September 2024 (10:42:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2137.v1

Hardware Implementations of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Shift-Sub Based Modular Multiplication Algorithms

Yamin Li

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Security Systems Keywords: elliptic curve cryptography; affine, projective, and Jacobian coordinates; modular multiplication; hardware security module; Verilog HDL; FPGA; cost/performance evaluation

Online: 31 August 2023 (09:35:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0192.v1

Evaluation of the Daily Load Curve by Taking V2G of PEVs into Consideration

Sangbong Choi, Chang soo Kim, Back sub Sung

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Charging location; Discharging location; Time of Use(TOU); System Marginal Price(SMP)

Online: 10 November 2022 (05:59:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2032.v1

Enhancing Multilingual Table-to-Text Generation with QA Blueprints: Overcoming Challenges in Low-Resource Languages

Arpita Soni

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: African; English; Natural Language Processing; Question-Answer

Online: 29 August 2024 (03:05:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0886.v1

A New Test Method of “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance + High-Speed Centrifugation” for Gas-Water Relative Permeability Curve of Low-Permeability and Tight Sandstone

Fenglai Yang, Huaxun Liu, Shusheng Gao, Sijie He, Feifei Fang, Cuili Wang, Liyou Ye, Kun Zhou, Xuejun Yang, Weiguo An

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: Low permeability and tight sandstone; Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); High speed centrifugation; Micro pore structure; Gas-water relative permeability curve

Online: 11 July 2024 (08:28:50 CEST)

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Gas-water relative permeability curve is the foundation of gas reservoir dynamic analysis and numerical simulation. It is generally obtained through gas displacing water experiment. Referring to the existing national standards, gas-water relative permeability test is carried out for low-permeability and tight sandstone. The flow is discontinuous and the curve smoothness is poor, which affects the application of gas-water relative permeability curve. Based on the comparative analysis of a large number of mercury injection and NMR experimental results of low-permeability and tight sandstone, a method to characterize the throat radius distribution of low-permeability tight sandstone based on NMR T2 spectrum is explored. Combined with high-speed centrifugal experiment, the calculation formulas of core water saturation, phase relative permeability of gas-water under different centrifugal force are established. A new method of "nuclear magnetic resonance + high-speed centrifugation" for gas-water relative permeability curve test of low-permeability and tight sandstone is formed, and the test is carried out on Sulige low-permeability tight sandstone core. The results show that: (1) The shape of cumulative distribution curve of throat radius by mercury injection method is basically consistent with that of T2 relaxation time by NMR, and there is a good corresponding relationship between them. (2) The centrifugation process is similar to the gas displacing water process. With the decrease of water saturation, water centrifugation in rock core becomes more and more difficult until it become irreducible. (3) The test process of the new method is unified and standard and up to 6 cores can be tested at the same time. The calculation results of water saturation and relative permeability curve are reliable and the integral curve is smooth, which greatly improves the test efficiency of gas-water relative permeability curve in low-permeability and tight sandstone. The new method can be widely used to study the gas-water two-phase seepage law in low-permeability and tight sandstone gas reservoir.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1994.v1

The Novel Impact of Augmented Reality and 3D Printing in the Diagnosis of Complex Acetabular Fractures: A Comparative Randomized Study in Orthopedic Residents

Marco Montemagno, Gianluca Testa, Flora Maria Chiara Panvini, Gianluca Puglisi, Giacomo Papotto, Emanuele Marchese, Vito Pavone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: augmented reality; 3Dprinting; acetabular fracture; diagnostic accuracy; orthopedic residents

Online: 30 April 2024 (11:44:48 CEST)

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Augmented Reality (AR) and 3D printing (3DP) are novel technologies in the orthopedic field. Over the past decade, enthusiasm for these new digital applications is driving new perspectives in improving diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity in the field of traumatology. Currently, however, it is still difficult to quantify the value and impact in the medical-scientific field especially in the improvement of diagnostic in complex fractures. Acetabulum fractures have always been a challenge among orthopedics, for volumetric complexity and low diagnostic reliability.Background/Objectives: The goal of this study is to determine whether these methods can improve the learning aspect and diagnostic accuracy of complex acetabulum fractures compared to gold standard CT (computed tomography). Methods: Orthopedic residents of our department have been selected and divided into Junior (JUN) and Senior (SEN) groups. Associated fractures of acetabulum have been included in the study, obtaining : CT-scans, 3DP model, and AR model displayed on a tablet screen. In a double-blind questionnaire, each resident classified every fracture according to methods. Diagnostic accuracy (DA), response time (RT), agreement (R), and confidence (C) were measured. Results: 20 residents (JUN=10, SEN=10) classified five fractures. Overall DAs were 26% (CT), 18% (3DP), and 29% (AR). AR-DA resulted to be superior to 3DP-DA (p=0,04). DA means (JUN vs SEN respectively) were :CT-DA was 20% vs 32% (p<0.05), 3DP-DA was 12% vs 24% (p=0.08), and AR-DA was 28% vs 30% (p=0,80). Overall RT was 61.2 sec (±24,6) for CT, 35.8 sec (±20,1) for 3DP, and 46,7 sec (±20,8) for AR. R was fairly poor between methods and groups. 3DPs resulted to have superior overall C (65%). Conclusions: AR resulted to have the same Overall DA as CT, independent from experience, 3DP has minor DA and R, but it resulted to be the most confident and fast method. Intra and interobserver R between methods remain very poor in residents.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1450.v1

Stat3 Inhibitors TTI-101 and SH5-07 Suppress Bladder Cancer Cell Survival In 3D Tumor Models

Surya Pratap Singh, Gopal Pathuri, Adam S Asch, Chinthalapally V. Rao, Venkateshwar Madka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Bladder cancer; STAT3 inhibitor; Apoptosis; Preclinical; 3D models

Online: 17 July 2024 (14:18:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0775.v1

Classifying Objects in 3D Point Clouds Using Recurrent Neural Network: A GRU LSTM Hybrid Approach

Ramin Mousa, Mitra Khezli, Saba Hesaraki

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: Point Cloud Classification; Virtual Reality; Hybrid Model; GRULSTM;
GRU; LSTM

Online: 13 March 2024 (10:00:29 CET)

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