The purpose of this paper is threefold: (i) to introduce and study the Euler-Lagrange prolongations of flatness PDEs solutions (best approximation of flatness) via associated least squares Lagrangian densities and integral functionals on Riemannian manifolds; (ii) to analyze some decomposable multivariate dynamics represented by Euler-Lagrange PDEs of least squares Lagrangians generated by flatness PDEs and Riemannian metrics; (iii) to give examples of explicit flat extremals and non-flat approximations.

It is introduced and studied para-Ricci-like solitons with potential Reeb vector field on almost paracontact almost paracomplex Riemannian manifolds. The special cases of para-Einstein-like, para-Sasaki-like and having a torse-forming Reeb vector field have been considered. It is proved a necessary and sufficient condition the manifold to admit a para-Ricci-like soliton which is the structure to be para-Einstein-like. Explicit examples are provided in support of the proven statements.

We obtain some generalised Minkowski-type integral formulas for compact Riemannian (resp. spacelike) hypersurfaces in Riemannian (resp. Lorentzian) manifolds admitting an arbitrary vector field that we assume to be timelike in the case where the ambient space is Lorentzian. Some of these formulas generalize existing formulas in the case of conformal and Killing vector fields. We apply these integral formulas to obtain interesting results concerning the characterization of such hypersurfaces in some particular cases such as when the ambient space is Einstein admitting an arbitrary (in particular, conformal or Killing) vector field, and when the hypersurface has constant mean curvature.

Almost contact complex Riemannian manifolds, known also as almost contact B-metric manifolds, are equipped with a pair of pseudo-Riemannian metrics that are mutually associated with each other using the tensor structure. Here we consider a special class of these manifolds, those of the Sasaki-like type. They have an interesting geometric interpretation: the complex cone of such a manifold is a holomorphic complex Riemannian manifold (also called a Kähler–Norden manifold). The basic metric on the considered manifold is specialized here as a soliton, i.e. has an additional curvature property such that the metric is a self-similar solution of an intrinsic geometric flow. Almost solitons are more general objects than solitons because they use functions rather than constants as coefficients in the defining condition. A β -Ricci-Bourguignon-like almost soliton ( β is a real constant) is defined using the pair of metrics. The introduced soliton is a generalization of some well-known (almost) solitons (such as those of Ricci, Schouten, Einstein), which in principle arise from a single metric rather than a pair of metrics. The soliton potential is chosen to be pointwise collinear to the Reeb vector field, or the Lie derivative of any B-metric along the potential to be the same metric multiplied by a function. The resulting manifolds equipped with the introduced almost solitons are characterized geometrically. Appropriate examples for two types of almost solitons are constructed and the properties obtained in the theoretical part are confirmed.

Almost contact complex Riemannian manifolds, known also as almost contact B-metric manifolds, are in principle equipped with a pair of mutually associated pseudo-Riemannian metrics. Each of these metrics is specialized here as a Yamabe almost soliton with a potential collinear to the Reeb vector field. The resulting manifolds are then investigated in two important cases with geometric significance. The first is when the manifold is of Sasaki-like type, i.e. its complex cone is a holomorphic complex Riemannian manifold (also called a Kähler–Norden manifold). The second case is when the soliton potential is torse-forming, i.e. it satisfies a certain recurrence condition for its covariant derivative with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of the corresponding metric. The studied solitons are characterized. In the three-dimensional case, an explicit example is constructed and the properties obtained in the theoretical part are confirmed.

Theoretical physics addresses the fundamental principles of nature and the mysteries of the universe. In the last century, the theory of relativity challenged people's understanding of time and space, while quantum mechanics revealed various forms of energy. However, the concept of gravity remains elusive. All matter in the universe is composed of energy that can be converted into other forms, yet it is always conserved. However, achieving a state of equilibrium, represented by the equal sign, can be challenging to achieve on both macro and quantum scales. A phenomenon that can transition from one state to infinity is called collision and is essential for understanding natural phenomena and physical processes throughout the universe. In the study of general relativity cannot be three-dimensional problems to gain mathematical inspiration, understand the application of new dimensions. Here, we elucidate the nature of gravity, which inspires the solution of the Riemann hypothesis. Our results show that the conduction mode of dimensional energy is defined by Euler's formula. And a special mode of collision is derived which translates into vibration.

A single qubit may be represented on the Bloch sphere or similarly on the 3-sphere S3. Our goal is to dress this correspondence by converting the language of universal quantum computing (UQC) to that of 3-manifolds. A magic state and the Pauli group acting on it define a model of UQC as a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) that one recognizes to be a 3-manifold M3. More precisely, the d-dimensional POVMs defined from subgroups of finite index of the modular group PSL(2, Z) correspond to d-fold M3- coverings over the trefoil knot. In this paper, one also investigates quantum information on a few ‘universal’ knots and links such as the figure-of-eight knot, the Whitehead link and Borromean rings, making use of the catalog of platonic manifolds available on the software SnapPy. Further connections between POVMs based UQC and M3’s obtained from Dehn fillings are explored.

A single qubit may be represented on the Bloch sphere or similarly on the $3$-sphere $S^3$. Our goal is to dress this correspondence by converting the language of universal quantum computing (uqc) to that of $3$-manifolds. A magic state and the Pauli group acting on it define a model of uqc as a POVM that one recognizes to be a $3$-manifold $M^3$. E. g., the $d$-dimensional POVMs defined from subgroups of finite index of the modular group $PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ correspond to $d$-fold $M^3$- coverings over the trefoil knot. In this paper, one also investigates quantum information on a few \lq universal' knots and links such as the figure-of-eight knot, the Whitehead link and Borromean rings, making use of the catalog of platonic manifolds available on SnapPy. Further connections between POVMs based uqc and $M^3$'s obtained from Dehn fillings are explored.

The article presents the case of a 27-year-old female patient with idiopathic congenital complete heart block who was referred by her primary care physician for cardiological evaluation. The conduction disturbance was recognized at the age of 6 years and was asymptomatic. The disqualification from pacemaker implantation included detailed history of a patient’s symptoms, echocardiographic assessment of the heart, exercise testing and ECG Holter monitoring. The aid of salbutamol administered orally was also useful.

Weak contact metric structures on a smooth manifold, introduced by V. Rovenski and R. Wolak in 2022, have provided new insight into the theory of classical structures. In this paper, we define new structures of this kind (called weak nearly Sasakian and weak nearly cosymplectic and nearly K\"{a}hlerian structures) and study their geometry. We introduce weak nearly K\"{a}hlerian manifolds (generalizing nearly K\"{a}hlerian manifolds) and characterize weak nearly Sasakian and weak nearly cosymplectic hypersurfaces in such Riemannian manifolds.

In this paper, we introduce the notions of nearly Sasakian and nearly Kähler statistical structures with a non-trivial example. The conditions for a real hypersurface in a nearly Kähler statistical manifold to admit a nearly Sasakian statistical structure are given. We also study Invariant and anti-invariant statistical submanifolds of nearly Sasakian statistical manifolds. At the end, some conditions under which such a submanifold of a nearly Sasakian statistical manifold is itself a nearly Sasakian statistical manifold are given.

This paper integrates carrier manifolds from control theory and hybrid systems modeling to develop a novel mathematical framework for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Carrier manifolds represent the state space of complex AGI systems, while hybrid systems model discrete and continuous dynamics together. The proposed architecture embeds carrier manifold into GPTProX, a hybrid AI solver combining conversational AI, logic programming, and optimization.

A class of nearly Sasakian manifolds is considered. We discussion geometric effects of some symmetries on such manifolds, and show, under a certain condition, that the class of Ricci-symmetric nearly Sasakian manifolds is a subclass of Einstein manifolds. We prove that a nearly Sasakian space form with Ricci tensor satisfying the Codazzi equation is either a Sasakian manifold with a constant $\phi$-holomorphic sectional curvature $\mathcal{H}=1$ or a $5$-dimensional proper nearly Sasakian manifold with a constant $\phi$-holomorphic sectional curvature $\mathcal{H}>1$. We also prove that the spectrum of the operator $H^{2}$ generated by the nearly Sasakian manifold is a set of simple eigenvalue $0$ and an eigenvalue of multiplicity $4$. We show that there exist integrable distributions on the same manifolds with totally geodesic leaves, and prove that there are no proper nearly Sasakian space forms with constant sectional curvature.

The notion of Golden structure was introduced 15 years ago by the present authors and know a constant interest by several geometers. Now, we propose a new generalization apart of that called metallic structure and considered also by the authors. By adding a compatible Riemannian metric we focus on the study of submanifolds in this setting.

The Heisenberg Lie algebra (HA) plays an important role in mathematics with Fourier transforms, as well as for the foundations of quantum theory where it expresses the operators of space-time, X, and their commutation rules with the momentum operators, D, that execute infinitesimal translations in X. Yet it is known that space-time is curved and thus the D operators must interfere thus giving “structure constants” that vary with location which suggests a mathematical generalization of the concept of a Lie algebra to allow for “structure constants” that are functions of X. We here investigate the mathematics of such a “generalized Heisenberg algebra” (GHA) which has “structure constants” that are functions of X and thus are in the enveloping algebra rather than constants. As expected, the Jacobi identity no longer holds globally but only in small regions of space-time where the [D, X] commutator can be considered locally constant and thus where one has a true Lie algebra. We show that one is able to reframe Riemannian geometry in this GHA. As an example, it is then shown that one can express the Einstein equations of general relativity as commutation rules. If one requires that the GHA commutator reduces to the HA of quantum theory in the limit of no curvature, then there are observable effects for quantum theory in this curved space time.

The article is devoted to infinitesimal transformations. We have obtained that LCK-manifolds do not admit nontrivial infinitesimal projective transformations. Then we study infinitesimal conformal transformations of LCK-manifolds. We have found the expression for the Lie derivative of a Lee form. Also we have obtained the system of partial differential equations for the transformations, and explored its integrability conditions. Hence we have got the necessary and sufficient conditions in order that the an LCK-manifold admits a group of conformal motions. Also we have calculated the number of parameters which the group depends on. We have proved that a group of conformal motions admitted by an LCK-manifold is isomorphic to a homothetic group admitted by corresponding K\"{a}hlerian metric. We also established that an isometric group of an LCK-manifold is isomorphic to a some subgroup of homothetic group of the coresponding local K\"{a}hlerian metric.

Our research is in the tangent space of a point on a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Besides the positive definite metric, the manifold is endowed with a tensor structure of type (1,1), whose fourth power is minus the identity. Both structures are compatible and they define an indefinite metric on the manifold. With the help of the indefinite metric we determine a circle in different 2-planes in the tangent space on the manifold, we also calculate the length and area of the circle. On a smooth closed curve such as a circle, we define a vector force field. Further, we obtain the circulation done by the vector force field along the curve, as well as the flux of the curl of this vector force field across the curve. Finally, we find a relation between these two values, which is an analogue of the well known Green’s formula in the Euclidean space.

We show the tensor properties of joint probabilities on a Riemannian parametric manifold. Initially we develop a binary data matrix for parameter measurements of a large number of particles confining in a closed system in order to retrieve the joint probability densities of related parameters. By introducing a new generalized inner product as a multilinear operation on dual basis of parametric space, we extract the set of joint probabilities and prove them to meet contravariant tensor properties in a general Riemannian parametric space. We show these contravariant tensors reduce to classical ordinary partial derivatives definition in ordinary Euclidean parametric space. Finally we prove by a theorem that symmetrized iterative contravariant derivative of cumulative probability function on Riemannian manifold gives the set of joint probabilities in those manifold. We bring some examples for compatibility with physical tensors.

Using a scaling symmetry, it is shown how to compute polynomial conservation laws, generalized symmetries, recursion operators, Lax pairs, and bilinear forms of polynomial nonlinear partial differential equations thereby establishing their complete integrability. The Gardner equation is chosen as the key example for it comprises both the Korteweg-de Vries and modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equations. The Gardner and Miura transformations which connect these equations are also computed using the concept of scaling homogeneity. Exact solitary wave solutions and solitons of the Gardner equation are derived using Hirota’s method and other direct methods. The nature of these solutions depends on the sign of the cubic term in the Gardner equation and the underlying mKdV equation. It is shown that flat (table-top) waves of large amplitude only occur when the sign of the cubic nonlinearity is negative (defocusing case) whereas the focusing Gardner equation has the standard elastically colliding solitons. The paper’s aim is to provide a review of integrability properties and solutions of the Gardner equation and illustrate the applicability of the scaling symmetry approach. The methods and algorithms used in this paper have been implemented in Mathematica but can be adapted for major computer algebra systems.

Synchronous electrical cardioversion is a relatively common procedure in the emergency department (ED), often performed for unstable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) or unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, it is also used for stable cases resistant to drug therapy, which carry a risk of deterioration. In addition to the inherent risks linked with procedural sedation, there is a possibility of malignant arrhythmias or bradycardia, which could potentially result in cardiac arrest following this procedure. Here, we present a case of complete heart block unresponsive to transcutaneous pacing and positive inotropic and chronotropic drugs for 90 minutes, resulting in multiple cardiac arrests. The repositioning of the transcutaneous cardio-stimulation electrodes, one of them placed in the left latero-sternal position and the other at the level of the apex, led to immediate stabilization of the patient. Extubation of the patient was performed the following day, while full recovery and discharge within 7 days, after insertion of a permanent pacemaker.

A mathematical procedure enabling the transformation of an arbitrary tessellation of a surface into a bi-colored complete graph is introduced. Polygons constituting the tessellation are represented by vertices of the graphs. Vertices of the graphs are connected by two kinds of links/edges, namely, by a green link, when polygons have the same number of sides, and by a red link, when the polygons have a different number of sides. This procedure gives rise to a semi-transitive, complete, bi-colored Ramsey graph. The Ramsey number was established as R_trans (3,3)=5. Shannon entropies of the tessellation and graphs are introduced. Ramsey graphs emerging from random Voronoi and Poisson Line tessellations were investigated. The limits ζ=lim┬(N→∞)⁡〖N_g/N_r 〗, where N is the total number of green and red seeds, N_g and N_r, were found ζ=0.272±0.001 (Voronoi) and ζ= 0.47±0.02 (Poisson Line). The Shannon Entropy for the random Voronoi tessellation was calculated as S= 1.690±0.001 and for the Poisson line tessellation as S =1.265±0.015.

This paper presents the tensor properties of joint probability densities on a Riemannian manifold. Initially we develop a binary data matrix to record variables' values of a large number of particles confining in a closed system at a certain time in order to retrieve the joint probability densities of related variables. By introducing the particle oriented coordinate and generalized inner product as a multi-linear operation on the basis of this coordinate, we extract the set of joint probabilities and prove them to meet covariant tensor properties on a general Riemannian space of variables. Based on the Taylor expansion of scalar field in Riemannian manifolds, it has been shown that the symmetrized iterative covariant derivatives of cumulative probability function defined on Riemannian manifold also gives the set of related joint probability densities equivalent to the aforementioned multi-linear method. We show these covariant tensors reduce to classical ordinary partial derivatives in ordinary Euclidean space with Cartesian coordinates and gives the formal definition of joint probabilities by partial derivatives of cumulative distribution function. The equivalence between symmetrized covariant derivative and generalized inner product has been concluded. Some examples of well-known physical tensors clarify that many deterministic physical variables are presented as tensor densities with an interpretation similar to probability densities.

The Svenonius theorem establishes the correspondence between definability of relations in a countable structure and automorphism groups of these relations in the extension of the structure. This correspondence may help in finding the description of the definability lattice constituted by all definability spaces (reducts) of the original structure. However, the major difficulty here is the necessity to consider the extensions which generally are obscure and hardly amenable to classification. Because of that results on definability lattices were obtained only for $\omega$-categorical structures (i.\,e. those in which all elementary extensions are isomorphic to the structure itself). All known definability lattices for such structures proved to be finite. In this work we introduce the concept of upwards complete structure as such in which all its extensions are isomorphic. Further we define upwards completions structures. For such structures Galois correspondence between definability lattice and the lattice of closed supergroups of automorphism group of the structure is an anti-automorphism. These lattices could be infinite in general. We describe the natural class of structures which have upwards completion, that is discretely homogeneous graphs, present the explicit constrcution of their completion and automorphism groups of completions. We establish the general \emph{localness} property of discretely homogeneous graphs and present the examples of completable structures and their completions.

This work is intended to lead a study of necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for scalar optimization problems on Hadamard manifolds. In the context of this geometry, we obtain and present new function types characterized by the property of having all their second-order stationary points to be global minimums. In order to do so, we extend the concept convexity in Euclidean space to a more general notion of invexity on Hadamard manifolds. This is done employing notions of second-order directional derivative, second-order pseudoinvexity functions and the second-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker-pseudoinvexity problem. Thus, we prove that every second-order stationary point is a global minimum if and only if the problem is either second-order pseudoinvex or second-order KKT-pseudoinvex depending on whether the problem regards unconstrained or constrained scalar optimization respectively. This result has not been presented in the literature before. Finally, examples of these new characterizations are provided in the context of \textit{"Higgs Boson like"} potentials among others.

We consider a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold M with an additional structure S, whose fourth power is minus identity. In a local coordinate system the components of the metric g and the structure S form skew-circulant matrices. Both structures S and g are compatible, such that an isometry is induced in every tangent space of M. By a special identity for the curvature tensor, generated by the Riemannian connection of g, we determine classes of Einstein and almost Einstein manifolds. For such manifolds we obtain propositions for the sectional curvatures of some characteristic 2-planes in a tangent space of M. We consider a Hermitian manifold associated with the studied manifold and find conditions for g, under which it is a K\"{a}hler manifold. We construct some examples of the considered manifolds on Lie groups.

The aims of this paper are twofold. First, it is shown, for the first time, which types of nonsmooth functions are characterized by all vector critical points as being efficient or weakly efficient solutions of vector optimization problems in constrained and unconstrained scenarios on Hadamard manifolds. This implies the need to extend different concepts, such as the Karush--Kuhn--Tucker vector critical points and generalized invexity functions, to Hadamard manifolds. The relationships between these quantities are clarified through a great number of explanatory examples. Second, we present an economic application proving that Nash's critical and equilibrium points coincide in the case of invex payoff functions.

The aim of this paper is to obtain Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions for weakly efficient solutions to vector equilibrium problems with the addition of constraints in the novel context of Hadamard manifolds as opposed to the classical examples of Banach, normed or Hausdorff spaces. More specifically, classical necessary and sufficient conditions for weakly efficient solutions to the constrained vector optimization problem are presented. As well as some examples. The results presented in this paper generalize results obtained by Gong (2008) and Wei and Gong (2010) and Feng and Qiu (2014) from Hausdorff topological vector spaces, real normed spaces and real Banach spaces to Hadamard manifolds, respectively.

This is the fourth part of [6] on the existence of K¨ahler Einstein metrics of the general type I almost homogeneous manifolds of cohomogeneity one. We actually carry out all the results in [8] to the type I cases. In part II [14], we obtained a lot of new K¨ahler-Einstein manifolds as well as Fano manifolds without K¨ahler-Einstein metrics. In particular, by applying Theorem 15 therein, we have complete results in the Theorems 3 and 4 in that paper. However, we only have some partial results in Theorem 5 there. In this note, we shall give a report of recent progress on the Fano manifolds Nn,m when n > 15 and N′n,m when n > 4. We actually give two nice pictures for these two classes of manifolds. See our Theorems 1 and 2 in the last section. Moreover, we post two conjectures. Once we could solve these two conjectures, the question for these two classes of manifolds would be completely solved. With applying our results to the canonical circle bundles we also obtain Sasakian manifolds with or without Sasakian-Einstein metrics. That also give some open Calabi-Yau manifolds.

Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy (commonly known as Kokum) is an important medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine and belonging to the Clusiaceae family. Kokum is a highly traded medicinal plant species of India, dried rind of fruits and butter from seeds are traded in the markets. This study aimed to assemble the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of G. indica and compare it with the previously published cp genome within the Garcinia taxa to identify the potential species-specific barcode marker for Kokum authentication. The assembled cp genome, with a size of 1,56,891 bp, exhibits a typical quadripartite structure. The large single-copy (LSC) region spans 85,580 bp, and the small single-copy (SSC) region spans 17,181 bp, together comprising 64.5% of the genome. The pair of inverted repeats (IRA and IRB) are each 27,065 bp, covering the remaining 35.5% of the genome. A total of 126 unique genes were identified, including 86 protein-coding genes, 32 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis using complete cp genomes from 12 species in the Clusiaceae family indicated that 10 Garcinia species form a sister clade. Notably, the ycf1 gene in the LSC region was more divergent within the Garcinia species. This study presents the first report on the chloroplast genome of G. indica. This chloroplast genome resource provides a basis for identifying new DNA barcode marker as well as species-specific marker for herbal drug authentication of Kokum, and species delineation within the Garcinia genus.

We introduce new metric structures on a smooth manifold (called “weak" structures) that generalize the almost contact, Sasakian, cosymplectic, etc. metric structures (φ,ξ,η,g) and allow us to take a fresh look at the classical theory and find new applications. This assertion is illustrated by generalizing several well-known results. It is proved that any Sasakian structure is rigid, i.e., our weak Sasakian structure is homothetically equivalent to a Sasakian structure. It is shown that a weak almost contact structure with parallel tensor φ is a weak cosymplectic structure and an example of such a structure on the product of manifolds is given. Conditions are found under which a vector field is a weak contact vector field.

Every protein consists of a linear sequence over an alphabet of $20$ letters/amino acids. The sequence unfolds in the $3$-dimensional space through secondary (local foldings), tertiary (bonds) and quaternary (disjoint multiple) structures. The mere existence of the genetic code for the $20$ letters of the linear chain could be predicted with the (informationally complete) irreducible characters of the finite group $G_n:=\mathbb{Z}_n \rtimes 2O$ (with $n=5$ or $7$ and $2O$ the binary octahedral group) in our previous two papers. It turns out that some quaternary structures of protein complexes display $n$-fold symmetries. We propose an approach of secondary structures based on free group theory. Our results are compared to other approaches of predicting secondary structures of proteins in terms of $\alpha$ helices, $\beta$ sheets and coils, or more refined techniques. It is shown that the secondary structure of proteins shows similarities to the structure of some hyperbolic $3$-manifolds. The hyperbolic $3$-manifold of smallest volume --Gieseking manifold--, some other $3$ manifolds and the oriented hypercartographic group are singled out as tentative models of such secondary structures. For the quaternary structure, there are links to the Kummer surface.

Butirosins are naturally occurring aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics featuring a 4,5-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) with a (2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate (AHBA) side chain. This side chain has been shown to confer resistance against AG modifying enzymes, leading to ongoing studies on the butirosin biosynthetic pathway and the corresponding enzymes. Butirosin is produced by Niallia (formerly Bacillus) circulans and Bacillus vitellinus, with most research focused on the former strain. To date, no whole genome analysis has been performed on B. vitellinus. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 and performed a comparative analysis of different butirosin biosyntheric gene clusters (BGCs), including those from N. circulans. The complete genome of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 comprises a 6,331,192 base circlular chromosome with a GC content of 52.68%. The annotation revealed the presence of 5,605 CDSs, 70 tRNA genes, 30 rRNA genes, and 3 ncRNA genes in NBRC 13296. The highest dDDH and ANI values between NBRC 13296 and the most closely related type strain, Paenibacillus chitinolyticus KCCM 41400, were 97.8% and 98.66%, respectively. Based on these genome-based comparative analyses, we propose reclassifying B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 as P. chitinolyticus. Genome mining revealed 18 gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites in the genome of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296, indicating the enormous biosynthetic potential of this strain. The predicted structural diversity of secondary metabolites includes aminoglycoside, PKS, NRPS, PKS-NRPS hybrids, metallophores, phosphonates, terpenes, β-lactones, and RiPP peptides. We then comparatively characterized butorosin BGCs previously studied in several N. circulans strains. Additionally, comparative genome analysis revealed complete butirosin BGCs identified from P. chitinolyticus KCCM 41400, P. chitinolyticus NRRL B-23119, P. chitinolyticus NRRL B-23120, P. chitinolyticus B-14908, P. chitinolyticus YSY-3.1, P. chitinolyticus JMW06, Paenibacillus sp. GbtcB18, Paenibacillus sp. HGH0039, Paenibacillus sp. MZ04-78.2. Finally, we identified the core region consisting of BtrS, BtrN, BtrM, BtrL, BtrA, BtrB, BtrC, BtrD, BtrD, BtrE, BtrF, BtrG, BtrH, BtrI, BtrI, BtrJ, BtrK, BtrO, BtrP, and BtrV, followed by an upstream region organizing BtrQ, BtrW, BtrX, BtrY, and BtrZ in the same transcriptional direction and sequential genetic arrangement, and a downstream region organizing various proteins based on BtrT, BtrR2, BtrU, and BtrR1. Our study provided insights into the reclassification of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 to P. chitinolyticus and suggested the need for continued studies on butirosin biosynthesis from an enzymatic perspective.

Background and Objectives: Renal cell carcinomas and upper tract urothelial carcinomas are types of malignancies that originate in the kidneys. Each of these examples shows an increasing trend in the frequency and the mortality rate. This study aims to comprehensively define carcinomas by analysing clinical, paraclinical, and histological aspects to predict aggressiveness and mortality. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective investigation on a group of patients suspected with kidney cancers. Results: We identified 188 cases. We observed a higher mortality rate and older age in individuals with urothelial carcinomas. Anemia, acute kidney injury, hematuria and perineural invasion were the main risk factors that predicted their mortality. Tumour size in renal cell carcinomas correlates with the presence of necrosis and sarcomatoid areas. Factors that indicate a higher rate of death are older age, exceeding of the renal capsule, the lesion that includes the entire kidney, lymphovascular invasion, acute kidney injury, and anemia. Conclusions: Even if they originate at the renal level, and the clinical-paraclinical picture is similar, the histopathological characteristics make the difference. In addition, to these are added the previously mentioned common parameters that can represent important prognostic factors. In conclusion, the characteristics commonly identified in one type of cancer may act as risk factors for the other tumor. The detected data include threshold values and risk factors, making a significant contribution to the existing literature.

A sparse language is a formal language such that the number of strings of length $n$ is bounded by a polynomial function of $n$. We create a class with the opposite definition, that is a class of languages that are dense instead of sparse. We define a dense language on $m$ as a formal language (a set of binary strings) where there exists a positive integer $n_{0}$ such that the counting of the number of strings of length $n \geq n_{0}$ in the language is greater than or equal to $2^{n - m}$ where $m$ is a real number and $0 < m \leq 1$. We call the complexity class of all dense languages on $m$ as $DENSE(m)$. We prove that there exists an $\textit{NP--complete}$ problem that belongs to $DENSE(m)$ for every possible value of $0 < m \leq 1$.

A popular account of the mixing patterns for the three generations of quarks and leptons is through the characters $\kappa$ of a finite group $G$. Here we introduce a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space with $d=cc(G)$, the number of conjugacy classes of $G$. Groups under consideration should follow two rules, (a) the character table contains both two- and three-dimensional representations with at least one of them faithful and (b) there are minimal informationally complete measurements under the action of a $d$-dimensional Pauli group over the characters of these representations. Groups with small $d$ that satisfy these rules coincide in a large part with viable ones derived so far for reproducing simultaneously the CKM (quark) and PNMS (lepton) mixing matrices. Groups leading to physical $CP$ violation are singled out.

There is currently no effective treatment strategy for the recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (R/M ACC). Furthermore, recent single-agent and combination immunotherapy trials have failed in unselected ACC cohorts unlike non-ACC salivary gland cancers. Genomic profiling revealed no actionable targets but NOTCH1 and KDM6A frameshift and CTCF splice site mutations (no MYB/L fusion) with a low TMB, MSS and negative PD-L1. We recommended anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combination based on TMB 2-fold greater than median TMB in ACC, tumor harboring multiple immunogenic frameshift or splice site mutations, and PD-L1 negativity. Accordingly, we achieved a complete response in a radiotherapy and chemotherapy-refractory patient with locally recurrent lacrimal gland ACC and lung metastasis following personalized immunotherapy in combination with integrative therapeutics. Therefore, it is crucial to assess not only conventional immune biomarkers but also patient-specific parameters.

We proposed in this work the introduction of a new vision of stochastic processes through geometry induced by dilation. The dilation matrices of a given process are obtained by a composition of rotation matrices built in with respect to partial correlation coefficients. Particularly interesting is the fact that the obtention of dilation matrices is regardless of the stationarity of the underlying process. When the process is stationary, only one dilation matrix is obtained and it corresponds therefore to Naimark dilation. When the process is nonstationary, a set of dilation matrices is obtained. They correspond to Kolmogorov decomposition. In this work, the nonstationary class of periodically correlated processes was of interest. The underlying periodicity of correlation coefficients is then transmitted to the set of dilation matrices. Because this set lives on the Lie group of rotation matrices, we can see them as points of a closed curve on the Lie group. Geometrical aspects can then be investigated through the shape of the obtained curves, and to give a complete insight into the space of curves, a metric and the derived geodesic equations are provided. The general results are adapted to the more specific case where the base manifold is the Lie group of rotation matrices, and because the metric in the space of curve naturally extends to the space of shapes, this enables a comparison between curves’ shapes and allows then the classification of processes’ measure.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of pointwise hemi-slant submanifolds of nearly Kaehler manifolds. Further, we study their warped products and prove the necessary and sufficient condition that a pointwise hemi-slant submanifold to be a warped product manifold. Also, we prove that every pointwise hemi-slant warped product submanifold $M=M_\perp\times_fM_\theta$ which is mixed totally geodesic in an arbitrary nearly Kaehler manifold $\tilde M$ satisfies $\|h\|^2\geq\frac{2p}{9}\cos^2\theta\|\nabla(\ln f)\|^2,$ where $\|h\|$ is the length of the second fundamental form of $M$ and $2p=\dim M_\theta$; while $\nabla(\ln f)$ is the gradient of $\ln f$ along $M_\perp$. The equality case of this inequality is also given.

Recently, we studied CR-slant warped products B1×fM⊥, where B1=MT×Mθ is the Riemannian product of holomorphic and proper slant submanifolds and M⊥ is a totally real submanifold in a nearly Kaehler manifold. In the continuation, in this paper, we study B2×fMθ, where B2=MT×M⊥ is a CR-product of a nearly Kaehler manifold and establish Chen’s inequality for the squared norm of the second fundamental form. Some special cases of Chen’s inequality are given.

This paper aims to describe the geometrical structure and explicit expressions of family of finitely parametrized probability densities over smooth manifold $M$. The geometry of family of probability densities on $M$ are inherited from probability densities on Euclidean spaces $\left\{U_\alpha \right\}$ via bundle morphisms, induced by an orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms $\rho_\alpha:U_\alpha \rightarrow M$. Current literature inherits densities on $M$ from tangent spaces via Riemannian exponential map $\exp: T_x M \rightarrow M$; densities on $M$ are defined locally on region where the exponential map is a diffeomorphism. We generalize this approach with an arbitrary orientation-preserving bundle morphism; we show that the dualistic geometry of family of densities on $U_\alpha$ can be inherited to family of densities on $M$. Furthermore, we provide explicit expressions for parametrized probability densities on $\rho_\alpha(U_\alpha) \subset M$. Finally, using the component densities on $\rho_\alpha(U_\alpha)$, we construct parametrized mixture densities on totally bounded subsets of $M$. We provide a description of inherited mixture product dualistic geometry of the family of mixture densities.

Hox gene clusters are crucial in Embryogenesis. It was observed that some Hox genes are located in order along the telomeric to centromeric direction of the DNA sequence: Hox1, Hox2, Hox3…. These genes are expressed in the same order in the ontogenetic units of the Drosophila embryo along the Anterior-Posterior axis. The two entities (genome and embryo) differ significantly in linear size and in-between distance. This strange phenomenon was named Spatial Collinearity (SP). Later, it was observed that, particularly in the Vertebrates, a Temporal Collinearity (TC) coexists: first is Hox1 expressed, later Hox2 and even later Hox3,…,. According to a Biophysical Model (BM), pulling forces act at the anterior end of the cluster while a cluster fastening applies at the posterior end. Hox clusters are irreversibly elongated along the force direction. During Evolution, the elongated Hox clusters are broken at variable lengths thus split clusters may be created. An Empirical Rule was formulated distinguishing development due to a complete Hox cluster from development due to split Hox clusters. BM can ‘explain’ this Empirical Rule. In a spontaneous mutation where the cluster fastening is dismantled, a weak pulling force automatically shifts the cluster inside the Hox activation domain. This cluster translocation can probably explain the absence of Temporal Collinearity in Drosophila.

Sleep is still considered a mystery, despite intense scientific investigation. Here we present the first complete biological theory of sleep. The role of sleep is to restore the optimal homeostatic state, which is essential for tissue performance and health. Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) restores cortical and most other brain neurons, via relaxed global activity managed by thalamocortical circuits. The role of REM sleep is to restore acetylcholine (ACh) neurons, which support focused responses and hence cannot participate in global oscillations. Sleep enhances learning and memory via state restoration and ACh-affected paths. NREMS induces a lack of consciousness because global synchronous activity prevents focused responses, which are essential for consciousness. Dreams result from focused neural firing during sharp-wave ripples and REMS, and have a sense of reality because they involve the same neurons representing focused perceptual responses during wake. Anesthetics utilize a variety of mechanisms that prevent focused responses.

We explore the concept of Euclidean locality within treonic topological spaces. Our study establishes a foundational theoretical framework, elucidating the properties of continuity, homeomorphisms, and compactness in these spaces. We assess the Euclidean locality of treonic spaces through the analysis of specific homeomorphisms, which enables us to define manifolds in treonic spaces and extend recent research on Bermejo Algebras. For the first time, we characterize treonic manifolds by incorporating the property of Euclidean locality alongside previously studied properties such as Hausdorff spaces and second countable spaces. Our findings advance the understanding of the topological and geometric properties of treonic spaces, providing significant insights for advanced mathematical research.

We present a first formal analysis of specific and complete local integration. Complete local integration was previously proposed as a criterion for detecting entities or wholes in distributed dynamical systems. Such entities in turn were conceived to form the basis of a theory of emergence of agents within dynamical systems. Here, we give a more thorough account of the underlying formal measures. The main contribution is the disintegration theorem which reveals a special role of completely locally integrated patterns (what we call ι-entities) within the trajectories they occur in. Apart from proving this theorem we introduce the disintegration hierarchy and its refinement-free version as a way to structure the patterns in a trajectory. Furthermore we construct the least upper bound and provide a candidate for the greatest lower bound of specific local integration. Finally, we calculate the i-entities in small example systems as a first sanity check and find that ι-entities largely fulfil simple expectations.

In this paper we study the properties of a complete quadrangle in the Euclidean plane. Similarly, as it was done in our previous work the proofs are based on using rectangular coordinates symmetrically on four vertices and four parameters a,b,c,d. Here, we gather many properties of the complete quadrangle known from earlier but proved by the same method together with some new results given.

Robin criterion states that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We prove that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ which are not divisible by any prime number between $2$ and $953$. Using this result, we show there is a contradiction just assuming the possible smallest counterexample $n > 5040$ of the Robin inequality. In this way, we prove that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ and thus, the Riemann Hypothesis is true.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate a series of complete blood cell count – based biomarkers of systemic inflammation as predictors of clinical outcomes in patients who underwent first-line chemoimmunotherapy for advanced NSCLC. Methods: Consecutive patients with pathologically diagnosed stage III/IV NSCLC who underwent first-line chemoimmunotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical outcomes used for biomarker evaluation were Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Overall Survival (OS). Results: Non-responders had significantly higher values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, median: 5.36; IQR: 2.78–10.82 vs. 3.31; IQR: 2.15–4.12, p = 0.019), neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR, median: 14.00; IQR: 8.82–21.20 vs. 9.20; IQR: 7.45–11.20, p = 0.013), and systemic inflammation index (SII, median: 1,395; IQR: 929–3,334 vs. 945; IQR: 552–1,373, p = 0.025), but only NLR and NMR remained independently related with clinical response in multivariate logistic regression. In univariate analysis white blood cells (OR:1.2202; 95% CI: 1.0339 - 1.4400, p=0.019), neutrophils (OR:1.2916; 95% CI: 1.0692 - 1.5604, p=0.008), NLR (OR:1.3601: 95% CI: 1.0949 - 1.6896, p=0.005) and NMR (OR:1.2159; 95% CI: 1.00396 - 1.4221, p=0.015) were significantly associated with survival; Cox regression models confirmed that neutrophils, NLR and MLR were independently associated with survival; NLR at a cut-off value of 4.0 showed the better AUC (0.749) in predicting survival. Conclusions: Baseline complete blood cell count biomarkers, especially the NLR, can predict clinical outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy.

(1) Background: A growing number of communities are re-discovering the value of their streets as important public spaces for many aspects of daily life, thus creating the need for a transformation in the quality of streets. An emerging concept is to accommodate all users of the transportation system, a concept that has been labelled ‘complete streets’. (2) Methods: In this paper, we present sustainable complete streets design criteria that integrate complete streets by adding in socio-environmental design criteria related to aesthetics, environment, liveability, and safety. (3) Results: Proposed design criteria provide a street network which provides improvements in aesthetics, to recover historical urban character and realize historical area planning goals; environment, to increase permeable surfaces, reduce the heat island, and absorb traffic-related air pollution; liveability, to create a public space destination in the urban landscape; and safety, to improve the safety of all road users. and (4) Conclusions: The case study of the urban rehabilitation of the “Mostra d’Oltremare” area and of its cultural and architectural assets in Naples, Italy, highlights the practical application of the proposed criteria and the possibility of using these criteria in other urban contexts.

Bayesian techniques for engineering problems, that rely on Gaussian process (GP) regression, are known for their ability to quantify epistemic and aleatory uncertainties and for being data efficient. The mathematical elegance of applying these methods usually comes at a high computational cost when compared to deterministic and empirical Bayesian methods. Furthermore, using these methods becomes practically infeasible in scenarios characterized by a large number of inputs and thousands of training data. The focus of this work is on enhancing Gaussian Process-based metamodeling and model calibration tasks, when the size of the training datasets is significantly large. To achieve this goal, we employ a stochastic variational inference algorithm that enables rapid statistical learning of the calibration parameters and hyperparameter tuning, while retaining the rigor of Bayesian inference. The numerical performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on multiple metamodeling and model calibration problems with thousands of training data.

This article has two objectives. Firstly, we will use the vector variational-like inequalities problems to achieve local approximate (weakly) efficient solutions of Vector Optimization Problem within the novel field of the Hadamard manifolds. Previously, we will introduce the concepts of generalized approximate geodesic convex functions and illustrate them with examples. We will see the minimum requirements under which critical points, solutions of Stampacchia and Minty weak variational-like inequalities and local approximate weakly efficient solutions can be identified, extending previous results from the literature for linear Euclidean spaces. Secondly, we will show an economical application, using again solutions of the variational problems to identify with Stackelberg equilibrium points on Hadamard manifolds and under geodesic convexity assumptions.

The paper is dedicated to the numerical and experimental study of nonlinear oscillations exhibited by the Vilnius chaotic generator. The need for practical applicability of the mentioned generator in chaotic communication systems defined the necessity to study the operation of the circuit in a wide parameter range. The bifurcation maps and corresponding one-parameter diagrams, obtained and analysed utilising the Method of Complete Bifurcation Groups, reveal the complex nonlinear dynamics and regions of robust chaotic oscillations. Laboratory experiments allow the verification of the numerical results and identification of the most practically relevant phenomena.

We find that the degeneracies and many peculiarities of the DNA genetic code may be described thanks to two closely related (fivefold symmetric) finite groups. The first group has signature $G=\mathbb{Z}_5 \rtimes H$ where $H=\mathbb{Z}_2 . S_4\cong 2O$ is isomorphic to the binary octahedral group $2O$ and $S_4$ is the symmetric group on four letters/bases. The second group has signature $G=\mathbb{Z}_5 \rtimes GL(2,3)$ and points out a threefold symmetry of base pairings. For those groups, the representations for the $22$ conjugacy classes of $G$ are in one-to-one correspondence with the multiplets encoding the proteinogenic amino acids. Additionally, most of the $22$ characters of $G$ attached to those representations are informationally complete. The biological meaning of these coincidences is discussed.

In this paper we compare using computational fluid dynamics the aerothermal performance of two candidate casing manifolds for supplying an impingement-actuated active tip clearance control system for an aero-engine high-pressure turbine. The two geometries are (a) single-entry: an annular manifold fed at one circumferential location; (b) multiple-entry: a casing manifold split into four annular sectors, each sector supplied separately from an annular ring main. Both the single-entry and multiple-entry systems analysed in this paper are idealised version of active clearance control systems in current production engines. Aerothermal performance is quantitatively assessed on the basis of the heat transfer coefficient distribution, driving temperature difference for heat transfer between the jet and casing wall, and total pressure loss within the high-pressure turbine active clearance control system. We predict that the mean heat transfer coefficient (defined with respect to the inlet temperature and local wall temperature) of the single-entry active clearance control system is 77% greater than the multiple-entry system; primarily because the coolant in the multiple-entry case picks up approximately 40 K of temperature from the ring main walls, and secondarily because the average jet Reynolds number of impingement holes in the single entry system is 1.2 times greater than in the multiple entry system. The multiple-entry system exhibits many local hot and cold spots, depending on the position of the transfer boxes, while the single-entry case has a more predictable aerothermal field across the system. The multiple-entry feed system uses an average of 20% of the total available pressure drop, while the feed system for the single-entry geometry uses only 2% of the total available pressure drop. From the aerothermal results of this computational study, and in consideration of holistic aero-engine design factors, we conclude that a single-entry system is closer to an optimal solution than a multiple-entry system.

Our study aimed to identify predictors for the effectiveness of tumor regression in lung cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment and cancer resections. Patients admitted between 2016 and 2022 were included in the study. Based on the histology of the tumor, patients were categorized into lung adenocarcinoma group (LUAD), and squamous cell carcinoma group (SQCA). Ninety-five patients with non-small cell lung cancer were included in the study. Fifty-eight (61.1%) and 37 (38.9%) patients were included in the LUAD and SQCA groups, respectively. Nine (9.5%), 56 (58.9%), and 30 (31.6%) patients were categorized with a tumor regression score of I, II, and III respectively. In multivariable analyses, histology of the primary tumor (SQCA), lymph node size in the preoperative CT scan (>1.7cm) and absolute tumor size reduction after neoadjuvant treatment (>2.6 cm) independently predict effectiveness of tumor regression (OR, [95% Confidence interval, p-value] of 6.88 [2.40-19.77, p70 years, extended resection >one lobe, and tumor recurrence or metastasis were identified as significant independent predictors of reduced overall survival. Assessment of tumor size before and after neoadjuvant treatment might help to identify high-risk patients with decreased survival and to improve patient management and care.

In this paper, we demonstrate the Collatz conjecture using the mathematical complete induction method. We show that this conjecture is satisfied for the first values of natural numbers, and in analyzing the sequence generated by odd numbers, we can deduce a formula for the general term of the Collatz sequence for any odd natural number n after several iterations. This formula is used in one case that we analyze using the mathematical complete induction method in the process of demonstrating the conjecture.

Escherichia coli phage Eco_BIFF was isolated from several laboratory stocks of E. coli K-12 MG1655 derivatives. The source of the contamination is unknown. Eco_BIFF is a lytic phage that shows effective growth inhibition of E. coli K-12. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of Eco_BIFF, and major findings from its genome annotation.

No system nor standardized analytical procedures at commercial laboratories exist to facilitate and accurately measure potential viable virus contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds globally. As a result, there is high uncertainty of the extent of swine virus contamination in global feed supply chains. Many knowledge gaps need to be addressed to improve our ability to prevent virus contamination and transmission in swine feed. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge involving: 1) the need for biosecurity protocols to identify production, processing, storage, and transportation conditions that may cause virus contamination of feed ingredients and complete feed, 2) challenges of measuring virus inactivation, 3) virus survival in feed ingredients during transportation and storage, 4) minimum infectious doses, 5) differences between using a Food Safety Objective versus a Performance Objective as potential approaches for risk assessment in swine feed, 6) swine virus inactivation from thermal and irradiation processes, and chemical mitigants in feed ingredients and complete feed, 7) efficacy of virus decontamination strategies in feed mills, 9) benefits of functional ingredients, nutrients, and commercial feed additives in pig diets during a viral health challenge, and 10) considerations for improved risk assessment models of virus contamination in feed supply chains.

We study almost hypercomplex structure with Hermitian-Norden metrics on 4-dimensional Lie groups considered as smooth manifolds. All the basic classes of a classification of 4-dimensional indecomposable real Lie algebras depending on one parameter are investigated. There are studied some geometrical characteristics of the respective almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian-Norden metrics.

Herein, we reported a case of complete excision of the jejunum for the treatment of esophageal cancer. A 62-year-old male was admitted with complaints of “difficulty in eating for one month and chest pain for 10 days". For complete gastrectomy and colonic polyposis, we chose the jejunum. We completely excised the jejunum and its vessels, anastomosed to the esophageal tumor resection, with no significant complications. This case showed that complete excision of the jejunum with bowel and vessels is an alternative surgical method for the treatment of esophageal cancer with free bowel shortage and no torsion of blood vessels.

A 68-year-old man with malignant metastatic melanoma in complete remission after Pembrolizumab treatment, developed 10 months after Pembrolizumab cessation due a grade 3 diarrhea, confusion, altered mental status, progressive memory loss, gait disturbance. He was admitted to the neurologic department and comprehensive neurological workup, brain magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral fluid analysis, EEG, blood test allowed the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. The patient was treated with plasmapheresis, high dose of intravenous steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. The patient improved and he is now well with a performance status 1. This case is interesting since the AE developed approximately 10 months after the cessation of immunotherapy, the underlying cancer was in complete remission and the AE showed a good response to the treatment done.

Infant electrocardiograms (ECG) and heart rates (HR) are very useful biosignals for psychological research and clinical work, but can be hard to analyze properly, particularly long form (≥5 minutes) recordings taken in naturalistic environments. Infant HRs are typically much faster than adult HRs, and so some of the underlying frequency assumptions made about adult ECGs may not hold for infants. However, the bulk of publicly available ECG approaches focus on adult data. Here, existing open-source ECG approaches are tested on infant datasets. The best performing open-source method is then modified to maximize its performance on infant data (e.g., including a 15Hz high pass filter, adding local peak correction). The HR signal is then subsequently analyzed, developing an approach for cleaning data with separate sets of parameters for the analysis of cleaner and noisier HR. A Signal Quality Index (SQI) for HR is also developed, providing insight into where a signal is recoverable and where it is not, allowing for more confidence in analysis performed on naturalistic recordings. The tools developed and reported in this paper provide a base for future analysis of infant ECG and related biophysical characteristics. Of particular importance, the proposed solutions outlined here can be efficiently applied to real-world large datasets.

Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes and defined as early (4000 years ago as a rope less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art about of TOW. For the best of the author’s knowledge no previous information has been published. Anthropometric parameters are near 83.6, lean body mass 69.4, and body fat 16. The VO2MAX is 55.8 ml/kg/min. Relative strength, the dynamic leg power was 4659.8 N. Endurance TOW elicits minimal muscle damage. The injured strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries: back (42%), shoulder–upper limb (23%) and knee (17%). Pulling movement in TOW contests can be divided into three phases: namely "Drop", "Hold" and "Drive" phase. The maximal pulling forces was 1041.6 ± 123.9 N. The percentage of dynamic pulling force in static maximal pulling force was 75.5 ± 14.4% and the dynamic ranged from 106.4 to 182.5%. There are two gripping styles, indoor and outdoor. The friction characteristics between surface and shoe in TOW is important to determine a suitable shoe for indoor TOW. Waist Belt might be a useful piece of equipment for TOW sport. The EMG technique in Tow described a high activity of dorsal muscle during the pulling. The factor of force vanishing was the coordination among athletes. The force vanishing percentage goes from 8.82±5.59 for 2 contenders to 19.74±2.22 for 8 athletes, 6.4 % in the sum of 2 pullers. However, in the drop phase, for female elite TOW team, only the 0.5 % of them pulling force was wasted. Future studies are need in order to understand better this historical sport activity.

The present study provides a detailed analysis of the chloroplast genome of Microula sikkimensis. The genome was consisted of altogether 149,428bp and distinct regions, including large single-copy (81329bp), small single-copy (17261bp), and inverted repeat (25419bp). The genome contained 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes, some exhibited duplication in the IR region. The chloroplast genome displayed different GC content across regions, with the IR region exhibiting the highest. Codon usage analysis and the identification of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) offer valuable genetic markers. Comparative analysis with other Boraginaceae species highlighted conservation and diversity in coding and noncoding regions. Phylogenetic analysis placed M. sikkimensis within the Boraginaceae family, revealing its distinct relationship with specific species.

In the first part of this article, we discuss and generalize the complete convergence introduced by Hsu and Robbins (1947) to the r-complete convergence introduced by Tartakovsky (1998). We also establish its relation to the r-quick convergence first introduced by Strassen (1967) and extensively studied by Lai (1976). Our work is motivated by various statistical problems, mostly in sequential analysis. As we show in the second part, generalizing and studying these convergence modes is important not only in probability theory but also to solve challenging statistical problems in hypothesis testing and changepoint detection for general stochastic non-i.i.d. models.

One of the most important challenges in the Machine and Deep Learning areas today is to build good models using small datasets, because sometimes it is not possible to have large ones. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature to address this challenge. This paper aims at studying the different available Deep Learning techniques and performing a thorough experimentation to analyze which technique or combination thereof improves the performance and effectiveness of the models. A complete comparison with classical Machine Learning techniques was carried out, to contrast the results obtained using both techniques when working with small datasets. Thirteen algorithms were implemented and trained using three different small datasets (MNIST, Fashion MNIST, and CIFAR-10). Each experiment was evaluated using a well-established set of metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1, and the Matthews correlation coefficient). The experimentation allowed concluding that it is possible to find a technique or combination of them to mitigate a lack of data, but this depends on the nature of the dataset, the amount of data, and the metrics used to evaluate them.

Genus Clematis is one of the largest within Ranunculaceae. Here we report the chloroplast genome of two Clematis species, C. brachyura and C. trichotoma endemic to Korea. The chloroplast genome lengths of C. brachyura and C. trichotoma are 159,532 bp and 159,170 bp, respectively. Gene contents in the complete chloroplast genomes of these two Clematis species are identical to that of most Ranunculaceae and other angiosperms. However, our data results demonstrated that genus Clematis has inversion and rearrangement events concerning gene rps4 gene, rps16 to trnH region, and trnL to ndhC region, and IR regions expansion. Comparison of IR regions among Ranunculaceae species revealed that Clematis species contained six protein coding genes (infA, rps8, rpl14, rpl16, rps3, and rpl22) usually found in the long single copy (LSC) region of other species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that genus Clematis is closely related to genus Ranunculus. Differences in repeat structure, substitution rates, and IR expansion in genera Clematis and Ranunculus, explained their relationship. Clematis species showed slightly higher tandem repeats content than Ranunculus species. The six protein-coding genes showed lower synonymous substitution rates in the IR of Clematis species than in the LSC of Ranunculus species. Overall, the chloroplast genomes and results presented here provide important information on the evolution of Ranunculaceae.

Although Lov\'{a}sz introduced the graph exponential $G^K$ in 1967, this product has received little attention. This paper focuses on the number of components in $G^K$ when exponent $K$ is a complete graph $K_n$. For a connected bipartite $G$, when $K$ is $K_2$, $G^{K_2}$ has three components; and when $K$ is $K_n$ with $n>2$, $G^{K_n}$ produces $\lceil\frac{n+1}{2}\rceil$ components. A connected $G$ with an odd cycle produces one component in $G^{K_n}$.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an pathogenic and opportunistic Gram-positive bacteria that is the leading cause of community acquired respiratory diseases, varying from mild- to deathly- infections. Appearance of antibiotic resistant isolates has prompted the search for novel targets. One of the most promising approaches is the structure-based knowledge of possible targets in conjunction to rational design and docking of inhibitors of the chosen targets. A useful technique to help solving protein structures is to label them with a heavy atom, like selenium, that facilitates tracing of the some of the amino acid residues. We have chosen two pneumococcal DNA-binding proteins, namely the relaxase domain of MobM protein from plasmid pMV158, and the RelB-RelE antitoxin-toxin protein complex. Through the update of a previous protocol [1] that uses seleno-L-methionine, we could achieve 100% labelling of the proteins. Furthermore, the labelled proteins retained full activity as judged from relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA and from gel-retardation assays.

Background: Selectively targeting dopamine receptors has been a persistent challenge in the last years for the development of new treatments to combat the large variety of diseases evolving these receptors. Although, several drugs have been successfully brought to market, the subtype-specific binding mode on a molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Homology modeling and molecular dynamics were applied to construct robust conformational models of all dopamine receptor subtypes (D1-like and D2-like receptors). Fifteen structurally diverse ligands were docked to these models. Contacts at the binding pocket were fully described in order to reveal new structural findings responsible for DR sub-type specificity. Results: We showed that the number of conformations for a receptor:ligand complex was associated to unspecific interactions > 2.5 Å and hydrophobic contacts, while the decoys binding energy was influenced by specific electrostatic interactions. Known residues such as 3.32Asp, the serine microdomain and the aromatic microdomain were found interacting in a variety of modes (HB, SB, π-stacking). Purposed TM2-TM3-TM7 microdomain was found to form a hydrophobic network involving Orthosteric Binding Pocket (OBP) and Secondary Binding Pocket (SBP). T-stacking interactions revealed as especially relevant for some large ligands such as apomorphine, risperidone or aripiprazole. Conclusions: This in silico approach was successful in showing known receptor-ligand interactions as well as in determining unique combinations of interactions, key for the design of more specific ligands.

Allergic reactions are the most frequent adverse effects of blood transfusion, and anaphylactic shock, although less frequent, is systemic and serious. The causes of allergic reactions to blood transfusions are largely unknown, but deficiencies in serum proteins such as haptoglobin (Hp) can lead to anaphylactic shock. A complete deletion of the haptoglobin gene (HPdel) was first identified in families with anomalous inheritance and then verified as a genetic variant that can cause anaphylactic shock because homozygotes of HPdel have an Hp deficiency. Thereby, they may produce antibodies against Hp from blood transfusions. HPdel is found in East and Southeast Asian populations, but not in other populations, with a frequency of approximately 0.9% to 4%. Diagnosis of Hp deficiency due to HPdel prior to transfusion is desirable because severe adverse reactions can be prevented by washing the red blood cells and/or platelets with saline or by administrating plasma products obtained from an Hp deficient donor pool. This review outlines the background of the identification of HPdel and several genetic and immunological methods developed for diagnosing Hp deficiency caused by HPdel.

Elongate loach (Leptobotia elongata) is an endemic fish in China. Previous studies have provided some insights into the mitochondrial genome composition, and the phylogenetic relationships of L. elongata inferred using protein-coding genes (PCGs). However, the detailed information about is limited. Therefore, in this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of L. elongata and analyzed its structural characteristics. The PCGs and mitochondrial genome were used for selective stress analysis and genomic comparative analysis respectively. The complete mitochondrial genome of the L. elongata, together with those of 36 Cyprinidae species, was used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the Cobitidae family through maximum likelihood (ML) reconstruction. The results showed that the genome sequence has a full length of 16,591 bp, which includes 13 PCGs, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and two non-coding regions (CR D-loop and light chain sub-chain replication origin OL). Overall, L. elongata shared the same gene arrangement and composition of the mitochondrial genes with other teleost fishes. The Ka/Ks ratios of all mitochondrial PCGs were less than 1, indicating that all the PCGs were evolving under purifying selection. Genome comparison analyses showed a significant sequence homology of species of Leptobotia. A significant identity between L. elongata and the other 5 Leptobotia species was observed in the visualization result, except for L. mantschurica, which lacked the tRNA-Arg gene and had a shorter tRNA-Asp gene. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the Cobitidae species examined here can be grouped into two clades, with L. elongata forming a sister relationship with L. microphthalma. This study could provide additional inferences for a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among Cobititdae species.

Ramsey theory influences the dynamics of mechanical systems, which may be described as abstract complete graphs. We address a mechanical system which is completely interconnected with the two kinds of ideal Hookean springs. The suggested system mechanically corresponds to the cyclic molecules, in which functional groups are interconnected with two kinds of chemical bonds, represented mechanically with two springs k1 and k2. In this paper, we consider a Cyclic system (molecule) built of six equal masses m and two kinds of springs. We pose the following question: what is the minimal number of masses in the such a system in which three masses are constrained to be connected with spring k1 or three masses to be connected with spring k2? The answer to this question is supplied by the Ramsey theory, and it is formally stated as follows: what is the minimal number R3,3? The result emerging from the Ramsey theory is R3,3=6. Thus, in the aforementioned interconnected mechanical system will be necessarily present the triangles (at least one triangle), built of masses and springs. This prediction constitutes the vibrational spectrum of the system. Thus, the Ramsey Theory supplies the selection rules for the vibrational spectra of the cyclic molecules. Symmetrical system built of six vibrating entities is addressed. The Ramsey approach works for 2D and 3D molecules, which may be described as abstract complete graphs. The extension of the proposed Ramsey approach to the systems, partially connected by ideal springs, viscoelastic systems and systems, in which elasticity is of an entropy nature is discussed. “Multi-color systems” built of three kinds of ideal springs are addressed. The notion of the inverse Ramsey network is introduced and analyzed.

We review some semantical aspects of probability bounds from Boole’s “conditions on possible experience” violated by quantum mechanics. We also speculate about emerging space-time categories as an epiphenomenon of quantization and the resulting breakdown of relativity theory by non-unitary and non-linear processes.

The chloroplast genome is conservative and stable, which can be employed to resolve genotypes. Currently, published nuclear sequences and molecular markers failed to differentiate the species from taxa robustly, including Machilus leptophylla, Hanceola exserta, Rubus bambusarum, and Rubus henryi. In this study, the four chloroplast genomes were characterized, and then their simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and phylogenetic positions were analyzed. The results demonstrated the four chloroplast genomes consisted of 152.624 kb, 153.296kb, 156.309 kb, and 158.953 kb in length, involving 124, 130, 129, and 131 genes, respectively. Moreover, the chloroplast genomes contained typical four regions. Six classes of SSR were identified from the four chloroplast genomes, in which mononucleotide was the class with the most members. The types of the repeats were various within individual classes of SSR. Phylogenetic trees indicated that M. leptophylla was clustered with M. yunnanensis, and H. exserta was confirmed under family Ocimeae. Additionally, R. bambusarum and R. henryi were clustered together, whereas they did not belong to the same species due to the differing SSR features. This research would provide evidence for resolving the species and contributed new genetic information for further study.

In this paper, we present a complete, flexible and safe convex-optimization-based method to solve speed planning problems over a fixed path for autonomous driving in both static and dynamic environments. Our contributions are five fold. First, we summarize the most common constraints raised in various autonomous driving scenarios as the requirements for speed planner developments and metrics to measure the capacity of existing speed planners roughly for autonomous driving. Second, we introduce a more general, flexible and complete speed planning mathematical model including all the summarized constraints compared to the state-of-the-art speed planners, which addresses limitations of existing methods and is able to provide smooth, safety-guaranteed, dynamic-feasible, and time-efficient speed profiles. Third, we emphasize comfort while guaranteeing fundamental motion safety without sacrificing the mobility of cars by treating the comfort box constraint as a semi-hard constraint in optimization via slack variables and penalty functions, which distinguishes our method from existing ones. Fourth, we demonstrate that our problem preserves convexity with the added constraints, thus global optimality of solutions is guaranteed. Fifth, we showcase how our formulation can be used in various autonomous driving scenarios by providing several challenging case studies in both static and dynamic environments. A range of numerical experiments and challenging realistic speed planning case studies have depicted that the proposed method outperforms existing speed planners for autonomous driving in terms of constraint type covered, optimality, safety, mobility and flexibility.

A generalization of $\eta$-Ricci solitons is considered involving an additional metric and functions as soliton coefficients. The soliton potential is torse-forming and orthogonal to the contact distribution of the almost contact B-metric manifold. Then such a manifold can also be considered as an almost Einstein-like manifold, a generalization of an $\eta$-Einstein manifold with respect to both B-metrics and functions as coefficients. Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for a number of properties of the curvature tensor and its Ricci tensor of the studied manifolds. Finally, an explicit example of an arbitrary dimension is given and some of the results are illustrated.

Bulbophyllum is one of the largest genera and presents some of the most intricate taxonomic problems in the family Orchidaceae, including species of ornamental and medical importance. The lack of knowledge regarding the characterization of Bulbophyllum chloroplast (cp) genomes has imposed current limitations on our study. Here, we reported the complete cp genomes of seven Bulbophyllum species, including B. ambrosia, B. crassipes, B. farreri, B. hamatum, B. shanicum, B. triste and B. violaceolabellum, and compared with related taxa to provide a better understanding of their genomic information on taxonomy and phylogeny. A total of 28 Bulbophyllum cp genomes exhibit typical quadripartite structures with lengths ranging from 145,092 bp to 165,812 bp and GC content of 36.60% to 38.04%. Each genome contained 125–132 genes, encompassing 74–86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The genome arrangements, gene contents and length were similar with differences observed in ndh gene composition. A total of 18–49 long repeats and 38–80 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected and the single-nucleotide (A/T) was dominant in Bulbophyllum cp genomes, with an obvious A/T preference. An analysis of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) revealed Leucine (Leu) was the most frequently used codon, while cysteine (Cys) was the least used. Six highly variable regions including ndhF-trnLUAG, trnTUGU-trnLUAA, trnFGAA-ndhJ, rps15-trnNGUU, rbcL-accD and psbI-trnSGCU were identified based on the ranking of the Pi values, had the potential to serve as DNA markers for species identification and phylogeny of the genus Bulbophyllum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome sequences and 68 protein-coding genes strongly supported 28 Bulbophyllum species can be divided into four branches and sects. Brachyantha, Cirrhopetalum, Leopardinae defined by morphology were non-monophyly. Our results enriched the genetic resources of Bulbophyllum species, providing valuable information to illustrate the complicated taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution process of the genus.

Background: Digital health significantly affects healthcare delivery. Moreover, empirical studies on the utilization of telehealth in Dubai are limited. Accordingly, this study examines the utilization of telehealth services in Dubai Health Authority (DHA) facilities and the factors associated with telehealth appointment completion and turnaround time. Methods: This cross-sectional study examines patients who used telehealth services in DHA from 2020 through 2021 using 241,822 records. A binary logistic regression model was constructed to investigate the association between appointment turnaround time as a dependent variable and patient and visit characteristics as independent variables. Results: Of the total scheduled telehealth visits, more than three-quarter (78.55%) were completed. Older patients, non-Emiratis, patients who had their visits in 2020, patients who had video visits, and those who sought family medicine as a specialty had a shorter turn-around time to receive their appointment. Conclusions: This study identifies several characteristics associated with the turn-around time. Moreover, technological improvements focusing on specialties that can readily be addressed through telehealth and further research in this domain will improve service provision and support building an evidence base.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a prevalent issue in Indonesia, resulting in a majority of fatalities and illnesses. The most recent guidelines in the United States for managing patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) have undergone significant changes, with the recommendation for conducting percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strictly limited to patients who continue to experience symptoms despite receiving optimal medical treatment (OMT). However, adopting this approach may lead to increased morbidity and mortality due to the presence of vulnerable plaque. Vulnerable plaque is characterized by minimal obstruction during coronary angiography (40-70%) and may not produce ischemia during physiological studies. Identifying vulnerable plaques can be accomplished through several methods, among which computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is the most cost-effective approach. Recently, experts have employed different techniques, either with stents or drug-coated balloons, to manage vulnerable plaques, showing the methods to be safe and effective. The other challenge faced by patients with CCS is the possibility of achieving complete revascularization (CR) to reduce the likelihood of future major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and mortality. Both approaches, identifying and intervening in the vulnerable plaque, are difficult to perform in developing countries due to the limited budget. Studies have shown that plant-based diets (PBD) can reverse atherosclerotic plaque and stabilize vulnerable plaque, possibly leading to CR. PBD is an affordable and effective approach, but it requires healthcare providers skilled in educating and implementing this dietary approach with their patients. Large-scale randomized controlled trials in PBD, specifically aimed at addressing the vulnerable plaque and achieving CR, are necessary before implementing the PBD intervention.

The Complete Coverage Path Planning (CCPP) is a key technology in the field of agricultural robot, and has great significance for improving the efficiency and quality of tillage, fertilization, harvesting and other agricultural robot operations, as well as reducing the operation energy consumption. The traditional boustrophedon or heuristic search algorithm based CCPP methods, when coping with the field with irregular boundaries, obstacles and other complex environments, still face many problems and challenges, such as large repeated work areas, multiple turns or U-turns, low operation efficiency and prone to local optimum. In order to solve the above problems, an improved-genetic-algorithm-based CCPP method was proposed in this paper, which introduces the idea of chromosome pairs and multi-points mutation to improve its global optimization ability in complex environments, reduce the repeated work areas and the number of turns and U-turns, and thereby improve the operation efficiency. The simulation and experimental results on simple regular fields showed that the proposed improved genetic algorithm-based CCPP method achieved the comparable performance with the traditional boustrophedon-based CCPP method. However, on the complex irregular fields, although the proposed CCPP method increased the number of turns by 13.76%, the area of repeated operation and the number of U-turns were decreased by 38.54% and 35.00% respectively, and saves the battery voltage by 7.82% on average compared to the boustrophedon-based CCPP method. This proved that the proposed CCPP method has strong adaptive capacity to the environment, and has practical application value in improving the efficiency and quality of agricultural machinery operations, and reducing the energy consumption.

The behaviour and bifurcations of solutions to three-dimensional (three-phase) quadratic polynomial dynamical systems (DSs) are considered. The integrability in elementary functions is proved for a class of autonomous polynomial DSs. The occurrence of bifurcations of the type twisted fold is discovered on the basis and within the frames of the elements of the developed DS qualitative theory. The discriminant criterion applied originally to two-phase quadratic polynomial DSs is extended to three-phase DSs investigated in terms of their coefficient matrices. Specific classes of D- and S-vectors are introduced and complete description of the symmetry relations inherent to the DS coefficient matrices is performed using the discriminant criterion.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate survival rate, marginal bone levels, and full arch prosthetic success on short implants when placed in areas of severely resorbed and edentulous mandibles. Methods: This is a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials of at least 10 patients with a control group in which bone augmentations were performed that were published between January 2010 and February 2023. Only 3 relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: It obtained demonstrate that short-term dental implant survival rates ranged from 94.2% to 97.4% with a 5-year follow-up and the prosthetic success rate varied by 62% during the same follow-up. The mean marginal bone level values ​​of the affected short implants ranged from 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. Conclusions: The data obtained demonstrated that short dental implants positioned with criterion and precision as a full-arch fixed support are a valid therapeutic choice for the medium-long term rehabilitation of severe edentulous mandibular atrophy.

Speckle noise is one of the most difficult noises to remove especially in medical applications. It is a nuisance in ultrasound imaging systems which is used in about half of all medical screening systems. Thus, noise removal is an important step in these systems, thereby creating reliable, automated, and potentially low cost systems. Herein, a generalized approach MFNR (Multi-Frame Noise Removal) is used, which is a complete Noise Removal system using KDE (Kernal Density Estimation). Any given type of noise can be removed if its probability density function (PDF) is known. Herein, we extracted the PDF parameters using KDE. Noise removal and detail preservation are not contrary to each other as the case in single-frame noise removal methods. Our results showed practically complete noise removal using MFNR algorithm compared to standard noise removal tools. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) performance was used as a comparison metric. This paper is an extension to our previous paper where MFNR Algorithm was showed as a general purpose complete noise removal tool for all types of noises

The Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana) sacbrood virus (CSBV) causes death of larvae and colony collapse, and could damage the beekeeping industry in China. We sequenced complete genomes of CSBV strains derived from the Maerkang area, Wenjiang area, and Wanyuan area of Sichuan province of China. The genome length of CSBV strains from Sichuan was 8863bp, and it contained one complete Open Reading Frame of a gene with 8544 bp that encoded a protein with 2848 amino acids. The (G+C) % and (A+T) % composition ranged from 40.6 to 40.7 and 59.3 to 59.4, respectively. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the three CSBV strains and previously reported SBV and CSBV sequences from other regions. We found that viral strains clustered based on their region of origin and host species. The genetic sequences of the CSBV strain from Maerkang were 98.7% and 99.6% similar to CSBV strains from Wanyuan and Wenjiang, respectively. In addition, CSBV from Maerkang had 88.4%-95.2% sequence similarity to previously published genomes of CSBV or SBV from other areas. The VP1 gene sequenced in our study had a 43 bp deletion compared to VP1 sequences of CSBV from other regions in Asia. We detected 10 antigenic determinants on the VP1 protein of CSBV form Aba. Our study provides new insight into the diversity of CSBV strains in China and may help with identifying methods to prevent infection of honeybee colonies.

According to the fact that the low convergence level on the complete elliptic integral of the first kind for the modulus which having values approach to one. In this paper we propose novelty of the complete elliptic integral consists of the new infinite series. We apply the scheme of iteration by substituting the common modulus with own modulus function into the new infinite series. We obtained so many new exact formulas of the complete elliptic integral derived from this method correspond to the number of iteration order. On the other hand, it has been also obtained a lot of new modulus functions rather than common used previously. The calculation results show that the number of significant figures of the new infinite series of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind is increased more and more. It means more fastly convergent would be obtained comparison values with the previous infinite series.

Hox gene clusters are crucial in Embryogenesis. It was observed that some Hox genes are located in order along the telomeric to centromeric direction of the DNA sequence: Hox1, Hox2, Hox3…. These genes are expressed in the same order in the ontogenetic units of the Drosophila embryo along the Anterior-Posterior axis. The two entities (genome and embryo) differ significantly in linear size and in-between distance. This strange phenomenon was named Spatial Collinearity (SP). Later, it was observed that, particularly in the Vertebrates, a Temporal Collinearity (TC) coexists: first is Hox1 expressed, later Hox2 and even later Hox3,…,. According to a Biophysical Model (BM), pulling forces act at the anterior end of the cluster while a cluster fastening applies at the posterior end. Hox clusters are irreversibly elongated along the force direction. During Evolution, the elongated Hox clusters are broken at variable lengths thus split clusters may be created. An Empirical Rule was formulated distinguishing development due to a complete Hox cluster from development due to split Hox clusters. BM can ‘explain’ this Empirical Rule. In a spontaneous mutation where the cluster fastening is dismantled, a minimal pulling force can automatically shift the cluster inside the Hox activation domain. This cluster translocation can probably explain the absence of Temporal Collinearity in Drosophila.

Background: Coexisting monozygotic twin molar pregnancies with a living second fetus are known in the literature, with various outcomes and treatment options. Methods: Clinical praesentation of two separate throphoblastic diseases that became directly conditioned. Results: A 33-year-old nuliparous woman, after autolog insemination one blastocysts with extremely high MoM free BHCG, and in the 17th week of pregnancy, bled profusely where ultrasound found a dilated cervix filled with a mass similar to molar tissue with intact second gestational sac. The gynecologists decided on a laparotomy, so they performed a corporeal hysterotomy at the 19th week of pregnancy. A year later, the patient became pregnant spontaneously with an orderly course of pregnancy until the 30th week. Due to the acute abdomen, an emergency caesarean section is indicated, and after the laparotomy, 1000 mL of fresh blood and clots are found with a 5 cm zone of cicatricial percretism. A freshly dead male newborn 1530 g/ 44 cm, without the effect of the resuscitation procedure. With regard to cicatricial percretism, the gynecologist on duty decides on a supracervical hysterectomy.; Conclusions: The treatment approach to molar pregnancy that influenced the outcome of the second pregnancy and the overall poor reproductive outcome is discussed.

In this work, we analytically describe a superconducting transition in a non-equilibrium state taking into account many-body interactions; the obtained transition temperatures indicate the presence of superconductivity at room temperatures.First, we consider many-body interactions and discuss the case of locally thermal equilibrium with many-body interactions; in this section, we derive statistical equations that describe many-body interactions at locally thermal equilibrium state. Then, the same theory is used to derive a many-body statistical equation that is expanded to include the case of non-equilibrium states; in this case a transition temperature is derived. Moreover, a wave function of an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pair (EPR pair) is calculated according to the Lorentz conservation, and a specific condensation is observed and the Meissner effect is found to be present.Furthermore, considering the Lorentz conservations, relativistic energy, and Boltzmann statistics, algorithms are presented to calculate charge density, current density, and internal local energy. We note that these calculations do not require a specific code but instead utilize the software Microsoft Excel.We present plots showing the charge density and current density vs. the applied electric potential, which demonstrate the practical applicability of the theory. Moreover, internal local energy was found to be close to zero for sufficiently large electric potentials at room temperature.In the discussion section, the universally induced superconducting current is derived, which can be employed as the renewable energy.This paper describes non-equilibrium and EPR-pair type superconductivity, with the complete consideration of many-body interactions.

Cattle spread throughout the American continent during the colonization years, originating creole breeds that adapted to a wide range of climate conditions. Population of creole cattle in Peru is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. During the last 15 years, there have been a significant progress on cattle genomics. However, little is known about the genetics of the Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) even though its importance to (i) improve productivity in the Andean region, (ii) agricultural labor, and (iii) cultural traditions. In addition, the origin and phylogenetic relationship of the PCC is still unclear. In order to promote the conservation of the PCC, we sequenced for the first time the mitochondrial genome of a creole bull from the highlands of Arequipa, which also possessed exceptional fighting skills and was employed for agricultural tasks. The total mitochondrial genome sequence is 16,339 bp in length with the base composition of 31.43 % for A, 28.64 % for T, 26.81 % for C, and 13.12 % for G. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and nine were positioned on the L-strand. The most frequently used codons were CUA (Leucine), AUA (Isoleucine), AUU (Isoleucine), AUC (Isoleucine), y ACA (Threonine). Maximum likelihood reconstruction using complete mitochondrial genome sequences clearly demonstrated that the PCC is strongly related to native African breeds, giving insights into the ancestry of PCC. The annotated mitochondrial genome of PCC would serve as an important genetic data set for further breeding work and conservation strategies.

Carthamin potassium salt isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. was purified by an improved traditional Japanese method, without using column chromatography. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of the pure product were fully assigned using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, while the high purity of the potassium salt and deprotonation at the 3’ position of carthamin were confirmed by atomic adsorption spectroscopy and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

In the paper, by convolution theorem for the Laplace transforms and analytic techniques, the author finds necessary and sufficient conditions for complete monotonicity, monotonicity, and inequalities of several functions involving polygamma functions. By these results, the author derives a lower bound of a function related to the sectional curvature of the manifold of the beta distributions. Finally, the author poses several guesses and open problems related to monotonicity, complete monotonicity, and inequalities of several functions involving polygamma functions.

(1) Background: The elderly who have chewing difficulty (CD) are prone to malnutrition, frail-ty, and sarcopenia, and those with insufficient physical activity (IPA) are also prone to frailty, overweight, and high blood cholesterol. There is an urgent need to prepare functional foods and to promote healthy physical activity for the elderly over 70 years of age to prevent poor nutri-tion and frailty. (2) Methods: This study prepared functional foods (FF) with softened chicken moose and milkfish without fin for the elderly and compared the different effects of FF from those of music aerobic exercise (MAE) on the complete blood counts, blood biochemistry, in-cluding nutrition index of albumin, and cholesterol levels, and frailty scores before and after in-stitution of FF and MAE among residents of long-term care institutes. (3) Results: The FF signif-icantly increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels. In contrast, MAE significantly increased red blood cells (RBC), and decreased the rates of frailty items on fatigue feeling and low physical activity. In comparison between FF and MAE groups, we found that the FF for 5 weeks significantly improved better on HDL-C and MCV while the MAE for 10 weeks improved significantly better on hematopoiesis as increases in red blood cells and platelets. (4) Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that FF and MAE for the elderly have different ef-fects on nutrition status, blood biochemistry and frailty. A combination of both FF and MAE might provide better benefits of nutrition status, physical function, and frailty for the elderly.

We employed the Riemannian Face Manifold (RFM) as an alternative approach to the conventional linear Euclidean space for explaining the atypicality bias in face likeliness judgments. The RFM posits that the mental representation of faces is better captured as a manifold of stable states, accounting for the nonlinearity in the physical properties of faces. To examine the relationship between physical and psychological distance of morph and typical/atypical faces, we manipulated the parameter k and incorporated a weight function in the Riemannian metric. Our results indicate that the psychological distance between the morph and typical face was longer than that between the morph and atypical face, consistent with prior research on the atypicality bias in perceptual similarity. The RFM approach provides mathematical support and is a powerful tool for studying face perception and recognition, offering potential implications for explaining the other-race effect. Future research can utilize the RFM to investigate individual differences in face recognition abilities and expertise, and how they impact psychological distance and face processing.

Cycas (family Cycadaceae), spread throughout tropical and subtropical regions, is crucial in con-servation biology. Due to the subtle morphological variations between species, a solid spe-cies-level phylogeny for Cycas is lacking. Because of the rapid progress in high-throughput se-quencing technology, it has become feasible to acquire complete chloroplast (cp) genome se-quences, which provide a molecular foundation for phylogenetic research. In the present study, we employed next-generation sequencing technology to assemble and analyze the chloroplast genomes of six Cycas plants, including their genome structure, GC content, and nucleotide di-versity. The Cycas chloroplast genome spans 162,038 to 162,159 bp and contains 131 genes, in-cluding 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Through a comparative analysis, we found that the chloroplast genome of Cycas was highly conserved, as indicated by the contraction and expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) re-gions and sequence polymorphisms. In addition, several non-coding sites (psbK-psbI, petN-psbM, trnE-UUC-psbD, ndhC-trnM-CAU, and rpl32-trnP-GGG) showed significant varia-tion. The utilization of phylogenetic analysis relying on protein-coding genes has substantiated the division of Cycas primarily into four groups. The application of these findings will prove valuable in evaluating genetic diversity and the phylogenetic connections among closely related species. Moreover, it will provide essential support for the advancement of wild germplasm re-sources.

Commonly employed methods for reversibly disrupting gene expression, such as those based on RNAi or CRISPRi, are rarely capable of achieving >80-90% downregulation, making them unsuitable for targeting genes that require more complete disruption to elicit a phenotype. Genetic deletion, on the other hand, while enabling complete disruption of target genes, often produces undesirable irreversible consequences such as cytotoxicity or cell death. Here we describe the design, development and detailed characterization of a dual-function "TRE-Lox" system for effecting either (a) doxycycline (Dox)-mediated downregulation or (b) genetic deletion of cathepsin D (CatD), based on targeted insertion of a tetracycline-response element (TRE) and two LoxP sites into the 5' end of the endogenous gene (CTSD). Using an optimized reverse-tetracycline transrepressor (rtTR) variant fused with the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain, we show that CatD expression can be disrupted by as much as 98% in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This system is highly sensitive to Dox (IC50 = 1.46 ng/mL) and results in rapid (t1/2 = 0.57 d) and titratable downregulation of CatD. Notably, even near-total disruption of CatD expression was completely reversed by withdrawal of Dox. As expected, transient expression of Cre recombinase results in complete deletion of the CTSD gene. The dual functionality of this novel system will facilitate future studies of the involvement of CatD in various diseases, particularly those attributable to partial loss of CatD function. In addition, the TRE-Lox approach should be applicable to the regulation of other target genes requiring more complete disruption than can be achieved by traditional methods.

Abstract Objective：To explore the efficacy of modified Altemeier procedure in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. Method and Main outcome measures:The enrolled patients with complete rectal prolapse were divided into traditional and modified groups according to the surgical approach.The primary outcomes included complication rates, time and severity of postoperative recurrence, changes in pre- and postoperative Wexner anal incontinence scores and ED-5Q-5L quality-of-life autonomy scores. Secondary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay. Results:The overall complication rates were 33.33% and 6.67% and recurrence rates were 26.67% and 7% in the traditional and modified groups, respectively (P<0.05)；The duration of surgery in the traditional group was shorter than that in the modified group, but the intraoperative bleeding was significantly higher than that in the modified group, and all differences were statistically significant (P<0.05)；The length of stay and in the two groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05)；The postoperative Wexner incontinence score and ED-5Q-5L quality of life in the modified group were found to be significantly better than those in the traditional group at 8 months postoperative follow-up, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions:Pathological dilatation of the distal rectum may be another anatomical defect in complete rectal prolapse. The results of the clinical study confirmed the clinical effectiveness and safety of the modified Altmeyer procedure, which has high clinical application value.

The basic idea is to expand the completed zeta function $\xi(s)$ in MacLaurin series (infinite polynomial), which can be further expressed as infinite product (Hadamard product) by conjugate complex roots. Finally, the functional equation $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$ leads to $(s-\alpha_i)^2 = (1-s-\alpha_i)^2, i \in \mathbb{N}$ with solution $\alpha_i= \frac{1}{2}, i \in \mathbb{N}$, where $\alpha_i$ are the real parts of the zeros of $\xi(s)$, i.e., $s_i =\alpha_i\pm j\beta_i, i\in \mathbb{N}$. Therefore, a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis is achieved.

In the paper, by virtue of convolution theorem for the Laplace transforms, Bernstein's theorem for completely monotonic functions, and other techniques, the author finds necessary and sufficient conditions for a difference constituted by four derivatives of a function involving trigamma function to be completely monotonic.

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the New Zealand parasitic blowfly Lucilia sericata (green bottle blowfly) field strain NZ_LucSer_NP was generated using next-generation sequencing technology. The length of complete the mitochondrial genome is 15,938 bp, with 39.4% A, 13.0% C, 9.3% G, and 38.2% T nucleotide distribution. The complete mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a and a 1,124 bp non-coding region, similar to most metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that L. sericata NZ_LucSer_NP forms a monophyletic cluster with the remaining six Lucilia species and the Calliphoridae are polyphyletic. This study provides the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence for a L. sericata blowfly species derived from New Zealand to facilitate species identification and phylogenetic analysis.

In this paper, we introduced many new notions and new contraction named as S-weakly contraction after that we obtained the p-common best proximity point theorems for different types of contractions in the setting of complete metric spaces by using weak P_p-property and proved the uniqueness of these points. Also we presented some examples to prove the validity of our results.