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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1132.v1

Immunological Misfiring and Sex Differences/Similarities in Early COVID-19 Studies: Missed Opportunities of Making a Real IMPACT

Aditi Bhargava, Johannes D Knapp

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: coagulopathy; COVID-19; CXCL; dendritic cells; ICU; IL6; IL7; IFN; sex differences and similarities

Online: 16 August 2023 (07:57:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0584.v1

Sex/Gender Differences in Migraine: Exploring Pathophysiology, the Impact of Sex Hormones, and Tailored Therapeutic Approaches

Faizan Ahmad, Dr Rabeet Tariq, Safa Kaleem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Migraine; sex hormones; pathology; treatment

Online: 9 September 2024 (09:16:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0487.v1

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Tanya Songtachalert, Chutima Roomruangwong, Andre F. Carvalho, Michel Bourin, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: sex; anxiety disorders; 5-HT; tryptophan; immune system; inflammation

Online: 29 August 2018 (08:58:26 CEST)

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Anxiety disorders manifest in women more than in men by almost twofold. This narrative review aims to summarize the sex-related biological factors, which underpin anxiety, focusing on the interactions of sex and tryptophan/serotonin with anxiety.A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE databases from inception until December 31, 2017. This review shows that sex may interact with many serotonin functions thereby modulating anxiety, including 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT transporter and central 5-HT concentrations and metabolism. Sex-steroids modulate the expression of serotonin transporter genes, creating a difference in serotonin availability. Sex and estrous cycle phases lead to varying anxiety responses to tryptophan depletion. Testosterone, progesterone and estrogen are important factors in mediating sex differences in serotonin responses to anxiety-generating behavioral tests. At prenatal levels, there are sex-related differences in the reciprocal relationships between serotonin and the HPA-axis, which modulate anxiety-like behaviors. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxynease (IDO) and the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway thereby increasing tryptophan degradation and increasing the production of TRYCATs including kynurenine and quinolinic acid, which may create an overall anxiogenic effect. The effects of immune activation on IDO are significantly more pronounced in women than men and therefore females may show increased levels of anxiogenic TRYCAT following immune challenge. Aberrations in the IDO-activated TRYCAT pathway are found in pregnant females and parturients and are associated with increased anxiety levels in the postnatal period. The results of this review underscore the necessity of studying the associations between serotonin and anxiety in both sexes taking into account the effects of immune activation on IDO and production of anxiogenic TRYCATs. Future anxiety research should focus on the interactions between serotonin/tryptophan and sex, sex hormones, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the HPA axis and the immune system through production of anxiogenic TRYCATs.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1772.v1

Sex Differences in Human Brain Networks from the Perspective of Small-World Properties

Yingying Zhou, Yicheng Long

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neuroimaging; brain network; brain connectome; sex difference

Online: 25 June 2024 (14:24:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0684.v1

Epidemiology and Sex-related differences in extracranial complications in ICU patients with traumatic brain injury.

Manuel Cruz-Garcinuño, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Antonio Martínez-Sabater, Elena Chover-Sierra, Juan Luis Sánchez-González, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Maria Luisa Ballestar-Tarín, Ainhoa Serrano Lázaro, Ana Cobos-Rincón, Kapil Laxman Nanwani Nanwani, Regina Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Manuel Quintana-Diaz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Critical Care; Epidemiology; Brain Injuries; Intensive Care; Craniocerebral Trauma; Data Interpretation

Online: 9 July 2024 (05:45:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2029.v1

The Association of Whole and Segmental Body Composition and Anaerobic Performance in CrossFit® Athletes: Sex Differences

Tomás Ponce-García, Jerónimo García-Romero, Laura Carrasco-Fernández, Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez, Javier Benítez-Porres

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: Sports performance; anaerobic performance; lean body mass; athletes; high-intensity functional training

Online: 25 July 2024 (12:07:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0448.v2

Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Effects on Immune Function

Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: moderate exercise; vigorous exercise; upper respiratory infection; immunity

Online: 10 January 2023 (02:31:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0064.v1

Few Sex Differences in Hospitalized Suicide Attempters Aged 70 and Above

Stefan Wiktorsson, Therese Rydberg Sterner, Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg, Ingmar Skoog, Anne Ingeborg Berg, Paul Duberstein, Kimberly Van Orden, Margda Waern

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sex differences; suicide attempt; late life; depression; physical disability

Online: 11 December 2017 (13:04:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1356.v1

Optimization of Lithium Metal Anode Performance: Investigating the Interfacial Dynamics and Reductive Mechanism of Asymmetric Sulfonylimide Salts

Shuang Feng, Tianxiu Yin, Letao Bian, Yue Liu, Tao Cheng

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: Lithium Metal Battery; Electrolyte Solvation Structure; Battery Interphase; LiDFTFSI; Hybrid Molecular Dynamics

Online: 19 April 2024 (15:23:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0262.v1

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors

Kathleen L. Keller, Samantha M. R. Kling, Bari Fuchs, Alaina L. Pearce, Nicole A. Reigh, Travis Masterson, Kara Hickok

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: sex differences; eating behavior; food intake; biopsychosocial; children; brain imaging

Online: 26 January 2019 (02:49:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1531.v1

Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Non‐Genomic Signaling of Estrogen

Brian Joseph Harvey, Harry Myles Harvey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: colon cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptors, sex differences

Online: 23 November 2023 (13:35:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0122.v2

Novel NH4V4O10-Reduced Graphene Oxide Cathodes for Zinc-Ion Batteries: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Validation

He Lin, Chenfan Liu, Yu Zhang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: zinc-ion batteries; cathode materials; NH4V4O10; reduced graphene oxide

Online: 24 June 2024 (13:52:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0878.v1

Synergistic Theoretical and Experimental Insights into NH₄⁺-Enhanced Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

He Lin, Jing Xu, Yu Zhang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: zinc-ion batteries; cathode materials; ammonium; vanadium oxide

Online: 13 May 2024 (17:01:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0306.v1

Egyptian Mongoose Gut Microbiota: Taxonomical and Functional Differences across Sex and Age Classes

André C. Pereira, Victor Bandeira, Carlos Fonseca, Mónica V. Cunha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Egyptian mongoose; Gut microbiota; Microbial profiling; Bio-ecology; Mediterranean Wild Carnivores

Online: 21 February 2020 (08:02:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1604.v1

Improving Zinc-Ion Batteries Performance: The Role of Nitrogen Doping in V₂O₃/C Cathodes

He Lin, Huanhuan Cheng, Yu Zhang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: nitrogen-doped vanadium oxide; cathode; aqueous zinc-ion batteries; phase transition

Online: 28 February 2024 (08:03:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1113.v1

Zinc Storage Performance of Oxygen-Deficient NH4V3O8: Theoretical and Experimental Study

He Lin, Xuanxuan Cai, Yu Zhang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: oxygen defects; density functional theory; aqueous zinc-ion batteries; vanadium oxides

Online: 20 February 2024 (07:51:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2009.v1

Sex Differences in Prognosis of Heart Failure Due to Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Antonio Padua Mansur, Antonio Carlos Pereira-Barretto, Carlo Henrique Del Carlo, Solange Desirée Avakian, Naomi Kondo Nakagawa, Luiz Antonio Machado Cesar, Edimar Alcides Bocchi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: heart failure; cardiomyopathy; ischemic heart disease; prognosis; women; men

Online: 29 June 2023 (07:27:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0593.v1

Sex-Specific Differences in Toxicity Following Systemic Paclitaxel Treatment and Localized Cardiac Radiotherapy

Nicole Chmielewski Stivers, Benoit Petit, Jonathan Ollivier, Virginie Monceau, Pelagia Tsoutsou, Ana Quintela Pousa, Xiaoming Lin, Charles Limoli, Marie-Catherine Vozenin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: chemotherapy; radiotherapy; sex-specificity

Online: 24 June 2021 (08:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0843.v1

Sex Differences in Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood

Michelle Bous, Charline Sarah Schmitt, Muriel Charlotte Hans, Regine Weber, Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi, Sebastian Tenbruck, Bashar Haj Hamoud, Gudrun Wagenpfeil, Elisabeth Kaiser, Erich-Franz Solomayer, Michael Zemlin, Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: B cells; T cells; B1 cells; human; white blood cells; cord blood; development; ontogeny; sex differences; gender medicine

Online: 12 June 2023 (13:33:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0323.v1

Evaluation of Sex Differences in Murine Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Neutropenic Models of Invasive Mucormycosis

Teclegiorgis Gebremariam, Sondus Alkhazraji, Abdullah Alqarihi, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Laura K. Najvar, Thomas F. Patterson, Scott G. Filler, Ashraf S. S. Ibrahim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Rhizopus; Mucor; Mucormycosis; Murine; sex

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:07:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0591.v1

Sex Differences in Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniel Rodriguez Bauza, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: inflammation; atopy; exercise induced asthma; exercise induced bronchoconstriction; sex differences

Online: 27 August 2020 (05:31:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0640.v1

Sex Differences in Bone, Muscle, and Inflammatory Markers and Their Associations with Muscle Performance Variables

Pragya Sharma Ghimire, Adam Eckart, Ibtihal K. Al-Makhzoomy, James Stavitz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Wnt signaling; inflammation; muscle performance; sex difference

Online: 10 October 2023 (11:54:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0130.v1

Sex Differences in Visceral Pain and Comorbidities: Clinical Outcomes, Preclinical Models, and Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Namrata Tiwari, Liya Y Qiao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: pain; visceral; sex; clinical; preclinical; molecule

Online: 3 January 2024 (07:41:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0593.v1

Qualitative and Quantitative Sex-Related Differences in the Perception of Single Molecules from Coffee Headspace

Giorgia Sollai, Paolo Solari, Roberto Crnjar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: smell; GC-O technique; VARUs intensity; gender; individual variability

Online: 9 September 2024 (12:25:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2021.v1

Developmental Changes and Sex Differences in Infants' Neural Sensitivity to Emotional Prosodies in Spoken Words

Chieh Kao, Yang Zhang

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: emotional prosody; mismatch response; sex differences; infancy

Online: 3 October 2023 (03:44:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0607.v1

Affective Neuroscience and Sex Differences in the Relationship between Anger and Fear. If Fear Increases, Seeking and Play Decrease, in the Female Sample.

Paola Manfredi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Sex differences; basic affective systems; SEEKING; FEAR; ANGER; PANIC; PLAY; CARE; gender inequality

Online: 8 August 2024 (12:05:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0038.v1

Synthesis of Polyhydroxybutyrate Particles with Micro-to-Nanosized Structures and Application as Protective Coating for Packaging Papers

Vibhore Kumar Rastogi, Pieter Samyn

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: polyhydroxybutyrate; nanofibrillated cellulose; paper coating; hydrophobicity

Online: 7 November 2016 (06:59:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1371.v1

The Effect of Sex Differences in Percentage of Body Fat on Speed and Endurance Running Performance

Asma Kacem, Ghassen Ben Mansour, Laurent Grélot, Foued Ftaiti

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: sex; fat mass; speed; maximum aerobic velocity

Online: 22 November 2023 (03:47:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0387.v1

Balance Differences between North and South American Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional, Age and Sex Matched Study

Matheus Almeida Souza, Daniel Goble, Paige Arney, Edgar Ramos Vieira, Gabriela Silveira-Nunes, Leonardo Intelangelo, Michelle Almeida Barbosa, Alexandre Carvalho Barbosa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Aging; Accidental Falls; Frail Elderly; Postural Balance

Online: 22 November 2021 (11:50:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1817.v1

Sex/gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Jessica Barsotti, Gloria Mangani, Roberta Nencioli, Antonio Narzisi, Lucia Pfanner, Anna Maria Chilosi, Paola Cipriani, Alice Mancini, Angela Cosenza, Raffaella Tancredi, Sara Calderoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Language and communication; sex/gender; Autism Spectrum Disorder; children

Online: 26 June 2023 (13:54:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0211.v1

Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience

Zhinei Tan, Yongxia Li, Yinzheng Guan, Javed Iqbal, Chenyue Wang, Xinming Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: klotho; estrogen; hippocampus; chronic stress; sex difference; stress resilience

Online: 13 December 2022 (01:09:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0091.v1

Sex Specific Differences in Response to Calorie Restriction in Skeletal Muscle of Young Rats

Margalida Torrens-Mas, Cayetano Navas-Enamorado, Devin Wahl, Andres Sanchez-Polo, Anna Picca, Jordi Oliver, Pilar Roca, Marta Gonzalez-Freire

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: calorie restriction; aging; inflammation; autophagy; senescence.; skeletal muscle

Online: 6 September 2022 (11:01:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0168.v1

Fine Motor Precision Tasks: Sex Differences in Performance with and without Visual Guidance across Different Age Groups

Liudmila Liutsko, Ruben Muinos, Josep Maria Tous Ral, María José Contreras

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: fine motor precision; vision; proprioception; sex differences; individual differences; personality

Online: 15 November 2019 (03:46:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1375.v1

Hybrid AI-Analytical Modeling of Droplet Dynamics on Inclined Heterogeneous Surfaces

Andreas D. Demou, Nikos Savva

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: wetting hydrodynamics; droplet transport; reduced-order modeling; machine learning; Fourier neural operator

Online: 22 March 2024 (11:53:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0849.v1

Response Properties of Magnesium Doped Strontium Titanate Electrorheological Composite Hydrophilic Elastomers Based on Different Morphologies

Shu-Juan Gao, Lin-Zhi Li, Peng-Fei Han, Ling Wang, Feng Li, Tan-Lai Yu, Yan-Fang Li

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Ceramics And Composites Keywords: Mg-doped strontium titanate; morphology; electrorheological composite hydrophilic elastomers

Online: 12 June 2024 (15:05:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0008.v1

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Mesh Independency Study of A Straight Blade Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine

Siddharth Suhas Kulkarni, Craig Chapman, Hanifa Shah

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: horizontal axis tidal turbine; Computational Fluid Dynamics; mesh independency; NACA 0018

Online: 2 August 2016 (04:45:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0025.v1

Sex Differences in Response to Marek’s Disease: Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Regions (QTLRs) to the Z Chromosome

Ehud Lipkin, Jacqueline Smith, Morris Soller, David Burt, Janet Elizabeth Fulton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Marek’s Disease; QTLR; chicken Z chromosome; sexual dimorphism; linkage disequilibrium; LD blocks

Online: 1 December 2022 (10:28:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0076.v1

Electrochemical Behavior and Determination of Chlorogenic Acid Based on Carbon Nanotubes Modified Screen-Printed Electrode

Xiao-Yan Ma, Hong-Qiao Yang, Hua-Bing Xiong, Xiao-Fen Li, Jing-Ting Gao, Yun-Tao Gao

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Chlorogenic acid; screen-printed electrode; carbon nanotubes

Online: 8 August 2016 (12:07:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0168.v1

The sex Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation during the Menopause Transition at Rest and after Aerobic Exercise Training

Maycon Jr Ferreira, Rodrigo D. Esposti, Aline O. Jarrete, Carlos H. G. Sponton, Angelina Zanesco

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: sex differences; blood pressure; redox state; perimenopausal women; nitric oxide

Online: 12 December 2019 (09:43:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0409.v1

Are There Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis, Giampaolo Perna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: childhood trauma; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; sex difference; age

Online: 31 May 2022 (03:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1102.v1

PDT and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors

David Aebisher, Paweł Woznicki, Klaudia Dynarowicz, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: gastrointestinal cancers; PDT; Anticancer effect

Online: 17 November 2023 (02:33:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0398.v1

Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-β

Wannit Tongkao-on, Chen Yang, Bianca Y McCarthy, Warusavithana GM De Silva, Mark S Rybchyn, Clare Gordon-Thomson, Katie M Dixon, Gary M Halliday, Vivienne E Reeve, Rebecca S. Mason

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3; photoprotection; DNA damage; cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; edema; photoimmune suppression; female vs male mice; ER-β knockout

Online: 16 December 2020 (08:49:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0670.v1

Sex Differences in Context-Driven Reinstatement of Methamphetamine Seeking Is Associated with Distinct Neuroadaptations in the Dentate Gyrus

Yoshio Takashima, Joyee Tseng, McKenzie J. Fannon, Dvijen C. Purohit, Leon W. Quach, Michael J. Terranova, Khush M. Kharidia, Robert J. Oliver, Chitra D. Mandyam

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: granule cell neurons; electrophysiology; GluN; CaMKII; choline acetyltransferase

Online: 29 October 2018 (10:26:42 CET)

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The present study examined differences in operant responses in adult male and female rats during distinct phases of addiction. Males and females demonstrated escalation in methamphetamine (0.05 mg/kg, i.v.) intake with females showing enhanced latency to escalate, and bingeing. Following protracted abstinence, females show reduced responses during extinction, and have greater latency to extinguish compared with males, indicating reduced craving. Females demonstrated lower context-driven reinstatement compared to males, indicating that females have less motivational significance to the context associated with methamphetamine. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell neurons (GCNs) were performed in acute brain slices from controls and methamphetamine experienced male and female rats and neuronal excitability were evaluated from GCNs. Reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking reduced spiking in males, and increased spiking in females compared to controls, demonstrating distinct neuroadaptations in intrinsic excitability of GCNs in males and females. Reduced excitability of GCNs in males were associated with enhanced levels of neural progenitor cells, expression of plasticity-related proteins including CaMKII and choline acetyltransferase in the DG. Enhanced excitability in females were associated with increased GluN2A/2B ratio, indicating changes in postsynaptic GluN subunit composition in the DG. Altered intrinsic excitability of GCNs were associated with reduced mossy fiber terminals in the hilus and pyramidal projections, demonstrating compromised neuroplasticity in the DG in both sexes. The alterations in excitability, plasticity-related proteins and mossy fiber density were correlated with enhanced activation of microglial cells in the hilus, indicating neuroimmune responses in both sexes. Together, the present results indicate sexually dimorphic adaptive biochemical changes in excitatory neurotransmitter systems in the DG and highlight the importance of including sex as a biological variable in exploring neuroplasticity and neuroimmune changes that predict enhanced relapse to methamphetamine-seeking behaviors.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0198.v1

Recent Advances in Pathology of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Joon Hyuk Choi, Swan N. Thung

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; pathology; diagnosis; molecular genetics; classification

Online: 5 March 2024 (09:20:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0766.v1

Analysis of Metabolite Differences in Co-culture of Trichoderma atroviride and Metarhizium anisopliae Based on LC-MSnon-Targeted Metabolomics

Yongkun Wang, Jingyi Liu, Yi Han, Lusheng Chen, Bo Lang, Hongyi Liu, Yaqian Li, Jie Chen, Xinhua Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Trichoderma atroviride; Metarhizium anisopliae; non-targeted metabolomics

Online: 13 May 2024 (12:30:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1298.v1

Tackling Infectious Diseases in the Caribbean and South America: Epidemiological Insights, Antibiotic Resistance, and Immunological Advances

Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Darren Gopaul, Rodolfo Arrozarena-Fundora, Odalis Asin-Milan, Patrick Akpaka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Tuberculosis; HIV; Nosocomial infections; Antibiotic resistance; Salmonella; Blood transfusion safety; Immunology; West Indies; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Gram-negative bacteria; IgM antibodies

Online: 17 September 2024 (11:31:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0867.v1

Sex Differences In Glomerular Lesions, Atherosclerosis Progression, And In The Response To Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors In The Apoe^-/- Mice Model

Adrián Mallén, Ronny Rodriguez-Urquia, Rafael Alvarez, Eduard Dorca-Duch, Estanis Navarro, Miguel Hueso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Sex differences; Chronic Kidney Disease; Atherosclerosis; Foam Cells; Parietal Epithelial Cells (PECs); Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi)

Online: 13 June 2023 (03:22:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1989.v1

Genetic, Inflammatory and Immunological Biomarkers for the Early Assessment of Allergic Asthma: A Current Update

Rim M. Harfouch, Harald Renz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Asthma; biomarker; allergen-specific; subclinical; exacerbation

Online: 25 July 2024 (08:03:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0681.v1

Cancer-associated Systemic Abnormality: A Novel Marker Panel for Early-stage Breast Cancer Characterization

Stefan Schreier, Prapaphan Budchart, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Lakkana Adireklarpwong, Prakasit Chirappapha, Wannapong Triampo, Panuwat Lertsithichai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: early-stage breast cancer; circulating tumor cells; rare cells, liquid biopsy; systemic cancer; cytomorphology

Online: 12 February 2024 (11:37:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1239.v1

Stakeholders' Perceptions Regarding the Impact of the Working Environment on the Occupational Safety, Health, and Well-Being of Street-Based Sex Workers in Brussels

Sophie Gateault, Carita Håkansson, Anna Oudin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: street-based sex workers; sex workers; sex work; occupational health; occupational safety and health; Belgium; Brussels; decriminalization law

Online: 16 September 2024 (14:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0288.v1

Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women

Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo, Julia H. Goedecke, Melikhaya Soboyisi, Clement Kufe, Maphoko Masemola, Lisa K Micklesfield, Tinashe Chikowore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Nutrient patterns; Obesity; Sex differences; Total and regional adiposity; South Africa

Online: 20 October 2021 (10:17:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1037.v1

Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor (UTROSCT): A Rare Polyphenotypic Neoplasm

Giovanna Giordano, Debora Guareschi, Elena Thai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Stromal Tumor; Uterine mesenchymal neoplasm; Polyphenotypic Neoplasm; Prognosis.

Online: 16 April 2024 (10:50:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1262.v1

Gender-Based Clinical, Therapeutic Strategies and Prognosis Differences in Atrial Fibrillation

Aurelio Quesada, Javier Quesada-Ocete, Blanca Quesada-Ocete, Victor Del Moral-Ronda, Javier Jiménez-Bello, Ricardo Rubini-Costa, Carl J. Lavie, Daniel P. Morin, Fernando De la Guía-Galipienso, Ricardo Rubini-Puig, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atrial fibrillation; gender; electrical cardioversion; heart failure; mortality

Online: 17 August 2023 (07:15:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1752.v1

DATIV – Remote Enhancement of Smart Aerosol Measurement System Using Raspberry Pi Based Distributed Sensors

Gazi Hasanuzzaman, Tom Buchwald, Christoph Schunk, Christoph Egbers, Andreas Schröder, Uwe Hampel

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: particulate matter; COVID-19; distributed sensors; Raspberry Pi; WiFi; open source; low cost measurement system; indoor ventilation

Online: 26 April 2024 (12:36:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1223.v1

Prostate Cancer: Genetics, Epigenetics and the Need for Immunological Biomarkers

Guzel Rafikova, Irina Gilyazova, Kadriia Enikeeva, Valentin Pavlov, Julia G. Kzhyshkowska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: cancer genetics; cancer epigenetic; tumor microenvironment; monocytes; TAMs; prostate cancer; cancer biomarkers

Online: 16 June 2023 (10:42:15 CEST)

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Epidemiological data highlight prostate cancer as a significant global health issue, with high incidence and substantial impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of this disease is associated with various factors, including age, heredity, and race. Recent research in prostate cancer genetics has identified several genetic variants that may be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. However, despite the significance of these findings, genetic markers for prostate cancer are not currently utilized in clinical practice as reliable indicators of the disease. In addition to genetics, epigenetic alterations also play a crucial role in prostate cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, and microRNA (miRNA) expression are major epigenetic events that influence oncogenesis. Existing markers for prostate cancer, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cost of testing, follow-up procedures, and treatment for false-positive results and overdiagnosis contributes to the overall healthcare expenditure. Improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis requires either narrowing the risk group by identifying new genetic factors or enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of existing markers. Immunological biomarkers (both circulating and intra-tumoral), including markers of immune response and immune dysfunction, represent a potentially useful area of research for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Our review emphasizes the need for developing novel immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the most recent achievements in the identification of biomarkers provided by circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We highlight that monocytes-derived and TAMs-derived biomarkers can enable to establish the missing links between genetic predisposition, hormonal metabolism and immune responses in prostate cancer.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1375.v1

Demographic Differences and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Visual Perception in Commercialized Historic Streets Based on Mobile Eye Tracking

Siyu Zheng, Jiaxin Zhang, Rui Zu, Yunqin Li

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Historic Streets; Environmental Attractiveness; Visual Perception; Temporal Shifts in Attention; Mobile Eye-Tracking Technology

Online: 21 May 2024 (12:16:13 CEST)

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The commercialization of historic streets constitutes a pivotal aspect of urban cultural heritage, and the comprehension of their visual perception serves as a valuable asset to urban planning and cultural conservation efforts. However, current research concerning the disparities in visual perception among diverse demographics within historic streets, as well as their spatiotemporal dynamics, remains insufficient. This study aims to utilize mobile eye-tracking technology to delve deeply into the visual perception characteristics of diverse demographics within commercialized historic streets, while also analyzing their spatiotemporal dynamics. We explore the disparities in visual perception of historic streets among groups with varying degrees of architectural knowledge and professional literacy. Through meticulous observation using mobile eye-tracking technology, we elucidate the visual perception patterns of different demographic characteristics through statistical analysis and spatiotemporal modeling. The findings reveal significant discrepancies in visual attention and perception among various groups. Participants with a higher understanding of architecture tend to focus more on architectural details and structures within the streetscape compared to those with a lower understanding, who exhibit greater interest in elements such as shops and signage. Moreover, during the process of perceiving the streetscape, participants’ eye movements transition from surrounding landscapes and historical edifices upon initial entry to the district, gradually shifting towards the commercial activities and distinctive architecture within the district. This study delves deeply into the visual perception characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of commercialized historic streets, providing invaluable insights for urban planning and cultural preservation endeavors. By revealing the impact of different demographic characteristics on the visual perception of historic streets, it offers new insights for urban planning and cultural heritage conservation.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1551.v1

Sex aspects in lipoprotein metabolism, dyslipidemia, and lipid-lowering therapy: A comprehensive review

Jakub Michal Zimodro, Magda Mucha, Heiner K. Berthold, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; cholesterol; dyslipidemia; lipid-lowering therapy; women; sex differences

Online: 22 June 2024 (08:56:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0046.v1

New Fixed Point Results via (q,y)R-Weak Contractions with an Application

Mohammad Imded, Based Ali, Waleed M. Alfaqih, Salvatore Sessa

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: fixed point; q-contraction; binary relation; integral equation

Online: 4 May 2020 (02:54:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1368.v1

Differences in Movement Patterns Related to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Elite Judokas According to Sex: A Cross‐Sectional Clinical Approach Study

Francisco J Prados-Barbero, Eleuterio A. Sánchez Romero, Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar, Francisco Selva-Sarzo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; judo; biomechanics; knee injury; gender differences

Online: 20 September 2023 (08:40:06 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0266.v1

Comparative Study of Epithelial Entry Gene Expression of SARS-Cov-2 and Other Human Viral Species in Asthma: Differences by Sex, Airway Location Aand Disease Endotype

Mackenzie Coden, Lucas Loffredo, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Sergejs Berdnikovs

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS; HCoV-229E; MERS; influenza; virus; epithelium; asthma; allergy; inflammation; sexual dimorphism; gene expression

Online: 14 January 2021 (12:37:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1920.v1

Types of Cell Death and Their Relations to Host Immunological Pathways

Wan-Chung Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cell death; immune response; infection

Online: 26 January 2024 (13:46:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1480.v1

Additional Sex Combs-Like Family Associated with Epigenetic Regulation

Nackhyoung Kim, Sukyoung Byun, Soo-Jong Um

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ASXL; Epigenetics; Mechanism; Chromatin; Regulation; Transcription

Online: 23 April 2024 (10:08:32 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0402.v1

Perspective on Sex and Regeneration

Moshe Reuveni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Regeneration; asexual propagation; multicellular organisms; wound repair; maturation

Online: 19 August 2021 (11:27:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.2007.v1

Immunological Patient Stratification in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Johanna Rohrhofer, Lisa Hauser, Lisa Lettenmaier, Lena Lutz, Larissa Koidl, Salvatore Alessio Gentile, Davide Ret, Michael Stingl, Eva Untersmayr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, immunology, immunodeficiencies, mucosal barrier function, patient stratification, post-viral fatigue, intestinal barrier leakage, debilitating disease

Online: 30 November 2023 (16:56:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1318.v1

Cortical Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures to Examine Sex- and Age-Dependent Astrocyte-Mediated Synaptic Phagocytosis

Anastasiia Nagumanova, Lea R. Seeholzer, Barbara Di Benedetto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Organotypic brain slice culture; astrocyte; phagocytosis; synaptic elimination; prefrontal cortex; critical period; major depressive disorder

Online: 17 September 2024 (11:42:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1522.v1

High Doses of Radiation Cause Cochlear Immunological Stress and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Mengwen Shi, Huiwen Yang, Ye Wang, Chengcai Lai, Jintao Yu, Yu Sun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Radiation; Sensorineural hearing loss; Macrophage; Cochlear Inflammation

Online: 22 January 2024 (10:08:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0386.v1

The Mysterious, and Potentially Revolutionary, Immunological Properties of Transfer Factor: A Review

Robert Root-Bernstein

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: CRISPR, clonal selection, totipotent, multipotent, T cell receptors, B cell receptors, precommitted, lymphocyte, T cell vaccine, T cell vaccination

Online: 31 May 2019 (11:12:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0261.v1

Analysis of Livestock Tick Distribution and Host Preferences Based on Sex Ratio in Tehran Province

Ebrahim Abbasi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: host identification; tick distribution; epidemiology; veterinary parasitology; tick-borne diseases

Online: 5 June 2024 (10:11:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0526.v1

Nucleic Acid and Immunological Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: Processes, Platforms and Pitfalls

Avinash Premraj, Abi George Aleyas, Binita Nautiyal, Thaha Jamal Rasool

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19 testing; molecular diagnostics; immunological testing; RT-qPCR; ELISA; pool PCR; lateral flow assay; rapid assay

Online: 23 September 2020 (03:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1424.v1

’Seeing is Believing’: How Neutron Crystallography Informs Enzyme Mechanism by Visualizing Unique Water Species

Qun Wan, Brad C. Bennett

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: neutron diffraction; deuterium; hydronium; protein structure; enzyme catalysis; H/D exchange

Online: 18 September 2024 (15:28:49 CEST)

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Hydrogen is the lightest atom and composes roughly half of the atomic content in macromolecules, yet their location can only be inferred or predicted in most macromolecular structures. This is because hydrogen can rarely be directly observed by the most common structure determination techniques (such as X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy). However, knowledge of hydrogen atom positions, especially for enzymes, can reveal protonation states of titratable active site residues, hydrogen bonding patterns, and the orientation of water molecules. Though we know they are present, this vital layer of information, which can inform a myriad of biological processes, is frustratingly invisible to us. The good news is that, even at modest resolution, neutron crystallography (NC) can reveal this layer and has emerged this century as a powerful tool for elucidating enzyme catalytic mechanisms. Due to its strong and coherent scattering of neutrons, incorporation of deuterium into the protein crystal amplifies the power of NC. This is especially true when solvation and the specific participation of key water molecules are crucial for catalysis. Neutron data allow the modeling of all three atoms in water molecules and have even revealed previously unobserved and unique species such as hydronium (D3O+) and deuteroxide (OD-) ions as well as lone deuterons (D+). Herein, we briefly review why neutrons are ideal probes for identifying catalytically important water molecules and these unique water-like species, limitations in interpretation, and four vignettes of enzyme success stories from disparate research groups. One of these groups was that of Dr. Chris G. Dealwis, who died unexpectedly in 2022. As a memorial appreciation of his scientific career, we will also highlight his interest and contributions to the neutron crystallography field. As both the authors were mentored by Chris, we feel we have a unique perspective on his love of molecular structure and admiration for neutrons as a tool to query those structures.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0218.v1

Antibiotics Modulate Variable Immunological Responses in Sepsis- A Narrative Review

Naveed Saleem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Bactericidal; Bacteriostatic; Antibiotic(s); Antimicrobial Therapy; Narrative review

Online: 17 October 2022 (02:05:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0791.v1

Holographic Simulation of the Electric Field of a 6KA Rare Earth Molten Salt Electrolytic Cell

Yongfu Wu, Shouying Ma, Rixin Wang, Zhongxing Liu, Yubao Liu, Zhi Li

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: Rare earth; Holographic electric field model; Cell voltage; Structural voltage drop; Numerical simulation

Online: 10 September 2024 (09:37:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1626.v1

Differences in Brain Network Topology Based on Alcohol Use History in Adolescents

Haley Kirse, Mohsen Bahrami, Robert Lyday, Sean L. Simpson, Hope Peterson-Sockwell, Jonathan Burdette, Paul J Laurienti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: alcohol; brain networks; adolescents; resting-state connectivity; fMRI

Online: 25 September 2023 (05:20:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0213.v1

Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Eublepharid Geckos, a Lineage with Environmental and Genotypic Sex Determination

Eleonora Pensabene, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Michail Rovatsos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Gekkota; reptiles; DNA-seq; sex chromosomes; sex determination; qPCR

Online: 5 November 2020 (14:14:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0066.v1

The Effects of Load on Transmural Differences in Contraction of Isolated Mouse Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

Anastasia Khokhlova, Gentaro Iribe, Leonid Katsnelson, Keiji Naruse, Olga Solovyova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: ventricular transmural heterogeneity; cellular mechanics; load dependency; calcium transient; mechano-calcium feedback

Online: 13 December 2016 (09:49:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0733.v1

Development of Ex Vivo Analysis for Examining Cell Composition, Immunological Landscape, Tumor and Immune Related Markers in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Elena G. Ufimtseva, Margarita S. Gileva, Ruslan V. Kostenko, Vadim V. Kozlov, Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: lung cancer; adenocarcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; biomarkers; PD-L1; tumor microenvironment; tobacco smoking; macrophages; eosinophils

Online: 12 June 2024 (00:07:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0301.v1

Immunological Response against Breast Lineage Cells Transfected with Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Daffany Luana dos Santos, Bianca de França São Marcos, Georon Ferreira De Sousa, Leonardo Carvalho de Oliveira Cruz, Bárbara Rafaela da Silva Barros, Mariane Cajuba de Britto Lira Nogueira, Talita Helena de Araújo Oliveira, Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva, Vanessa Emanuelle Pereira Santos, Cristiane Moutinho Lagos De Melo, Antonio Carlos De Freitas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Keywords: oncogenes; MDA-MB-231; triple-negative.

Online: 4 January 2024 (03:06:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0161.v1

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Immunological Planning – Road to Abscopal Effect by Design

Kumara Swamy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SBRT; SABR; Abscopal; vascular-normalization; immunotherapy; phenotypic; antiangiogenics; immunoadjuvants; VIP-model; High-LET

Online: 7 June 2021 (09:32:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0897.v1

A Systematical Review on ART Use in HTLV Infection: Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Outcomes

Tatiana Fernandez, Cleyde Marconi, Iris Montaño-Castellón, Felice Deminco, CARLOS BRITES

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: HTLV; Antiretroviral; Treatment

Online: 11 July 2024 (08:27:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0597.v2

Immunological Aspects Related to Viral Infections in Severe Asthma and the Role of Omalizumab

Francesco Menzella, Giulia Ghidoni, Carla Galeone, Silvia Capobelli, Chiara Scelfo, Nicola Cosimo Facciolongo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: viral respiratory infections; severe asthma; immune response; biologicals; omalizumab

Online: 26 March 2021 (10:55:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1545.v2

The Influence of Perceived Overqualification on Constructive Deviant Behavior: The Moderating Role of Digital Leadership Across Generations

Xiulan Meng, Xiaohua Yu, Xiulan Meng

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Human Resources And Organizations Keywords: Perceived ; Overqualification; Constructive Deviant Behaviour; Digital ; Leadership; Intergenerational Differences

Online: 26 September 2024 (16:20:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0078.v1

Gender Differences in Performing an Overhead Drilling Task Using an Exoskeleton- a Cross-Sectional Study

Bettina Wollesen, Julia Katharina Graef, Sander De Bock, Eligia Alfio, Maria Alejandra Diaz, Kevin De Pauw

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: supportive systems; gender comparison; over-shoulder working task

Online: 3 September 2024 (05:28:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2267.v1

Expert and Novice Teachers’ Cognitive Neural Differences in Understanding Students’ Classroom Action Intentions

Yishan Lin, Rui Li, Jesús Ribosa Martinez, David Duran Gisbert, Binghai Sun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Expert-novice teacher; Understanding of intentions; Classroom actions; Teachers' professional insight; event-related potential

Online: 2 September 2024 (12:00:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0349.v1

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Differences in Clinical Characteristics in A Population of Patients Affected by Severe Osteoporosis and Fragility Fractures

Isabella Nardone, Rossella Antonelli, Simona Zaccaria, Sium Wolde Sellasie, Stefania Falcone, Chiara Pecchioli, Laura Giurato, Luigi Uccioli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Osteoporosis; diabetes mellitus; fragility fractures; Bone Mineral Density (BMD); Trabecular Bone Score (TBS); bone fragility

Online: 6 February 2024 (13:36:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1907.v1

Assessment of Pharmacological Adherence Using Mobile Applications in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Scoping Review

Belen Machado, Pamela Quimbaya, Rosa-Helena Bustos, Diego Jaimes, Katherinne Cortes Palacio, Daniela Vargas, Laura Perdomo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: medication adherence; pharmacological adherence; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mHealth; mobile applications

Online: 24 July 2024 (12:27:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0524.v1

Differences in Diet Assessment and Body Composition among Young Spanish Elite Footballers: Morning Training vs. Evening Training

Antonio Almendros-Ruiz, Jose Antonio Latorre, Javier Conde-Pipo, José Fernández-Martínez, Darío Acuña-Castroviejo, Bernardo Requena, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: football; soccer; body composition; exercise time of day; training schedule

Online: 6 September 2024 (10:55:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1306.v1

Influence of Patient Position-Related Differences in Intra- and Postoperative Implications on Major Anesthesia Parameters in Posterior Fossa Surgery

Oana Maria Radu, Georgeta Magdalena Balaci, Daniel Corneliu Leucuța, Vlad Ioan Moisescu, Cristina Munteanu, Stefan Ioan Florian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: hemodynamic implications; venous air embolism; sitting position; park-bench position; EtCO2; pneumocephalus; postoperative hematoma

Online: 17 September 2024 (10:42:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1521.v1

Key Aroma Differences in Volatile Compounds of Aged Feng-flavored baijiu Determined using Sensory Descriptive Analysis and GC×GC–TOFMS

Jinmei Ren, Zhi jian Li, Wei Jia

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: feng-flavored baijiu; sensory descriptive analysis; GC×; GC– TOFMS; chemometrics; key differential compounds

Online: 24 April 2024 (02:48:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0546.v1

Bioinformatic Analysis of Sex and Age Factors of the Expression of the Genes Related to Dyslipidemia-based Atherosclerosis.

Pietro Hiram Guzzi, Francesca Cortese, Elisabetta Pedace, Pierangelo Veltri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Aging; Network Science

Online: 8 August 2023 (10:16:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0750.v1

Identifying Bias in Social and Health Research: Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences Using the Alignment Approach

Ioannis Tsaousis, And Fathima M. Jaffari

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: measurement invariance; MGCFA; alignment method; configural invariance; latent means; P-GAT

Online: 12 July 2023 (07:31:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0845.v1

Sex-specific Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Sick Leave in Serbian Working Population: Findings from the National Health Survey

Snezana Knezevic, Tamara Gajic, Nela Djonovic, Sara Knezevic, Dragan Vukolic, Tatjana Marinkovic, Nikoleta Janicijevic, Dragan Vasiljevic, Slavica Djordjevic, Dragan Marinkovic, Dalibor Stajic

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: sick leave; work; healthy lifestyle; lifestyle risk factors; Serbia

Online: 11 September 2024 (10:46:38 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0161.v1

Daratumumab Interferes with Histocompatibility Crossmatch Impacting Immunological Assessment in Solid Organ Transplantation

Chak-Sum Ho, Kyle R. Putnam, Christine R. Peiter, Walter Herczyk, John A. Gerlach, Yee Lu, Erica L. Campagnaro, Kenneth J. Woodside, Matthew F. Cusick

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Antibody-mediated rejection; Crossmatch; Daratumumab; End-stage renal disease; Flow cytometry; HLA; Multiple myeloma; Transplantation

Online: 13 September 2022 (05:48:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0380.v2

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

Jennifer Fisher, Emma Jones, Victoria Flanary, Avery Williams, Elizabeth Ramsey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; drug repurposing; sex-bias; sex-aware; review; therapeutics; pharmaceuticals; computational drug repurposing

Online: 8 March 2022 (10:34:42 CET)

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Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration (1). The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER)) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex differences (2). However, drug repurposing, a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery by identifying novel uses for FDA-approved drugs, lacks sex-aware methods that can improve the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses (1,3–5). Sex-aware drug repurposing methods either select drug candidates that are more efficacious in one sex or deprioritize drug candidates based on if they are predicted to cause a sex-bias adverse event (SBAE), unintended therapeutic effects that are more likely to occur in one sex. Computational drug repurposing methods are encouraging approaches to develop for sex-aware drug repurposing because they can prioritize sex-specific drug candidates or SBAEs at lower cost and time than traditional drug discovery. Sex-aware methods currently exist for clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic information (3,6,7). They have not expanded to other data types, such as DNA variation, which has been beneficial in other drug repurposing methods that do not consider sex (8). Additionally, some sex-aware methods suffer from poorer performance because a disproportionate number of male and female samples are available to train computational methods (3). However, there is development potential for several different categories (i.e., data mining, ligand binding predictions, molecular associations, and networks). Low-dimensional representations of molecular association and network approaches are also especially promising candidates for future sex-aware drug repurposing methodologies because they reduce the multiple hypothesis testing burden and capture sex-specific variation better than the other methods (9,10). Here we review how sex influences drug response, the current state of drug repurposing including with respect to sex-bias drug response, and how model organism study design choices influence drug repurposing validation.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0518.v1

Plant Sexual Reproduction: Perhaps the current plant two-sex model should be replaced with three- and four-sex models?

Scott Meissner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: alternation of generations; fertilization; gametophyte; mating; meiosis; plant sexual reproduction; sporophyte

Online: 26 October 2020 (11:49:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0446.v1

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors (Age and Sex), Stroke Types, and Outcomes in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study

Osborne Ikechuckwu Osuegbu, Foluke Olukemi Adeniji, Golden Chukwuemaka Owhonda, Rogers Bariture Kanee, M Alblihed, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Age; Sex; Stroke Types; Outcomes; SEM; Tertiary Hospitals; Rivers State

Online: 20 July 2021 (11:45:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1

Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves

Sophie Breton, Charlotte Capt, Davide Guerra, Donald Stewart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sex determination; exual systems; bivalvia; mitochondria

Online: 30 June 2017 (07:28:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0962.v1

Clinical Variables and Peripheral Biomarkers Associated with Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder: Which Differences between Alcohol, Cannabis and Psychostimulants?

Martina Di Paolo, Antonia Calabrese, Guido Nosari, Valentina Ciappolino, Luisa Cirella, Alice Caldiroli, Enrico Capuzzi, Massimo Clerici, Massimiliano Buoli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alcohol; cannabis; clinical variables; peripheral biomarkers; psychostimulants; substance-induced psychotic disorder

Online: 19 February 2024 (14:34:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0616.v1

Discovery of Transfer Factors in Plant Source Proteins and In Vitro Assessment of Their Immunological Activities

Mesfin Yimam, Teresa Horm, Shengxin Cai, Alexandria O’Neal, Ping Jiao, Mei Hong, Thida Tea, Qi Jia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Transfer factor; Natural Killer cells; plant proteins; immune support; Brassica juncea; Raphanus sativus

Online: 9 November 2023 (08:45:42 CET)

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Repeated exposure to pathogens leads to evolutionary selection of adaptive traits. Many species transfer immunological memory to their offspring to counteract future immune challenges. Transfer factor such as that found in colostrum is among the many mechanisms where transfer of immunologic memory from one generation to the next can be achieved for enhanced immune response. Here, a library of 100 plants with high protein contents were screened to find plant-based proteins that behave like a transfer factor moiety to boost human immunity. Aqueous extracts from candidate plants were tested on a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxicity assay using human cancerous lymphoblast cells - K562 cells as a target and Natural Killer cells as an effector. Plant extracts that caused PBMCs to exhibit enhanced killing beyond the capability of the colostrum-based transfer factor were considered hits. Primary screening yielded an 11% hit rate. Protein content of these hits were tested by Bradford Assay and Coomassie stained-SDS-PAGE, where three extracts were confirmed to have high protein contents. Plants with high protein contents underwent C18 column fractionation using methanol gradients followed by membrane ultrafiltration to isolate proteins with molecular weight <3 kDa, 3-30 kDa, and >30 kDa fractions. It was found that the 3-30 kDa and >30 kDa fractions had high activity in the PBMC cytotoxicity assay. The 3-30 kDa ultrafiltrates from the top two hits, seeds from Raphanus sativus and Brassica juncea, were then selected for protein identification by mass spectrometry. The majority of the proteins in the fractions were found to be seed storage proteins, with low abundance of proteins involved in plant defense and stress response. These findings suggest that Raphanus sativus or Brassica juncea extracts could be considered for further characterization and immune functional exploration with a possibility of supplemental use to bolster recipients’ immune response.

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