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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1287.v1

SE-CBAM-YOLOv7: An Improved Lightweight Attention Mechanism-Based YOLOv7 for Real-Time Detection of Small Aircraft Targets in Microsatellite Remote Sensing Imaging

Zhenping Kang, Yurong Liao, Shuhan Du, Haonan Li, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: aircraft detection; YOLOv7; CBAM; SENet; microsatellite

Online: 18 June 2024 (15:09:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0043.v1

A Proposal to Change the Leap-Second Adjustments to UTC

Judah Levine

Subject: Physical Sciences, Atomic And Molecular Physics Keywords: Coordinated Universal Time; Leap seconds; UT1; UTC

Online: 3 June 2024 (08:01:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1134.v1

The Mother's Day Solar Storm of 11 May 2024 and Its Effect on Earth's Radiation Belts

Viviane Pierrard, Alexandre Winant, Edith Botek, Maximilien Péters de Bonhome

Subject: Physical Sciences, Space Science Keywords: geomagnetic storm; solar energetic particles; solar event; radiation belts; energetic protons; relativistic electrons

Online: 14 September 2024 (10:38:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0069.v1

An Attitude Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control Algorithm with Feedforward Compensation Disturbance Observer for Microsatellites to Track High-Speed Moving Targets

Xinyan Yang, Lei Li, Yurong Liao, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Microsatellite; Attitude Control; Moving Target Tracking; Disturbance Observer; Sliding Mode Control

Online: 1 March 2024 (18:25:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0090.v1

Design and Imaging of Ground-Based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO SAR) with Non-Collinear Arrays

Cheng Hu, Jingyang Wang, Weiming Tian, Tao Zeng, Rui Wang

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: MIMO radar; MIMO imaging; Near-field imaging; Height difference between T/R arrays; Grating lobes

Online: 15 March 2017 (00:48:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1215.v1

Evaluating the VIIRS Imagery for Developing Near Real-Time Nationwide Vegetation Cover Monitoring in Indonesia

Yudi Setiawan, Kustiyo Kustiyo, Sahid Agustian Hudjimartsu, Judin Purwanto, Riva Rovani, Anna Tosiani, Basyiruddin Usman, Tatik Kartika, Novie Indriasari, Lilik Budi Prasetyo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: change detection; temporal vegetation dynamics; open area index; multi temporal VIIRS

Online: 18 April 2024 (10:57:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0113.v1

Geomagnetic Field Measurements based Adaptive Cubature H-infinity Filter for Microsatellite Autonomous Orbit Estimation

Zhaoming Li, Xinyan Yang, Lei Li, Yurong Liao

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: autonomous orbit estimation; microsatellite; cubature Kalman filter; robust; geomagnetic field

Online: 1 July 2024 (13:54:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0347.v1

The Uncertainty Principle and the Minimal Space-Time Length Element

David Escors, And Grazyna Kochan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: General relativity; uncertainty principle; geodesics; black hole singularity; quantum gravity; Planck star; Lorentz invariance violations.

Online: 18 August 2022 (11:06:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1780.v1

Blossoming Insights: A Bibliometric Review of Botanical Gardens’ Research Across Time (1960-2023)

Abdul Manan, Amar Maruf, Aidi Ahmi, Umar Ode Hasani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Botanical Gardens; Bibliometrics; Ecological Restoration; Essential Oils; Climate Change; Multidisciplinary Projects

Online: 27 May 2024 (22:31:26 CEST)

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This bibliometric analysis delves into the realm of botanical gardens through the process of mapping literature and discerning research frontiers, underlying themes, and interconnections within the extant body of knowledge. The study uses a dataset of 1340 publications and employs methodologies such as authors' keywords co-occurrence data to examine the discipline's trends, patterns, and knowledge gaps. The study finds significant growth in literature from 1960 to 2023, emphasizing botanical gardens, conservation, taxonomy, biodiversity, ex-situ conservation, and diversity. Key influencers such as Sanja Kovačić, Elaissi, and Chemli have steered research directions towards ex-situ conservation and essential oils, reflecting the field's interdisciplinary nature. The study shows global institutional variation, with entities like the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Royal Botanic Gardens UK, and the New York Botanical Garden US leading the discourse. Thematic analyses have identified core themes and emerging research topics, with ecological restoration, essential oils, invasive species, and climate change mirroring the field's expanding scope. The consistent prevalence of themes such as 'botanical gardens' and 'conservation' over time underscores their enduring significance. Emerging topics like climate change and biodiversity are gaining prominence, signaling a shift in research priorities. The expanding array of subjects, including 'invasive species' and 'genetic diversity,' indicates an amplified scope and growing complexity in botanical garden research. This study aims to bridge a crucial gap by outlining the developmental trajectory of botanical gardens and offering guidance for future research directions. Diverse research domains within botanical garden studies, including biodiversity, essential oils, taxonomy, and ex-situ conservation, present extensive avenues for exploration. Future research endeavors should delve into these impactful themes to better understand botanical ecosystems and their conservation. The study emphasizes the importance of nurturing interdisciplinary collaborations and multidisciplinary projects, advocating for a comprehensive and collaborative approach to future research in botanical garden studies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1876.v1

Assessment of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Based on Dual-Optimization Random Forest

Chao Li, Huisheng Wu, Chaojun Yang, Long Cui, Ziyue Ma, Lejie Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: particle organic carbon; Mediterranean; machine learning; tuneRanger R package; geographic detector

Online: 28 May 2024 (14:28:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2089.v1

The Entropy of the Collapsing Molecular Cloud

Gemechu Muleta Kumssa

Subject: Physical Sciences, Space Science Keywords: Entropy; Gravity; Turbulence; Molecular cloud; Star formation

Online: 31 May 2024 (08:10:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0088.v1

Multi-range Conditional Random Field for Classifying Railway Electrification System Objects

Jaewook Jung, Leihan Chen, Gunho Sohn, Chao Luo, Jong-Un Won

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: classification; railway; power line; mobile laser scanning data; conditional random field; layout compatibility

Online: 26 September 2016 (09:33:05 CEST)

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Railway has been used as one of the most crucial means of transportation in public mobility and economic development. For efficiently operating railways, the electrification system in railway infrastructure, which supplies electric power to trains, is essential facilities for stable train operation. Due to its important role, the electrification system needs to be rigorously and regularly inspected and managed. This paper presents a supervised learning method to classify Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) data into ten target classes representing overhead wires, movable brackets and poles, which are recognized key objects in the electrification system. In general, the layout of railway electrification system shows a strong regularity of spatial relations among object classes. The proposed classifier is developed based on Conditional Random Field (CRF), which characterizes not only labeling homogeneity at short range, but also the layout compatibility between different object classes at long range in the probabilistic graphical model. This multi-range CRF model consists of a unary term and three pairwise contextual terms. In order to gain computational efficiency, MLS point clouds is converted into a set of line segments where the labeling process is applied. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a local classifier considering only node features for producing the unary potentials of CRF model. As the short-range pairwise contextual term, Potts model is applied to enforce a local smoothness in short-range graph. While, long-range pairwise potentials are designed to enhance spatial regularities of both horizontal and vertical layouts among railway objects. We formulate two long-range pairwise potentials as the log posterior probability obtained by Naïve Bayes classifier. The directional layout compatibilities are characterized in probability look-up tables which represent co-occurrence rate of spatial relations in horizontal and vertical directions. The likelihood function is formulated by multivariate Gaussian distributions. In the proposed multi-range CRF model, the weight parameters to balance four sub-terms are estimated by applying the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The results show that the proposed multi-range CRF can effectively classify detailed railway elements, representing the average recall of 97.66% and the average precision of 97.07% for all classes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v6

Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy

Kabir Umar

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: chirality; dark energy; dark matter; extra dimension; gravity; neutrino; vacuum energy

Online: 23 September 2024 (12:19:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0890.v1

Characterization of Industrial High-Strength Aluminum Alloys by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, With Special Emphasis on the Detection of Low Contents of Mg, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn and Sensing of Molecular Diatomic Emission of AlO During Ablation

Svetlana Rytchkova, Luc Lévesque

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); Aluminum (Al); Magnesium (Mg); Manganese (Mn); Chromium (Cr); Copper (Cu); Zinc (Zn); Aluminum Monoxide (AlO).

Online: 16 February 2024 (07:01:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1383.v1

A Peak Finding Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (PF-SCNN) for Aero-engine Hot Jet FT-IR Spectrum Classification

Shuhan Du, Wei Han, Zhenping Kang, Fengkun Luo, Yurong Liao, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: infrared spectrum detection; FT-IR; aero-engine hot jet; siamese convolutional neural network networks; peak finding

Online: 17 July 2024 (13:41:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1279.v1

CWT-AM-CNN: A Lightweight Feature Extraction Network with Attention Mechanism Based on CWT Peak Seeking Method for Aero-Engine Hot Jet FT-IR Classification

Shuhan Du, Wei Han, Zhenping Kang, Xiangning Lu, Yurong Liao, Zhaoming Li

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Infrared Spectral detection; FT-IR; Aero-engine hot jet; deep learning; Attention Mechanism

Online: 20 June 2024 (12:51:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0062.v1

Development and Testing of a Smart Ice Control System Using Machine Learning Models

Dario Farina, Hatim Machrafi, Patrick Queeckers, Patrice Desire Dongo, Carlo Saverio Iorio

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: aerospace icing prevention; risk mitigation in aviation; graphene-based sensors; dynamic ice sensing; de-icing; conductive polymer applications; smart sensors; pedot:pss polymers; 2D materials; micromachines

Online: 3 June 2024 (10:41:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0030.v1

Surface Ages in the Vicinity of the Chang’e-6 Landing Site

Li Zhang, Jianzhong Liu, Gregory Michael, Ping Ge, Kaichang Di, Congzhe Wu, Kai Zhu, Xiaoxi Kang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: Chang’ e-6; CSFD measurements; absolute model age; Apollo basin

Online: 2 September 2024 (08:54:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0839.v1

Lifetime of Long-Lived Sunspot Groups

Judit Muraközy

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Solar physics; Sunspots; Sunspot groups; Sunspot cycle; Solar magnetic fields; Solar active region magnetic fields

Online: 12 June 2024 (12:21:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0117.v2

Emergence of Time from Primordial Space and Expansion of Space with Time

Eckhard Rebhan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: space-time; generic space expansion; emergence of time; dark energy; quantum grav-ity; Wheeler-de Witt-equation; volume quantisation; friction by information transfer; information quantum

Online: 28 May 2024 (14:26:25 CEST)

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A model of space-time is presented, whose origin is set before the appearance of any universe. It uses concepts of previous work, a central one being that the information about the laws of nature is stored locally everywhere in space such that all physical processes obey them. Since information storage is bound to matter or energy, space is assumed to consist of dark energy (DE), which thus assumes an importance far beyond its function as a stopgap for an energy deficit in our universe ( U ). The primordial state (PS) is a timeless and relatively large space of 3 dimensions described by a Wheeler DeWitt (WDW) equation, whose solution is interpreted as an arrangement of very many space quanta and possesses properties that remind of the time-honored concept of the unmoved mover. The comparison of WDW solutions belonging to different mass densities of the DE favors one in which the space quanta are mini black holes. This allows the space quanta to be imagined as mass points which are kept at a distance compatible with the quantum volume by the Pauli principle or something equivalent. Triggered by a dramatic increase in probability, the PS is followed by a time-controlled sequence of quantized expansion states (ES i ). The concomitant emergence of time occurs in a lightning huge crash, consuming almost all DE of the PS. The subsequent quantized ES i emerge from a WDW equation, novelly derived from a solution of the modified cosmic momentum equation, which classically describes an exponential space expansion (CS). The huge volme of the ES i is also used as size of the PS. Information is assumed to be geometrically stored in arrangements of space quanta similar to how genetic information is stored in DNA molecules. During the CS information must be transferred from already existing "information quanta" to new ones. This requires time, slows down the expansion and is taken into account by a friction term in the cosmological momentum equation thus modified. Since the Friedmann-Lemaître (FL) equation remains fully valid, the model is widely based on recognized equations, so that some results may be understood as interpretations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0928.v1

Transmission Spectroscopy Along the Transit of Venus: A Proxy for Exoplanets Atmospheric Characterization

Alexandre Baptista Branco, Pedro Machado, Olivier Demangeon, Sarah Amelia Jaeggli, Thomas Widemann, Paolo Tanga

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Venus; Solar Transit; High-resolution transmission spectroscopy; Radiative transfer; Cross-correlation; Carbon dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Ozone; Venus-like exoplanets

Online: 11 July 2024 (08:37:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1366.v1

Pore Characteristics of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments from Krishna-Godavari Basin, Offshore India

Wen Guan, Hailin Yang, Xindi Lu, Hailong Lu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: hydrate-bearing sediments; microporous structure; Krishna-Godavari Basin; pore characterization

Online: 20 August 2024 (03:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0039.v1

Water Recuperation from Regolith at Martian, Lunar & Micro-gravity during Parabolic Flight

Dario Farina, Hatim Machrafi, Patrick Queeckers, Christophe Minetti, Carlo Saverio Iorio

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: regolith hydration; water extraction technologies; parabolic flight simulation; ice-regolith interaction; substrate condensation efficiency; in-situ resource utilization (ISRU); thermal condensation processes; micro-gravity experiments; surface properties and water recovery; space resources; space mining

Online: 1 May 2024 (09:56:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1700.v1

Ionospheric Absorption Variation Based on Ionosonde and Riometer Data and the NOAA D-RAP Model over Europe During Intense Solar Flares in September, 2017

Veronika Barta, Tamás Bozóki, Dávid Péter Süle, Daniel Kouba, Jens Mielich, Tero Raita, Attila Buzás

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Space And Planetary Science Keywords: space weather; solar flare; ionosphere; ionospheric absorption; ionosonde data; HF radio wave absorption; radio fade-out; riometer; D-RAP model

Online: 23 September 2024 (12:16:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0336.v1

Does Time Smoothen Space? Implications for Space-Time Representation

Neil Sang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: Discreteness; Topology; Space-Time Representation; Epistemology; Face Centered Cubic Packing

Online: 21 October 2022 (11:38:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0809.v5

Elementary Particles and Their Interaction with Space-Time Curvature

Eran Magshim Lavi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: elementary particles; space-time; spacetime curvature; relativity; charges; TOE

Online: 16 August 2024 (04:48:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1444.v1

Environmental Chamber Characterization of an Ice Detection Sensor for Aviation Using Graphene and PEDOT:PSS

Dario Farina, Marco Mazio, Hatim Machrafi, Patrick Queeckers, Carlo Saverio Iorio

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Ice Formation; Aircraft Ice Detection; Hazard Management; Graphene Sensors; In-Flight Safety Technology; Real-time Ice Monitoring; Resistance Signal Analysis; Pedot:PSS; Climatic chamber

Online: 25 March 2024 (08:47:38 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0899.v1

A Study on the Factors for the Occurrence of Vacant Homes in Medium Cities and Characteristics of Each Types – Focusing on Asan City, Chungcheongnam-Do

Jeonghyeon Choi, Seung-Seok Han, Myung-je Woo

Subject: Social Sciences, Urban Studies And Planning Keywords: vacant home; poisson; negative binomial regression; spatial regression

Online: 15 March 2024 (07:48:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0138.v1

Sustaining Wheat Physiology, Biomass and Yield through Nitrogen Management under Contrasting Environmental Conditions

Umara Qadeer, Mukhtar Ahmed, Fayyaz ul Hassan, Muhammad Akmal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: climate; rainfed wheat; N fertilization; split and full N application; photosynthetic rate; agronomic traits

Online: 12 October 2019 (05:25:52 CEST)

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Optimizing the nitrogen (N) timings and rate can improve nutrient uptake, and nutrient-efficiencies, especially of N in wheat under the changing climate scenario. Climatic stress in the form of high temperature and drought resulted in the decreased crop physiology and, ultimately, grain yield. Taking the example of rainfed wheat, we quantified the impact of N application rates as full and split-dose at three variable sites of rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan by conducting field experiments for two years (2013-14 and 201-15). Treatments include, T1 = Control (No fertilizer applied), full dose of N applied at the time of crop sowing, i.e. T2 = 50 kg N ha^-1, T3 = 100 kg N ha^-1 and T4 = 150 kg N ha^-1 and split application of N at different timings during different stages of the crop called as split application of N, i.e. T5: Application of 50 kg N ha^-1 (15 kg N ha^-1 (Sowing) : 20 kg N ha^-1 (Tillering) :15 kg N ha^-1 (Anthesis), T6: Application of 100 kg N ha^-1 (30 kg N ha^-1 (Sowing): 40 kg N ha^-1 (Tillering) : 30 kg N ha^-1 (Anthesis) and T7: Application of 150 kg N ha^-1(45 kg N ha^-1 (Sowing) : 60 kg N ha^-1 (Tillering) : 45 kg N ha^-1 (Anthesis). Three study sites include viz. Islamabad (High rainfall with optimum temperature), University Research Farm (URF)-Koont (Medium rainfall with moderate temperature), and Talagang (low rainfall with high temperature). Results showed that the highest stomatal conductance (0.80 mole m^-2 sec^-1), net photosynthetic rate (20.07 μmole m^-2s^-1), transpiration rate (9.58 mmole m^-2s^-1), intercellular CO2 concentration (329.25 μmole CO₂ mol^-1 air), SPAD values (58.86 %) and proline contents (35.42 μg g^-1) were obtained for split application of N (T6 = Split N100) compared to control and full dose of N treatments. Among sites, these physiological traits remained highest at Islamabad and lowest at Talagang, while among years, maximum values of the measured parameters were obtained in 2013-14. A similar trend was observed for crop total N, N efficiencies, and agronomic traits of the crop. Our results suggest that optimum N application rate and its suitable timings can help to harvest real benefits of N as in our findings, split dose resulted in the maximum performance of the crop from physiological parameters to the agronomic traits of the rainfed wheat crop.

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0603.v1

Based on the Concept of Absolute Airspace Reference System Revision and Unification of Space-Time Transformation Theory

Shandong Zhao, Yijia Zhao

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: absolute airspace; Space-time transformation; Relativity ; theory; Spatiotemporal metric

Online: 11 June 2024 (08:44:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0686.v1

Unmasking AI-Generated Fake News Across Multiple Domains

Chiradeep Nanabala, Chilukuri K. Mohan, Reza Zafarani

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: fake news detection; misinformation; disinformation; AI-generated fake news; natural language processing; machine learning; large language models; multidomain analysis; cross-domain evaluation

Online: 13 May 2024 (03:06:52 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0250.v1

Beyond Deep Learning—Space, Time, and Emergence

Ge Wang, Feng-Lei Fan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Artificial neural network; deep network; wide network; intra-layer links; Hopfield network; diffusion model; representation engineering; emergent properties; AI agents; netware engineering

Online: 3 November 2023 (11:44:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0433.v1

A Novel Algorithm for Classifying Vegetation and Non-Vegetation Using Red Edge Slope Coefficient with Hyperspectral LCTF Imaging

Bayarsaikhan Uudus, Bayartsetseg Oyungerel, Yukihiro Takahashi, Erdenebaatar Dashdondog, Turtogtokh Tumenjargal, Narangarvuu Dashdondog, Qinxue Wang, Hasi Bagan, Begzsuren Tumendemberel

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Hyperspectral Imaging; Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter; Red Edge Slope Coefficient; Spectral Reflectance; Vegetation Classification; Remote Sensing Algorithms

Online: 8 May 2024 (15:28:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0008.v1

Spectral and Polarization Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazars

Markus Boettcher

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: active galaxies; blazars; jets; polarization; shock acceleration

Online: 8 July 2016 (03:03:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0461.v1

Variations of VEGFR2 Chemical Space: Stimulator and Inhibitory Peptides

Claudiu N. Lungu, Ionel Mangalagiu, Gabriela Gurau, Mihaela Cezarina Hîncu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: peripheral artery disease; molecular modeling; docking; angiogenesis; vascular morphogenesis; chimeric protein

Online: 7 June 2024 (07:32:42 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

On a Duality between Time and Space Cones

Waleed Al-qallaf, Kyriakos Papadopoulos

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: causality; chronology; chorology; Minkowski space; time cone; space cone; weak interval topology; duality

Online: 24 May 2019 (08:22:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1790.v1

Segment Anything Model (SAM 2) Unveiled: Functionality, Applications, and Practical Implementation Across Multiple Domains

Jahanggir Hossain Setu, Mahmudul Islam, Syed Tangim Pasha, Nabarun Halder, Ekram Hossain, Asif Mahmud, Ashraful Islam, Md. Zahangir Alam, M. Ashraful Amin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Segment Anything Model 2; SAM 2; Video Segmentation; Real-Time Segmentation; Video Processing; Memory Attention; Streaming Memory; Interactive Segmentation; Spatio-Temporal Segmentation; Promptable Segmentation

Online: 26 August 2024 (08:27:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1914.v1

Estimates for Certain Rough Multiple Singular Integrals on Triebel-Lizorkin Space

Hussain Al-Qassem, Mohammed Ali

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Triebel-Lizorkin space; singular integrals; Rough kernels; product spaces

Online: 27 August 2024 (17:06:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2044.v1

Evaluation of Solid Phase Joining Using Friction Stir Welding Technique between Aluminum 6061 and Polymer-Based Composites

NOUMAN ALI, Zain ul Abadeen, Yumna Qureshi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: FSW (Friction Stir Welding); IMc (Intermetallic Compounds); UTM (Universal Testing Machine); RPM (Revolutions Per Minute); HAZ (Heat Affected Zone); WZ (Weld Zone); BM (Base Metal); CNC (Computer Numeric Control); EDM (Electrical Discharge Machine)

Online: 29 August 2024 (16:58:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0664.v1

Socioeconomic Characteristics And Satisfaction Level Across Forest Products And Vegetable Farming Of The Agroforestry Community In Khost Province, Afghanistan

Mujib Rahman Ahmadzai, Mohd Hasmadi Ismail, Pakhriazad Hassan Zaki, Mohd. Maulana Magiman, Paiman Bawon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Agroforestry practices; socioeconomic development; natural resources; farmers; satisfaction level

Online: 9 July 2024 (13:18:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1649.v1

Topic Modeling as a Tool to Identify Research Diversity: A Study Across Dental Disciplines

Maria Teresa Colangelo, Stefano Guizzardi, Carlo Galli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Research Diversity; Shannon's Entropy; Topic Modeling

Online: 22 August 2024 (11:34:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1573.v1

Climate Change Impacts on Viticulture in Italy: Insights from Historical and Future Scenarios Across Administrative Areas, Latitudes, and Elevations

Vittorio Alba, Alessandra Russi, Angelo Raffaele Caputo, Giovanni Gentilesco

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: Bioclimatic Characterization; Viticulture Suitability Assessment; Latitude and elevation; Future Scenarios.

Online: 24 June 2024 (12:27:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1861.v1

Stability Analysis and Dynamic Simulations for Gravity Gradient of a Large Rigid Space Structure

Chenglei Tang, Jialiang Sun, Dongping Jin

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Stability analysis; Gravity gradient; Large rigid space structure; Orbit dynamics; Natural coordinate formulation

Online: 29 March 2024 (13:45:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1376.v2

Deflection of Null and Time-like Geodesics in Topological Defects Space-Time Geometry

Faizuddin Ahmed, Abdul Kayum, Monjur Alom Choudhury, Mahmudul Hassan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: Topological defects; Gravitational lensing

Online: 25 July 2023 (03:39:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0234.v1

Asymmetric Convolution Guided Multipath Fusion Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Networks

Jie Liu, Bing Zhao, Ming Tian

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Semantic segmentation; Asymmetric convolution; Feature misalignment; High-level semantic information

Online: 3 July 2024 (00:20:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1264.v1

Microwave Corona Breakdown Suppression of Microstrip Coupled-Line Filter Using Lacquer Coating

Ming Ye, Shaoguang Hu, Rui Wang, Yong Zhang, Yongning He

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: coupled-line filter; dielectric coating; microstrip circuits; microwave corona breakdown suppression ;

Online: 18 June 2024 (13:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0522.v1

Analysis of a Relaxation Process Caused by the Load Variation Adapted on the Basis of Second Order Electrical Model

Guzel Nikishina, Evgeny Denisov

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: lithium battery; electrochemical power sources; diagnostics; battery management system; load variation; in situ method

Online: 31 December 2021 (12:59:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1725.v1

Ionosonde Measurements Comparison during an ICME- and a SIR/CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm over Europe

Kitti Alexandra Berényi, Loredana Perrone, Dario Sabbagh, Alessandro Ippolito, Carlo Scotto, Árpád Kis, Veronika Barta

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Space And Planetary Science Keywords: space weather; geomagnetic storms; ionosphere; ionospheric storm; ICME; SIR/CIR; ionosonde; Digisonde; rTEC; TIMED/GUVI

Online: 25 June 2024 (07:15:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0063.v1

Optimal Time to Enter a Retirement Village

Jinhui Zhang, Sachi Purcal, Jiaqin Wei

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: retirement village; optimal control; optimal stopping, HARA, American put option; long-term care needs, costs and products for the elderly; disability/health state transitions; life-cycle modelling related to the retirement phase

Online: 12 December 2016 (11:18:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1228.v1

Real-Time Document Collaboration System Using Orchestrated Containers

Daniel Iovescu, Cătălin Tudose

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: collaborative work; design document collaboration software; dependable systems; microservices pattern; cloud computing; orchestrated cloud environment; independent containers; collaborative technologies; distributed system architecture

Online: 19 August 2024 (04:26:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0987.v1

3D FEM Modeling of Polish Apple ‘Chopin’: Elastic vs. Elastoplastic Behavior Across Maturity Stages

Monika Słupska, Roman Stopa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: discrete model; FEM; apple; fruit; stage of ripening

Online: 12 September 2024 (09:23:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1049.v1

Telling Tales (Tails): Factors Associated with Older People’s Anxiety Symptom Positioning after COVID-19

Gail Low, Anila Naz AliSher, Juceli Morero, Zhiwei Gao, Gloria Gutman, Alex Franca, Sofia VonHumboldt

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: anxiety; coping behaviors; older adults; survey; logistic regression

Online: 14 August 2024 (11:17:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0300.v1

Monitoring Forests in Space and Time Using Close-Range Sensing

Mikko Vastaranta, Ninni Saarinen, Tuomas Yrttimaa, Ville Kankare, Samuli Junttila

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: forest change; remote sensing; natural phenomena; growth; tree health; forest operations

Online: 21 February 2020 (02:53:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1792.v1

Unsupervised Characterization of Water Composition with UAV-based Hyperspectral Imaging and Generative Topographic Mapping

John Waczak, Adam Aker, Lakitha O. H. Wijeratne, Shawhin Talebi, Ashen Fernando, Prabuddha M. H. Dewage, Mazhar Iqbal, Matthew Lary, David Schaefer, Gokul Balagopal, And David J. Lary

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Hyperspectral Imaging; Remote Sensing; Unsupervised Classification; Endmember Extraction; Generative Topographic Mapping

Online: 3 June 2024 (17:09:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0080.v1

Health as a Space-Time Continuum

Anatolii Gozhenko, Viktor Biryukov, Olena Gozhenko, Walery Zukow

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: space-time continuum; the theory reliability of complex systems; integrated assessment of health; redundancy of functions; risk management

Online: 5 November 2018 (03:35:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0371.v1

Dynamic Path in C⁴ Space-Time

Dimitris Mastoridis, K. Kalogirou

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: dynamic path; ADM formalism; complex space-time; extended space-time; unied theories; geometric unication

Online: 19 September 2018 (08:30:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0369.v1

Field Equations in C⁴ Space-Time

Dimitris Mastoridis, K. Kalogirou

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: general relativity; geometric unication; dark matter-energy; mass geometrisation; complex space-time; symplectic space-time; extended space-time

Online: 19 September 2018 (08:21:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0261.v1

Assessing Point Forecast Bias Across Multiple Time Series: Measures and Visual Tools

Andrey Davydenko, Paul Goodwin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: forecasting; forecast evaluation; forecast bias; mean bias; median bias; MPE; AvgRel-metrics; AvgRelAME; AvgRelAMdE; RelAME; RelMdE; AvgRelME; AvgRelMdE; OPc

Online: 12 May 2021 (09:48:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1704.v1

Vision System for the Mars Sample Return Capture, Containment and Return System (CCRS)

Brent Jon Bos, David Donovan, John Capone, Chen Wang, Terra Hardwick, Dylan Bell, Yuqing Zhu, Robert Podgurski, Bashar Rizk, Ireneusz Orlowski, Rachel Edison, David Harvey, Brianna Dizzon, Lindsay Haseltine, Kristoffer Olsen, Chad Sheng, Robert Bousquet, Luan Vo, Georgi Georgiev, Kristen Washington, Michael Singer, Stefan Ioana, Anloc Le, Elena Georgieva, Michael Hackett, Michael Ravine, Michael Caplinger, Phillip Coulter, Erin Percy, Charles Torisky, Jean Lauenstein, Kaitlyn Ryder, Michael Campola, Dillon Johnstone, William J. Thomes, Richard G. Schnurr, John McCloskey, Eugenia DeMarco, Ellen Lee, Calinda Yew, Bo Yang, Mingyu Han, Bartosz Blonski

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Mars; cameras; sample return; space optics

Online: 26 April 2024 (09:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0135.v1

Phylogeny of Land Plants: a Case Study of Deep-Time Reconstructions

Yin-Long Qiu, Brent D. Mishler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: land plants; phylogeny; morphology; sequence characters; genome structural characters; congruence

Online: 2 July 2024 (00:22:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2152.v1

Bottom Crack Detection with Real-Time Signal Amplitude Correction Using EMAT-PEC Composite Sensor

Yizhou Guo, Yu Hu, Kai Wang, Yini Song, Bo Feng, Yihua Kang, Zhaoqi Duan

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: bottom crack; lift-off; EMAT; PEC; amplitude correction; signal fusion

Online: 26 July 2024 (10:21:41 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1074.v1

A New Theory of Tree Sap Flow

András Török, Domokos Máthé, Imre Hegedus

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: plant water transport, suction-pressure pipe, pulsating system, different time-phase cycle, aquaporin

Online: 19 February 2024 (16:46:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1554.v1

Exogenous Cytokinin 4-PU-30 Modulates the Response of Wheat and Einkorn Seedlings to UV-B Radiation

Elisaveta Kirova, Irina Moskova, Vasilissa Manova, Yana Koycheva, Zoia Tsekova, Denitsa Borisova, Hristo Nikolov, Ventzeslav Dimitrov, Iskren Sergiev, Konstantina Kocheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: antioxidant gene expression; flavonoids; oxidative stress; phenolic compounds; phenylurea-cytokinin; proline; remote sensing; ROS; spectral reflectance

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:58:18 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Quantum Computation and Measurements from an Exotic Space-time $R^4$

Michel Planat, Raymond Aschheim, Marcelo Amaral, Klee Irwin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: Topological quantum computing; $4$-manifolds; Akbulut cork; exotic $R^4$; fundamental group; finite geometry; Cayley-Dickson algebras

Online: 18 March 2020 (16:45:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2092.v1

Design and On-Orbit Performance of Ku-Band Phase-Array SAR Payload System

Wei Yan, Xiaomin Tan, Jiang Wu, Mingze Yuan, Hongxing Dang, Wujun Chang

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Ku band; SAR system; payload; Taijing-4(03); on-orbit; application; micro-nano; satellite

Online: 29 August 2024 (07:14:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1707.v2

High-Resolution Mapping of Shrub Biomass in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments by Integrating Remote Sensing Observations across Multiple Spatial Scales

Wenchao Liu, Jie Wang, Yang Hu, Taiyong Ma, Chunbo Li, Irsa Ejaz, Jilin Yang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Shrub biomass; Machine learning; Muti-platform; UAV; Land cover

Online: 5 March 2024 (07:18:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0900.v1

Econometric Analysis of GDP and Income Inequality in Greece: A Diachronic Study Across Pre-Crisis, Crisis, and Post-Crisis Periods

Panagiotis Karountzos, Nikolaos T. Giannakopoulos, Damianos P. Sakas, Stavros P. Migkos, Kyriaki I. Efthalitsidou

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: economic growth; GDP; income inequality; Gini coefficient; Greece; memorandum; financial crisis; econometric analysis

Online: 11 September 2024 (17:11:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0082.v2

A Field-Theory Approach for Modeling Dissipative Relativistic Fluids

Nils Andersson, Thomas Celora, Gregory Comer, Ian Hawke

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: relativistic fluids; dissipation; field theory

Online: 16 July 2024 (05:26:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2242.v1

The Second Critical Exponent for a Time Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equation

Takefumi Igarashi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: time fractional diffusion equation; blow-up; global existence; critical exponent

Online: 29 July 2024 (11:13:35 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1983.v1

Matter Is the Representation of Space-Time

Xiaohan Deng, Zhiyong Deng

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: Space-time group; Space-time entanglement; Quantization of space-time; Dark matter and dark energy; CPT Symmetry

Online: 29 January 2024 (08:46:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0445.v1

Antigravity in the Six Dimensional Space-Time

seyed kazem mousavi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: antigravity; electromagnetic; six dimensional space-time

Online: 7 September 2023 (02:49:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0453.v1

Theory of Spinors in Curved Space-Time

Ying-Qiu Gu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: Clifford algebra; tetrad; spinor connection; natural coordinate system; energy-momentum tensor; local Lorentz transformation; spin-gravity interaction

Online: 31 March 2020 (10:03:22 CEST)

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The interaction between spinors and gravity is the most complicated and subtle interaction in the universe, which involves the basic problem to unified quantum theory and general relativity. By means of Clifford Algebra, a unified language and tool to describe the rules of nature, this paper systematically discusses the dynamics and properties of spinor fields in curved space-time, such as the decomposition of the spinor connection, the classical approximation of Dirac equation, the energy momentum tensor of spinors and so on. To split spinor connection into Keller connection $\Upsilon_\mu\in\Lambda^1$ and pseudo-vector potential $\Omega_\mu\in\Lambda^3$ by Clifford algebra not only makes the calculation simpler, but also highlights their different physical meanings. The representation of the new spinor connection is dependent only on the metric, but not on the Dirac matrix. Keller connection only corresponds to geometric calculations, but the potential $\Omega_\mu$ has dynamical effects, which couples with the spin of a spinor and may be the origin of the celestial magnetic field. Only in the new form of connection can we clearly define the classical concepts for the spinor field and then derive its complete classical dynamics, that is, Newton's second law of particles. To study the interaction between space-time and fermion, we need an explicit form of the energy-momentum tensor of spinor fields. However, the energy-momentum tensor is closely related to the tetrad, and the tetrad cannot be uniquely determined by the metric. This uncertainty increases the difficulty of deriving rigorous expression. In this paper, through a specific representation of tetrad, we derive the concrete energy-momentum tensor and its classical approximation. In the derivation of energy-momentum tensor, we obtain a spinor coefficient table $S^{\mu\nu}_{ab}$, which plays an important role in the interaction between spinor and gravity. From this paper we find that, Clifford algebra has irreplaceable advantages in the study of geometry and physics.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1325.v2

Deep Learning-based Approach for Optimizing Urban Commercial Space Expansion Using Artificial Neural Networks

Dawei Yang, Jiahui Zhao, Ping Xu

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Commercial space; Points of interest; Deep learning; BP Neural Network

Online: 7 April 2024 (13:58:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0543.v1

Short–Term Memory Capacity Across Time and Language Estimated from Ancient and Modern Literary Texts

Emilio Matricciani

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: Alphabetical Languages; Artificial Intelligence Writing; Greek; Latin; New Testament; Readers Overlap Probability; Short−Term Memory Capacity, Texts; Translation; Word Interval

Online: 8 May 2023 (13:28:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1974.v1

Tsallis Q-statistics Fingerprints in Precipitation Data Across Sicily

Vera Pecorino, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Tsallis q-statistics; Sicily rainfall data; climate change

Online: 29 May 2024 (12:08:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0122.v1

Landau Tidal Damping and Major-Body Clustering in Solar and Extrasolar Subsystems

Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Demosthenes Kazanas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Dynamical evolution of planets and satellites; Extrasolar planets; Gravitation; Landau damping; Mean tidal field

Online: 2 April 2024 (09:18:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1007.v1

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry Problem Solving across Versions and Languages

Wajeeh Daher, Hussam Diab, Anwar Rayan

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Artificial intelligence; generative artificial intelligence; chemistry; problem solving; ChatGPT

Online: 19 February 2024 (16:15:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1058.v1

Lightweight Chip Pad Real-Time Alignment Detection Method and Application Based on Improved YOLOv5s

Yanli Zou, Zongjian Zhang, Chiyang Zhou, Yufei Tan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: deep learning; chip detection; small target detection; lightweighting

Online: 14 August 2024 (16:48:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1477.v1

Advancing Skarn Iron Ore Detection Through Multispectral Image Fusion and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN)

Jabir Abubakar, Zhaochong Zhang, Zhiguo Cheng, Fojun Yao, Abdoul-Aziz BIO SIDI D. BOUKO

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Aster bands; Band ratio (BR) images; Principal Component (PC) bands; 3D-CNN

Online: 23 April 2024 (09:44:59 CEST)

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This study explores novel techniques to improve the detection accuracy of skarn iron deposits using advanced image processing methodologies. Leveraging the capabilities of Aster image, Band Ratio (BR) images, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), alongside the power of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN), the research aims to enhance the precision and efficiency of ore detection in complex geological environments. The proposed method employs a specific 3D-CNN architecture, accepting input as a 7×7×C image patch, where C represents the combined number of selected Aster image bands, Principal Component (PC) bands, and computed BR images. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, five distinct image bands combinations, including the proposed bands combination, were tested and evaluated based on the overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA), and kappa coefficient. The results demonstrated that while the incorporation of BR images alongside Aster bands initially seemed promising, it introduced significant confusion in certain classifications, leading to unexpected mis-classification rates. Surprisingly, utilizing solely Aster bands as input parameters yielded higher accuracy rates (OA= 93.13%, AA = 91.96%, Kappa = 90.91%) compared to scenarios involving the integration with band ratios (OA = 87.02%, AA = 79.15, and Kappa = 82.60%) or the integration of BR images to PC bands (OA= 87.78%, AA = 82.39%, Kappa = 83.81%). However, the amalgamation of Aster bands with selected PC bands showed slight improvements in accuracy (OA= 94.65%, AA = 92.93%, Kappa = 93.45%), although challenges in accurately classifying certain features persisted. Ultimately, the proposed combination of Aster bands, PC bands, and BR images (proposed bands combination) presented the most visually appealing and statistically accurate results (OA = 96.95%, AA= 94.87%, and Kappa = 95.93%), effectively addressing misclassifications observed in the other combinations. These findings underscore the synergistic contributions of each of the Aster bands, PC bands, and BR images, with Aster bands proving pivotal for optimal skarn classification, PC bands enhancing intrusions classification accuracy, and BR images strengthening wall rock classification accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed combination of input image bands emerges as a robust and comprehensive methodology, demonstrating unparalleled accuracy in the remote sensing detection of skarn iron minerals.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1155.v1

Belgrade’s Sustainable Transition: Reflections by Urban Planners on Change in Planning Urban Green Space

Sladana Milovanovic, Ivan Cvitković, Katarina Stojanović, Ante Klečina

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: urban green space; urban planner; urban governance; sustainable transition; Belgrade

Online: 15 July 2024 (12:09:04 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2149.v1

Analysis and Monitoring of Air Quality through Discrete Time Markov Chai

Muhammad Muwahid Asim, Muhammad Musa Amjad, Amna Sarfaraz, Zaiwar Ali

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Air Quality (AQ); Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC); Environmental Data Analysis; Indoor Air Quality (IAQ; Air Pollution Forecasting; Sensor Networks

Online: 29 August 2024 (12:25:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2072.v1

Real-Time Quality Inspection through Industry 4.0 Technologies

Junior Anchundia, Francescoly Berrones, Alexandra Verdugo, Mayra Comina

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Quality 4.0; digital transformation; Industry 4.0; artificial intelligence in quality control; automated inspection systems

Online: 30 May 2024 (15:52:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1593.v1

Evolution of Dew and Rain Water Resources in Gujarat (India) between 2005 and 2021

Rupal Budhbhatti, Anil Roy, Marc Muselli, Daniel Beysens

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Water resources; dew and rain increase; dew/rain ratio; dew/rain correlation; dew/rain mapping; Gujarat (India); climate change.

Online: 24 June 2024 (11:36:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2062.v1

IFU Spectroscopic Study of the Planetary Nebula Abell 30: Mapping the Ionization and Kinematic Structure of the Inner Complex

Kam Ling Chan, Quentin Andrew Parker, Andreas Ritter

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Planetary nebulae; Abell 30; Integral spectroscopy; Kinematics; velocity maps; Binary system; born-again scenario; wolf rayet central star; hydrogen deficient CSPN

Online: 30 May 2024 (13:43:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v6

The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Space Time

Amrit Ladhani

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: big bang and big crunch; cosmology; dark energy; dark matter; gravitational force; the cyclic universe

Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1670.v1

Understanding Microplastics Retention Efficiency and Sorption Dynamics in Porous Media

Hande Okutan, Çağdaş Sağır, Bedri Kurtuluş, Hasan Burak Özmen, Emrah Pekkan, Moumtaz Razack, Philippe Le Coustumer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: microplastics; porous media; retention; transport; polyethylene; retention efficiency; numerical model; MT3DMS; MODFLOW

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:41:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0545.v1

Global Generalized Mersenne Numbers: Definition, Decomposition, and Generalized Theorems

Vladimir Pletser

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Mersenne numbers; Generalized Mersenne numbers; divisibility and congruence properties

Online: 9 February 2024 (10:50:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1173.v1

Solving Confirmation Time in Sharded Blockchain with PFQN

Junting Wu, Haotian Du, Jin Chen, Wei Ren

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Networks And Communications Keywords: blockchain sharding; transaction confirmation time; cross-shard transactions; product-form queue network

Online: 19 March 2024 (16:06:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1350.v1

Comparation of CALPUFF and CFD Modeling of Toxic Gas Dispersion in Mountainous Environments

Mei Li, ChoHo Lo, Dongou Yang, Yuanchen Li, Zhe Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Mountainous Environment; High Sulphur Gas; CALPUFF; CFD; Atmospheric Dispersion Model

Online: 18 September 2024 (12:11:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0075.v1

Transcending Time and Space: A Survey Methods, Uncertainty, and Development in Human Migration Prediction

TongZheng Pu, Chongxin Huang, Jingjing Yang, Ming Huang

Subject: Social Sciences, Demography Keywords: human migration; prediction; methods; artificial intelligence; data; uncertainty

Online: 6 April 2023 (07:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0308.v1

Irradiance Variability Quantification and Small-Scale Averaging in Space and Time: A Short Review

Gerald M. Lohmann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: irradiance variability, high-resolution measurements, increment statistics

Online: 19 June 2018 (17:10:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0403.v1

The Structure of Evolutionary Model Space for Proteins Across the Tree of Life

Gabrielle E. Scolaro, Edward L. Braun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Molecular evolution; Substitution matrix; Amino acid exchangeability; Models of sequence evolution; Protein evolution; Archaea; Bacteria

Online: 21 December 2022 (13:06:09 CET)

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The factors that determine the relative rates of amino acid substitution during protein evolution are complex and they are known to vary among taxa. We estimated relative exchangeabilities for pairs of amino acids from clades spread across the tree of life and assessed the historical signal in the distances among these clade-specific models. We trained these models separately on collections of arbitrarily selected protein alignments and on ribosomal protein alignments. In both cases we found a clear separation between the models trained using multiple sequence alignments from bacterial clades and the models trained on archaeal and eukaryotic data. We assessed the predictive power of our novel clade-specific models of sequence evolution by asking whether fit to the models could be used to identify the source of multiple sequence alignments. Model fit was generally able to classify protein alignments correctly at the level of domain (bacterial versus archaeal), but the accuracy of classification at finer scales was much lower. The only exceptions to this were the relatively high classification accuracy for two archaeal lineages: Halobacteriaceae and Thermoprotei. Genomic GC content had a modest impact on relative exchangeabilities despite having a large impact on amino acid frequencies. Relative exchangeabilities involving aromatic residues exhibited the largest differences among models. There were a small number of exchangeabilities that exhibited large differences in comparisons among major clades and between generalized models and ribosomal protein models. Taken as a whole, these results reveal that a small number of relative exchangeabilities are responsible for much of the structure of the “model space” for protein sequence evolution. If we look beyond the information that these clade-specific models reveal about protein evolution the models themselves are likely to be useful tools for phylogenomic inference across the tree of life.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1799.v1

Machine Learning-Driven Calibration of Traffic Models based on a Real-time Video Analysis

Ekaterina Lopukhova, Ansaf Abdulnagimov, Grigory Voronkov, Elizaveta Grakhova

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: Traffic simulation models; connected car; calibration; V2I; machine learning; intelligent analysis of the video stream

Online: 28 April 2024 (10:58:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0444.v1

Advancing Vaccinology Capacity: Education and Efforts in Vaccine Development and Manufacturing across Africa

Jean Paul Sinumvayo, Pierre Celestin Munezero, Adegboyega Taofeek Tope, Rasheed Omotayo Adeyemo, Muritala Issa Bale, Jean Baptiste Nyandwi, Haakuria Vetja, Leon Mutesa, Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: vaccinology; African countries; education; vaccine manufacturing

Online: 7 June 2024 (08:25:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0210.v1

Two Dark Clouds on the Space-Time Horizon

TEJINDER P. SINGH

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Gravitation; wide binaries; Modified Newonian Dynamics; dark matter; supraquantum nonlocal correlations; Bell's inequalities; CHSH inequality; fifth force; unification; quantum nonlocality; Popescu-Rohrlich bound

Online: 4 April 2024 (02:30:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0913.v1

The Electric Charge Influence on Space-Time Curvature

Eran Magshim Lavi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: electric charge; spacetime curvature; relativity

Online: 19 February 2024 (10:16:40 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0320.v1

Huge Filaments as Regions of Space-Time Deformation

Irina Rozgacheva

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: cosmology; large scale structure; huge filaments; space-time deformation

Online: 20 May 2020 (06:52:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0368.v4

C⁴ Space-Time.. A Window to New Physics?

Dimitris Mastoridis, Konstantinos Kalogirou

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: extended space-time; complex space-time; unified theories; geometric unification; dark matter-energy; Cartan's principle of triality; extended general-special relativity

Online: 7 February 2020 (04:34:13 CET)

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We explore the possibility to form a physical theory in $C^4$. We argue that the expansion of our usual 4-d real space-time to a 4-d complex space-time, can serve us to describe geometrically electromagnetism and nuclear fields and unify it with gravity, in a different way that Kaluza-Klein theories do. Specifically, the electromagnetic field $A_\mu$, is included in the free geodesic equation of $C^4$. By embedding our usual 4-d real space-time in the symplectic 8-d real space-time (symplectic $R^8$ is algebraically isomorphic to $C^4$), we derive the usual geodesic equation of a charged particle in gravitational field, plus new information which is interpreted. Afterwards, we formulate and explore the extended special relativity and extended general relativity an $C^4$ or$R^8$. After embedding our usual 4-d space-time in $R^8$, two new phenomena rise naturally, that are interpreted as "dark matter" and "dark energy". A new cosmological model is presented, while the geometrical terms associated with "dark matter" and "dark energy" are investigated. Similarities, patterns and differences between "dark matter", "dark energy", ordinary matter and radiation are presented, where "dark energy" is a dynamic entity and "dark matter" reveal itself as a "mediator" betwen ordinary matter and "dark energy". Moreover, "dark matter" is deeply connected with "dark energy". Furthermore, the extended Hamilton-Jacobi equation of the extended space-time, is transformed naturally as an extended Klein-Gordon equation, in order to get in contact with quantum theories. By solving the Klein-Gordon equation analytically, we derive an eigenvalue for Higg's boson mass value at 125,173945 $Gev/c^{2}$. The extended Klein-Gordon equation, also connects Higg's boson (or vacuum) with Cosmology, due to the existence of our second "time" T (cosmological time), which serve us to connect quantum theories with Cosmology. Afterwards, in the general case, we explore the symmetries of the curved Hamilton-Jacobi equation locally, in order to investigate the consequences of a $C^4$ space-time in Standard Model. An extension to Standard Model is revealed, especially in the sector of strong nuclear field. The Stiefel manifold $SU(4)/SU(2)$ seems capable not only to describe the strong nuclear field but give us,as well, enough room to explore in the future, the possibility to explain quark confinment. Our extension, flavors firstly the unification of nuclear fields and afterwards the unification of nuclear fields with electromagnetic field. The desired grand unification, is achieved locally, through the symmetry group $GL(4,C)\simeq SO(4,4)\cap U(4)$ and we present a potential mechanism to reduce the existing particle numbers to just six. Afterwards,23 present the extended Dirac equation in $C^4$ space-time (Majorana-Weyl representation) plus a preliminary attempt to introduce a pure geometric structure for fermions. Finally, we consider a new geometric structure through n-linear forms in order to give geometric explanation for quantisation

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0374.v1

Introduction to Fermionic Structures in C⁴ Space-Time

Dimitris Mastoridis, K. Kalogirou

Subject: Physical Sciences, Space Science Keywords: unied theories; geometric unication; fermionic geometry; Cartan's principle of triality; complex space-time

Online: 19 September 2018 (08:34:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0129.v1

Space-Time Characterization of Rainfall Field in Tuscany

Alessandro Mazza

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; rain gauge; kriging; trend detection

Online: 31 October 2016 (01:37:36 CET)

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