Search: id:a015083
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A015083
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Carlitz-Riordan q-Catalan numbers (recurrence version) for q=2.
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+0
40
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1, 1, 3, 17, 171, 3113, 106419, 7035649, 915028347, 236101213721, 121358941877763, 124515003203007345, 255256125633703622475, 1046039978882750301409545, 8571252355254982356001107795, 140448544236464264647066322058465, 4602498820363674769217316088142020635
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Limit_{n->inf} a(n)/2^((n-1)(n-2)/2) = Product{k>=1} 1/(1-1/2^k) = 3.462746619455... (cf. A065446). - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 24 2005
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LINKS
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J. Fürlinger, J. Hofbauer, q-Catalan numbers, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, Volume 40, Issue 2, November 1985, Pages 248-264.
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FORMULA
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a(n+1) = Sum_{i=0..n} q^i*a(i)*a(n-i) with q=2 and a(0)=1.
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = 1 / (1 - x*A(2*x)) = 1/(1-x/(1-2*x/(1-2^2*x/(1-2^3*x/(1-...))))) (continued fraction). - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 24 2005
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} Product_{k=0..n-1} 2^k*x*A(2^k*x). - Paul D. Hanna, May 17 2010
a(n) = the upper left term in M^(n-1), M = the infinite square production matrix:
1, 2, 0, 0, 0, ...
1, 2, 4, 0, 0, ...
1, 2, 4, 8, 0, ...
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
...
Also, a(n+1) = sum of top row terms of M^(n-1). Example: top row of M^3 = (17, 34, 56, 64, 0, 0, 0, ...); where a(4) = 17 and a(5) = 171 = (17 + 34 + 56 + 64). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 14 2011
G.f.: T(0), where T(k) = 1 - x*(2^k)/(x*(2^k) - 1/T(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 17 2013
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 17*x^3 + 171*x^4 + 3113*x^5 + 106419*x^6 + 7035649*x^7 + ...
a(1) = 1,
a(2) = 2^1 + 1 = 3,
a(3) = 2^3 + 2^2 + 2*2^1 + 1 = 17,
a(4) = 2^6 + 2^5 + 2*2^4 + 3*2^3 + 3*2^2 + 3*2^1 + 1 = 171. (End)
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MATHEMATICA
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a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[2^i*a[i]*a[n - i - 1], {i, 0, n - 1}];
m = 17; ContinuedFractionK[If[i == 1, 1, -2^(i-2) x], 1, {i, 1, m}] + O[x]^m // CoefficientList[#, x]& (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 17 2019 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n)=if(n==0, 1, sum(i=0, n-1, 2^i*a(i)*a(n-1-i))) \\ Paul D. Hanna
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<1, n==0, A = vector(n, i, 1); for(k=0, n-1, A[k+1] = if( k<1, 1, A[k]*(1+2^k) + sum(i=1, k-1, 2^i * A[i] * A[k-i]))); A[n])}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 30 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = O(x); for(k=1, n, A = 1 / (1 - x * subst(A, x, 2*x))); polcoeff(A, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 30 2005 */
(Ruby)
def A(q, n)
ary = [1]
(1..n).each{|i| ary << (0..i - 1).inject(0){|s, j| s + q ** j * ary[j] * ary[i - 1 - j]}}
ary
end
A(2, n)
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A015108 (q=-11), A015107 (q=-10), A015106 (q=-9), A015105 (q=-8), A015103 (q=-7), A015102 (q=-6), A015100 (q=-5), A015099 (q=-4), A015098 (q=-3), A015097 (q=-2), A090192 (q=-1), A000108 (q=1), this sequence (q=2), A015084 (q=3), A015085 (q=4), A015086 (q=5), A015089 (q=6), A015091 (q=7), A015092 (q=8), A015093 (q=9), A015095 (q=10), A015096 (q=11).
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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