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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0033.v1

Establish and Apply a Safe and Convenient Pseudovirus-Based Assay to Detect Neutralizing Antibodies against Influenza A (H7N9) Virus

Li Zhang, Jing Lu, Jingxing Li, Rong Tang, Haiyan Peng, Fanyue Meng, Yuemei Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: H7N9 avian influenza; pseudovirus; neutralization assay; relative luminescence units (RLU)

Online: 6 January 2017 (10:21:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0180.v1

The Distal Promoter of the B438L Gene of African Swine Fever Virus Is Responsible for the mRNA Transcription of the B438L and the Alternatively Spliced B169L

Hongwei Cao, Hao Deng, Yanjin Wang, Diqiu Liu, Lian-Feng Li, Meilin Li, Dingkun Peng, Jingwen Dai, Jiaqi Li, Hua-Ji Qiu, Su Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: African swine fever virus; B438L promoter; transcription initiation; B169L protein

Online: 3 May 2024 (09:46:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1291.v1

Development of Smallpox Antibody Testing and Surveillance Following Smallpox Vaccination in the Republic of Korea

Hwachul Shin, SangEun Lee, Myung-Min Choi, Hwajung Yi, Yoon-Seok Chung

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: smallpox; Vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; antibody titer; ELISA; bioterrorism

Online: 20 August 2024 (04:55:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0030.v2

Using the Job Burden-Capital Model of Occupational Stress to Predict Depression and Well-Being among Electronic Manufacturing Service Employees in China

Chao Wang, Shuang Li, Tao Li, Shanfa Yu, Junming Dai, Xiaoman Liu, Xiaojun Zhu, Yuqing Ji, Jin Wang

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: occupational stress; job burden-capital model; structural equation model; depression; well-being

Online: 4 August 2016 (12:47:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2546.v1

Dynamics of Mammarenavirus Wenzhouense Acute Infection in the Rodent Rattus norvegicus

ShanShan Du, XueFei Deng, Xiaoxia Huang, TieZhu Liu, Aqian Li, Qin Wang, TingTing Tian, Chuan Li, ZhangQi Zheng, QiHan Lin, ZhuoWei Li, Shiwen Wang, Jiandong Li

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Wenzhou virus; acute infection; virus shedding, transmission; rodents; arenavirus

Online: 31 July 2024 (15:21:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0600.v1

Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Kenyan Live Bird Markets and Wild Bird Habitats Reveal Genetically Diverse Subtypes and High Proportion of A(H9N2), 2018-2020

Peninah Munyua, Eric Osoro, Joyce Jones, George Njogu, Genyan Yang, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Christine Szablewski, Ruth Njoroge, Doris Marwanga, Harry Oyas, Ben Andagalu, Romona Ndanyi, Nancy Otieno, Vincent Obanda, Carolyne Nasimiyu, Obadiah Njagi, Juliana DaSilva, Yunho Jang, John R Barnes, Gideon Emukule, Clayton Onyango, Charles Davis

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Africa; surveillance; poultry diseases; avian influenza; low pathogenic

Online: 8 August 2024 (08:53:37 CEST)

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Following the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in countries bordering Kenya to the west, we conducted surveillance among domestic and wild birds along the shores of Lake Victoria. In addition, between 2018 and 2020, we conducted surveillance among poultry and poultry workers in live bird markets and among wild migratory birds in various lakes that are resting sites during migration to assess introduction and circulation of avian influenza viruses in these populations. We tested 7,464 specimens (oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs) from poultry and 6,531 fresh fecal specimens from wild birds for influenza A viruses by real-time RT-PCR. Influenza was detected in 3.9% (n=292) of specimens collected from poultry and 0.2% (n=10) of fecal specimens from wild birds. On hemagglutinin subtyping, most of the influenza A positives from poultry (274/292, 93.8%) were H9. Of 34 H9 specimens randomly selected for further subtyping, all were H9N2. On phylogenetic analysis, these viruses were genetically similar to other H9 viruses detected in East Africa. Only two of the ten influenza A positive specimens from the wild bird fecal specimens were successfully subtyped; sequencing analysis of one specimen collected in 2018 was identified as low pathogenicity avian influenza H5N2 virus of the Eurasian lineage and the second specimen, collected in 2020, was subtyped as H11. A total of 18 OP/NS swabs from poultry workers with ARI (12%) were collected; none were positive for influenza A virus. We observed significant circulation of H9N2 influenza viruses in poultry in live bird markets in Kenya. During the same period, low pathogenic H5N2 virus was detected in a fecal specimen collected in a site hosting a variety of migratory and resident birds. Although HPAI H5N8 was not detected in this survey, these results highlight the potential for introduction and establishment of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in poultry populations and the associated risk of spillover to human populations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2477.v1

Sublethal Sodium Hypochlorite Exposure: Impact on Resistance-Nodulation-cell Division (RND) Efflux Pump Overexpression, and Cross-Resistance to Imipenem

Ji-Hyun Nam, Jung Sik Yoo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: cross-resistance; imipenem antibiotics; NaOCl disinfectant; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux pump

Online: 31 July 2024 (08:32:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0026.v1

Molecular Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Tissue Tropism of Bartonella Species in Small Mammals from Yunnan Province, China

Pei-Yu Han, Fen-Hui Xu, Jia-Wei Tian, Jun-Ying Zhao, Ze Yang, Wei Kong, Bo Wang, Li-Jun Guo, Yun-Zhi Zhang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Bartonella; small mammals; genetic diversity; evolution; tissue tropism

Online: 1 April 2024 (17:07:19 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0501.v1

Prospect on Damage Control in Current ASD Intervention

Qi Zhang, Qiang Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Autism; Immune stress; Brain damage; Damage control

Online: 6 September 2024 (09:40:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1151.v1

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Isolated from Wenzhou, China

Yafang Jin, Yi Li, Shaojie Huang, Chengji Hong, Xucong Feng, Huidi Cai, Yanmei Xia, Shengkai Li, Leyi Zhang, Yongliang Lou, Wanchun Guan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; pathogenicity islands; cgMLST; Whole genome sequencing

Online: 16 September 2024 (03:20:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1259.v1

An Overlooked Group of Citizen Scientists in NIS Information: Shell Collectors and Their Contribution to Molluscan NIS Diversity

Argyro Zenetos, Cristiane DELONGUEVILLE, Roland SCAILLET

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Alien species; Mediterranean Sea; mollusca; citizen science; amateur malacologists

Online: 18 April 2024 (12:30:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0752.v1

Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drugs Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview

Ambra Colopi, Eugenia Guida, Silvia Cacciotti, Serena Fuda, Matteo Lampitto, Angelo Onorato, Alice Zucchi, Carmela Rita Balestrieri, Paola Grimaldi, Marco Barchi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: food contaminants; transgenerational inheritance; organophosphates; glyphosate; antibiotics; active pharmaceutical ingredients

Online: 13 August 2024 (03:18:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0999.v1

Assessing the Feasibility of Handheld Cameras to Increase Access to Teleretinal Diabetic Retinopathy Screenings in Safety-Net Clinics in Los Angeles

Gabrielle Green, Roxana Flores, Elvia Figueroa, Tony Kuo, Lauren Daskivich

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Teleretinal diabetic retinopathy screenings; handheld cameras; safety-net; diabetes; feasibility

Online: 12 September 2024 (16:01:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1019.v1

A Rationally Designed H5 Hemagglutinin Subunit Vaccine Provides Broad-Spectrum Protection against Various H5Nx highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens

Xuxiao Zhang, Xin Li, Fushou Zhang, Xiaoping Cui, Xiaoqin Guo, Zhi Sun, Pengju Guo, Ming Liao, Ning Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: avian influenza virus; H5 subtype; subunit vaccine; broad protection

Online: 12 July 2024 (08:42:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0582.v1

Seroconversion and Kinetics of Vibriocidal Antibodies during the First 90 Days of Re-vaccination with Oral Cholera Vaccine in an Endemic Population

Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga, Bernard Phiri, Harriet Ngombe, Mutinta Muchimba, Kalo Musukuma, Suwilanji Silwamba, Natasha Makabilo Laban, Charlie Luchen, Fraser Liswaniso, Kennedy Chibesa, Cynthia Mubanga, Kapambwe Mwape, Michelo Simuyandi, Adam F. Cunningham, David A Sack, Samuel Bosomprah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Vibrio Cholerae; Shanchol Vaccine; Immunogenicity; HIV; Waning; Cholera Priority Areas

Online: 9 February 2024 (11:38:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1723.v1

Effectiveness of Three Front-of-Pack Food Labels in Guiding Consumer Identification of Nutrients of Concern and Purchase Intentions in Kenya: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Shukri F Mohamed, Caroline H Karugu, Samuel Iddi, Veronica Ojiambo, Caliph Kirui, Gershim Asiki

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: front-of-pack-labels (FOPL); warning labels (WL); packaged foods; salt; sugar; saturated fats; fat; randomized controlled trial (RCT); Kenya ;

Online: 23 September 2024 (12:00:17 CEST)

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Background: Front-of-pack-labels (FOPLs) on packaged foods provide consumers with essential information about the nutritional content of food products, enabling them to make informed choices and align their dietary habits with their health goals. However, evidence on the comprehensibility, use, and effectiveness of FOPLs remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Kenya. Objective: In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of three FOPLs in helping consumers identify excess nutrients of concern in packaged food products and their potential influence on food purchases in Kenya. Methods: A total of 2198 shoppers with diverse backgrounds were recruited from selected supermarkets in three Kenyan main cities (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu) and a small town (Garissa). Participants were randomized to three FOPLs: Red and green Octagon label (RG), Red and Green Octagon with icons (RGI) and a black Octagon Warning label (WL). In the control phase, participants were shown unlabeled images of packaged food products and they responded to a set of questions. In the experimental phase, the same product images were presented with one of the three front-of-pack labels they were randomized to, and participants answered the same questions again. Differences in the proportions of participants correctly identifying the nutrients of concern and the changes in intention to purchase unhealthy foods before and after exposure to FOPLs were analyzed using frequency tables and Chi-Square tests. The effectiveness of the three FOPLs was further assessed using a modified Poisson regression. Results: Results showed that exposure to FOPLs significantly improvement participants' ability to correctly identify nutrients of concern across various food categories. Additionally, FOPLs reduced consumers’ intentions to purchase unhealthy foods, with the Warning Labels (WL) emerging as particularly effective in enhancing consumers' understanding of product healthiness and reducing the intention to purchase unhealthy foods compared to the other two FOPLs. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential role of FOPLs, particularly the WL as an effective regulatory tool for promoting healthier food choices in Kenya.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0773.v1

Propionic Acidemia, Methylmalonic Acidemia, and cblC Defect: Comparison of Untargeted Metabolomic Profiles

Anna Sidorina, Giulio Catesini, Elisa Sacchetti, Cristiano Rizzo, Carlo Dionisi-Vici

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: methylmalonic acidemia; propionic acidemia; cblC deficiency; untargeted metabolomics

Online: 12 June 2024 (12:23:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1104.v1

MR protocol optimization for Hepatobiliary Phase Imaging with Gadoxetic Acid for 1.5T: Comparison Between Breath-Hold T1-weighted and High Resolution Navigated 3D T1-weighted sequences

Eliseo Picchi, Valentina Ferrazzoli, Valeria Liberto, Luca Toti, Raffaella Giocondo, Valerio Da Ros, Noemi Pucci, Silvia Minosse, Francesco Garaci, Francesca Di Giuliano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Magnetic Resonance; Gadoxetic Acid; High Resolution Navigated 3D; Hepatocarcinoma

Online: 17 June 2024 (08:06:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2102.v1

Comparison of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Patterns by Sex, Geographical Location, and Time of the Week in Mexican Adolescents

Edtna Jáuregui-Ulloa, Julissa Ortiz-Brunel, Alejandro Gaytán-González, Raúl Soria-Rodríguez, José Marcos Pérez-Maravilla, Martín Francisco González-Villalobos, Deborah Salvo, Darren E. R. Warbuton, Juan Ricardo López-Taylor

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: accelerometry; low-medium income country; movement behaviours; youths

Online: 26 September 2024 (10:51:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1578.v1

TransPerineal Laser Ablation (TPLA) Treatment of Focal Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer

Guglielmo Manenti, Tommaso Perretta, Marco Nezzo, Federico Romeo Fraioli, Beatrice Carreri, Paola Elda Gigliotti, Andrea Micillo, Andrea Malizia, Daniele Di Giovanni, Colleen Patricia Ryan, Francesco Giuseppe Garaci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: mpMRI; prostate cancer; TPLA; FLA; focal laser ablation; transperineal laser ablation

Online: 28 February 2024 (04:48:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1545.v1

Comprehensive Geophysical Exploration Technology for Sedimentary Exhalative Deposits: An Example from the Huaniushan Lead-Zinc-Silver Polymetallic Deposit in Gansu, China

Shunji Wang, Guanwen GU, Ye Wu, Xingguo Niu, Lin Zhu, Zhihe Xu, Haoyuan He, Yingjie Wang, Xinglong Lin, Lai Cao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: Sedimentary exhalative deposit; Huaniushan lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposit; Gravity, magnetic and electric exploration; Three-dimensional inversion; Three-dimensional geological-geophysical model

Online: 19 September 2024 (14:53:35 CEST)

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The Huaniushan lead-zinc-silver deposit is a hydrothermal sedimentary exhalative deposit (SEDEX). The mining area has complex geological conditions. The main tectonic structure in the area is the Huaheitan-Shuangfengshan Fault (F3), which controls the distribution of strata and magmatic rocks. Since the discovery of the Huaniushan Lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposit, there are diverse understandings of the deposit's genesis and mineralization law, making it challenging to meet the geological interpretation requirements of the Huaniushan Lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposit. Moreover, a single geophysical exploration method utilizes limited rock physical parameters, making it difficult to effectively characterize underground structures. The integrated exploration of multiple geophysical methods can effectively integrate the geophysical characteristics of different rock physical parameters, reducing the multiplicity and uncertainty of geophysical data inverse interpretation. The comprehensive interpretation of three-dimensional inversion based on various geophysical data, the construction of geological-geophysical models based on geological grounds, the establishment of hidden ore exploration and positioning, and the rapid evaluation of geophysical technology systems are the current development trends in mineral exploration. In light of this, this paper conducts research on the three-dimensional inversion interpretation of the heavy magnetoelectric exploration data of the Huaniushan sedimentary exhalative deposit lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposit in the mining area and constructs a three-dimensional geological-geophysical model of the study area based on the obtained three-dimensional physical structure of the underground three-dimensional density, magnetization intensity, resistivity, and polarizability structure of the study area, in combination with the information of related geology and drilling holes. It comprehensively interprets the favorable mineralization parts in the study area.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0789.v1

Molecular Identification and Prevalence of the Mite Carpoglyphus lactis (Acarina: Carpoglyphidae) in Apis mellifera in the Republic of Korea

Thi-Thu Nguyen, Mi-Sun Yoo, Hyang-Sim Lee, So Youn Youn, Se-Ji Lee, Su-Kyoung Seo, Jaemyung Kim, Yun Sang Cho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Apis mellifera; Carpoglyphus lactis; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene; Molecular identification; Republic of Korea

Online: 13 March 2024 (16:10:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0894.v1

The Association between Dietary Vitamin C and Sleep Disorders: A Cohort Study Based on UK Biobank

Qiuge Zhang, Xueting Qi, Zhaoguo Wang, Dongfeng Zhang, Tong Wang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: sleep disorder; diet; vitamin c; UK Biobank

Online: 11 September 2024 (15:20:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0641.v1

Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Exploring Neuroprotective, Metabolic, and Hepatoprotective Effects for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Rosa Direito, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Bruno Sepodes, Maria Eduardo Figueira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: by-products; berries; artichoke; grapevine; gooseberry; polygonoideae plants; olive oil; inflammation

Online: 12 February 2024 (07:41:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0403.v1

Olive Oil and Diabetes: From Molecules to Lifestyle Disease Prevention

Ahmad Alkhatib, Catherine Tsang, Jaakko Tuomilehto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: olive nutraceuticals; functional foods; exercise; nutrition; type-2 diabetes

Online: 26 June 2018 (09:37:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1236.v1

Comparative Analysis of Dietary Habits and Obesity Prediction: Body Mass Index versus Body Fat Percentage Classification using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Denisa Pescari, Monica Simina Mihuta, Andreea Bena, Dana Stoian

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: obesity; overweight; bioimpedance; adipose tissue; dietary habits; body mass index

Online: 16 August 2024 (10:34:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0038.v1

Reconstructing Historical VOC Concentrations in Drinking Water for Epidemiological Studies at a U.S. Military Base: Summary of Results

Morris L. Maslia, Mustafa M. Aral, Perri Z. Ruckart, Frank J. Bove

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: historical reconstruction; modeling; drinking water; water quality; VOC; epidemiological study; health study; Camp Lejeune

Online: 4 August 2016 (10:09:23 CEST)

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A U.S. government health agency conducted epidemiological studies to evaluate whether exposures to drinking water contaminated with volatile organic compounds at U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, were associated with increased health risks to children and adults. These health studies required knowledge of contaminant concentrations in drinking water—at monthly intervals—delivered to family housing, barracks, and other facilities within the study area. Because concentration data were limited or unavailable during much of the period of contamination (1950s–1985), the historical reconstruction process was used to quantify estimates of monthly mean contaminant-specific concentrations. This paper integrates many efforts, reports, and papers into a synthesis of the overall approach to, and results from, a drinking-water historical reconstruction study. Results show that at the Tarawa Terrace water treatment plant (WTP) reconstructed (simulated) tetrachloroethylene (PCE) concentrations reached a maximum monthly average value of 183 micrograms per liter (ug/L) compared to a one-time maximum measured value of 215 ug/L and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s current maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 ug/L during the period November 1957–February 1987. At the Hadnot Point WTP, reconstructed trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations reached a maximum monthly average value of 783 ug/L compared to a one-time maximum measured value of 1,400 ug/L during the period August 1953–December 1984. The Hadnot Point WTP also provided contaminated drinking water to the Holcomb Boulevard housing area continuously prior to June 1972, when the Holcomb Boulevard WTP came on line (maximum reconstructed TCE concentration of 32 ug/L) and intermittently during the period June 1972–February 1985 (maximum reconstructed TCE concentration of 66 ug/L). Applying the historical reconstruction process to quantify contaminant-specific monthly drinking-water concentrations is advantageous for epidemiological studies when compared to using the classical exposed versus unexposed approach.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0049.v1

Pulmonary Hypertension in Sickle Cell Disease: Novel Findings of Gene Polymorphisms Related to Pathophysiology

Sevastianos Chatzidavid, Pagona Flevari, Ioanna Tombrou, Georgios Anastasiadis, Maria Dimopoulou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Sickle cell disease; Pulmonary hypertension; Gene polymorphisms; Gene sequencing

Online: 1 April 2024 (12:44:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1263.v1

Therapeutic Effect of Shikimic Acid on Heat Stress-Induced Myocardial Damage: Assessment via Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and In Vitro Experiments

Yan Gu, Jingyi Zhang, Min Zheng, Yuyang Qin, Haohong Zheng, Yanchun Hu, Jialiang Xin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Network pharmacology; Heat Stress; Myocardial damage; Shikimic acid; Molecular docking; Molecular dynamics simulation

Online: 19 August 2024 (09:22:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0099.v1

Advanced Glycation Endproducts form During Ovalbumin Digestion in the Presence of Fructose

Alejandro Gugliucci, Yasmin Bains, Russell Caccavello

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: ovalbumin, allergy; advanced glycation; fructose; fructositis; receptor for advanced glycation end products; inflammation; asthma; chlorogenic acid; Ilex paraguariensis; high fructose corn syrup

Online: 28 February 2017 (10:41:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2034.v1

Research of Stroke Patient Occurence Associate with Meteorological Factors in Guizhou Mountain Area

Xi Guo, PingXiao Che, XiFou Zhao, ChaoShi Mu, DongYuan Hu, QiangGuo Liu, Juan Wang, Biao Wang, TingTing Liao, HengYuan Yang, Hua Wang, JingYa Zhi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Data fusion; Meteorological factor; Stroke incidence rate; Mountain area

Online: 30 May 2024 (10:51:40 CEST)

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As previous study in many countries shown that stroke patient onsets are not distributed randomly, but associate with meteorological factors. However, the relationship between stroke occurence and meteorological factors remain unknown in mountain area in Guizhou China. This paper firstly introduces multi-source fusion data which is integrated by the mountain meteorological factor, geographic mapping elevation information data and stroke population monitoring of Guizhou province. Mainly elaborates from a few aspects, which concludes data collection, data sorting, data extraction, data cleaning and data production in detail. A completed and detailed meteorological stroke data set was successfully established and multi-source data fusion was realized by the use of Gbase and unified data service interface of Guizhou meteorological big data cloud platform. And we report the impact of meteorological variables in Guizhou mountain area climate on stroke. In this study, we performed a statistical fusion data between January 2017 and December 2020 about stroke incidence rate and meteorological factors respectively, for instance, concerning the mean (Mean), maximum (Max), minimum (Min), median (Median), standard deviation (Std) . We calculated stroke rates (date stroke occurence)/(year stroke occurence) and we investigated the distribution of days included in the label. Results: the distribution of the incidence rate basically conforms to the normal distribution with the label Max 0.007399, label Min 0.000204, label Mean 0.002738, label Median 0.002643, label Std 0.00076. We observed a positive significant correlation of stroke incidence rate directly proportional to the daily temperature difference (between 0 and 20 degrees Celsius), as the value of this factor exhibits variation larger, the incidence rate is gradually increasing. And we investigated from the Pearson correlation coefficients that stroke incidence increasing when meteorological factors at low humidity (less than 40% (RH 80%), temperature higher than 31℃); the 24-hour daily temperature difference varies between 6 and 10℃ (6

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1937.v1

Emergence of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants in California, 2020-2022

Rahil Ryder, Emily Smith, Deva Borthwick, Jesse Elder, Mayuri Panditrao, Christina Morales, Debra A. Wadford

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genomic epidemiology; genomic surveillance; recombination; whole-genome sequencing; California COVIDNet

Online: 27 June 2024 (11:03:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0735.v1

Effects of Adding Sphingomonas Z392 to Drinking Water on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histological Structure and Microbial Community of Broiler Chickens

Mingcheng Wang, Jie Zhong, Yanan Guo, Shuqiang Zhao, Huili Xia, Gailing Wang, Chaoying Liu, Aizhen Guo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Broiler; Sphingomonas; EPI; Intestinal histology; Intestinal microbiota

Online: 12 May 2024 (07:44:22 CEST)

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Probiotics have emerged as a prominent alternative to antibiotics in antimicrobial-free broiler farming. To assess the effect of the probiotics Sphingomonas sp. Z392 isolated and identified by this this laboratory on broiler growth, we conducted a study to examine the changes in broiler body weight, EPI, intestinal histological structure and gut microbiota. The results showed that supplementation of broiler drinking water with 4 × 105 CFU/mL of Sphingomonas resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, Aminobacterium, Oribacterium, Christensenellaceae, Faecalibacterium, Barnesiella, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricicoccaceae, and Caproiciproducens, which were reported to be positively correlated with the digestion and absorption of broiler chickens. The relative abundance was increased of Odoribacter, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Rikenellaceae, which were reported to be negatively correlated with the occurrence of intestinal diseases. The relative abundance was decreased of Campylobacter, Shigella Castellani, Bilophila, Campylobacter, Clostridia, and Anaerotruncus, which were reported positively correlated with the occurrence of intestinal diseases. At the same time, it was increased in the integrity of small intestinal villus morphology, the number of goblet cells in small intestinal epithelial cells, the health of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of jejunal villous epithelial cells, and the number of lysosomes in the cytoplasm of goblet cells in small intestinal epithelium, ileal villous epithelial cells, mitochondria in the cytoplasm of large intestinal villous epithelial cells, the VH/CD of the ileum, digestive, absorption, and defense capabilities. Especially the final weight was increased by 4.33% and the EPI increased by 10.10%. Therefore, the supplementation of broiler drinking water with Sphingomonas generated better economic benefits for the broiler chickens.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1232.v1

Feasibility of Emergency Flood Traffic Road Damage Assessment by Integrating Remote Sensing Images and Social Media Information

Hong Zhu, Jian Meng, Jiaqi Yao, Nan Xu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Multi-source heterogeneity; Flood disaster; Social media information; TextCNN-Attention; Transportation roads; Loss assessment

Online: 19 August 2024 (04:33:27 CEST)

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In the context of global climate change, the frequency of sudden natural disasters is increasing. Assessing traffic road damage post-disaster is crucial for emergency decision-making and disaster management. Traditional ground observation methods for evaluating traffic road damage are limited by the timeliness and coverage of data updates. Relying solely on these methods does not adequately support rapid assessment and emergency management during extreme natural disasters. Social media, a major source of big data, can effectively address these limitations by providing more timely and comprehensive disaster information. Motivated by this, we utilized multi-source heterogeneous data to assess the damage to traffic roads under extreme conditions and established a new framework for evaluating traffic roads in cities prone to flood disasters caused by rainstorms. The approach involves several steps: First, extracting the surface area affected by precipitation using a threshold method constrained by confidence intervals derived from microwave remote sensing images; Second, collecting disaster information from the Sina Weibo platform, where social media information is screened and cleaned. A quantification table for road traffic loss assessment was defined, and a social media disaster information classification model combining text convolutional neural networks and attention mechanisms was proposed (TextCNN-Attention Disaster Classification); Finally, matching traffic road information on social media with basic geographic data, visualizing the classification of traffic road disaster risk levels, and completing the assessment of traffic road disaster levels based on multi-source heterogeneous data. Using the "7.20" rainstorm event in Henan Province as an example, this study categorizes the disaster impact on traffic roads into five levels: particularly severe, severe, moderate, mild, and affected, as interpreted from remote sensing images. The evaluation framework for flood disaster traffic roads based on multi-source heterogeneous data provides important data support and methodological support for enhancing disaster management capabilities and systems.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1104.v1

Health Benefits of White Mulberry, Sea–Buckthorn, Garlic, Lily of the Valley, Motherwort, and Hawthorn — Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Aleksandra Witkowska, Anna Gryn–Rynko, Patrycja Syrkiewicz, Klaudia Kitala–Tańska, Michał S Majewski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: white mulberry; sea– buckthorn; garlic; lily of the valley; motherwort; hawthorn

Online: 22 March 2024 (07:33:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0440.v1

Partial Substitution of Chemical N with Solid Cow Manure Improved Soil Ecological Indicators and Crop Yield in a Wheat-Rice Rotation System

Jintao Yu, Chun Zhang, Xuan Wang, Hongchuan Li, Yusef Kianpoor Kalkhajeh, Hongxiang Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: conventional fertilization; solid cow manure; crop quality; soil nutrients; ecological risk

Online: 7 March 2024 (13:10:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2047.v1

Enhanced Recovery and Detection of Highly Infectious Animal Disease Viruses by Virus Capture Using Nanotrap® Microbiome a Particles

Amaresh Das, Joseph Gutkoska, Yadata Tadassa, Wei Jia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Goat pox virus; sheep pox virus; lumpy skin disease virus; peste des petits ruminants virus; African swine fever virus; virus capture; nanotrap; PCR

Online: 26 September 2024 (09:53:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1060.v1

Assessment of Earthquake Damage and Economic Recovery in Hatay Province, Turkey Using Nighttime Light Data

Feng Li, Shunbao Liao, Xiaobo Zhang, Tianxuan Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: rapid assessment method; Turkey earthquake damage; economic recovery assessment; Hatay Province; nighttime light; NPP-VIIRS; SDGSAT-1

Online: 12 July 2024 (13:50:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1647.v1

Study on the Mechanical and Aging Properties of an Antibacterial Composite Resin Loaded with Fluoride‐Doped Nano‐Zirconia Fillers

Liyuan Zheng, Yi Zhang, Yuming Bai, Qianju Wu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Composite resin; Nano-zirconia fillers; Fluoride-releasing; Antibacterial property; Aging test

Online: 29 February 2024 (08:09:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2067.v1

Maternal Vaccination for the Prevention of Infantile RSV Disease: An Overview of the Authorized, In-Progress, and Unsuccessful Vaccine Candidates.

Georgios Papazisis, Xanthippi Topalidou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: infant immunity; maternal antibody transfer; respiratory syncytial virus; maternal immunization; RSV vaccine; clinical trial; safety; immunogenicity

Online: 30 May 2024 (14:23:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0538.v1

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy: A Spatiotemporal Model

Matilde Fondriest, Lorenzo Vaccari, Federico Aldrovandi, Laura De Lellis, Filippo Ferretti, Carmine Fiorentino, Erica Mari, Maria Grazia Mascolo, Laura Minelli, Vincenza Perlangeli, Giuseppe Bortone, Paolo Pandolfi, Annamaria Colacci, Andrea Ranzi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Wastewater-based epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; wastewater; biodegradation; sewer network; spatiotemporal model; public health; early-warning system

Online: 8 April 2024 (14:48:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1658.v1

Congenital Rubella Syndrome Burden is Unlikely to Increase with Introduction of Rubella Containing Vaccine

Kurt Frey

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: rubella; congenital rubella syndrome; vaccine introduction; agent-based model

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:15:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0463.v1

Diagnostic Accuracy of Saliva-Based Testing as a Vibrio cholerae Surveillance Tool

Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga, Bernard Phiri, Harriet Ng'ombe, Mutinta Muchimba, Fraser Liswaniso, Biana Bernshtein, Adam F Cunningham, David Sack, Samuel Bosomprah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: saliva; vibriocidal antibodies; Cholera; natural infection

Online: 8 March 2024 (03:52:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0920.v1

The Diagnostic Challenge of Cystic Echinococcosis in Humans: First Assessment of Underreporting Rates in Mongolia

Bolor Bold, Christian Schindler, Uranshagai Narankhuu, Agiimaa Shagj, Erdenebileg Bavuujav, Sonin Sodov, Tsogbadrakh Nyamdorj, Jakob Zinsstag

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: cystic echinococcosis 1; Mongolia 2; clinical guideline 5; burden of disease 6; Echinococcus granulosus 6

Online: 13 June 2024 (14:54:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1667.v1

Antioxidant Effects of Aromatic Plant Extracts in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review

Youyang Zhu, Miao Tian, Yuliang Qin, Ting Zhao, Zhaofu Li, Dongdong Qin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurodegenerative diseases; Oxidative stress; Antioxidants; Aromatic plants extracts

Online: 20 September 2024 (20:20:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1450.v1

Stat3 Inhibitors TTI-101 and SH5-07 Suppress Bladder Cancer Cell Survival In 3D Tumor Models

Surya Pratap Singh, Gopal Pathuri, Adam S Asch, Chinthalapally V. Rao, Venkateshwar Madka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Bladder cancer; STAT3 inhibitor; Apoptosis; Preclinical; 3D models

Online: 17 July 2024 (14:18:54 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Coronary Heart Disease: Prevention and Therapy by Exercise and Conditioning

Antonio Crisafulli, Pasquale Pagliaro, Silvana Roberto, Lucia Cugusi, Giuseppe Mercuro, Antigone Lazou, Cristophe Beauloye, Luc Bertrand, Derek Hausenloy, Manuela Aragno, Claudia Penna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy; Hyperglycemia; Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Remote Conditioning; Exercise

Online: 17 March 2020 (08:52:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0029.v1

Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Its Oxidative Stress-Induced Pathologies and Redox Bioregulation through Low-Dose Medical Ozone. A Systematic Review.

Renate Viebahn-Haensler, Olga León Fernández

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: redox bioregulation; mitochondriopathies; low-dose ozone concept; ozone therapy; oxidative stress; antioxidant capacity

Online: 1 May 2024 (07:29:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2145.v1

Viruses Identified in Shrews (Soricidae) and Their Biomedical Significance

Huan-Yu Gong, Rui-Xu Chen, Su-Mei Tan, Xiu Wang, Ji-Ming Chen, Yuan-Long Zhang, Ming Liao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: shrew; virus; diversity; public health; epidemiology; risk

Online: 29 August 2024 (12:13:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2262.v1

Exploiting Venom Toxins in Paratransgenesis to Prevent Mosquito-Borne Disease

Stephanie French, Rachael Da Silva, Janet Storm, Christida E. Wastika, India Cullen, Martijn ten Have, Grant L. Hughes, Cassandra M. Modahl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Plasmodium; rift valley fever virus; yellow fever virus; Japanese encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; chikungunya virus; dengue virus; zika virus; snake; scorpion; spider; Aedes; Anopheles

Online: 30 August 2024 (16:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1653.v1

Development of a Rapid Detection Method for Ethylene Glycol and Glycolic Acid in Feline Samples: A Response to Increasing Antifreeze Poisoning Incidents in Korea

HyunYoung Chae, Jae Won Byun, Go-Eun Shin, Kyunghyun Lee, Ah-Young Kim, Bok-Kyung Ku, Md Akil Hossain, Tae-Wan Kim, JeongWoo Kang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Antifreeze poisoning; Ethylene glycol; Glycolic acid; Rapid determination method

Online: 21 September 2024 (06:15:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1987.v1

Enhancing Internal Area Reevaluation Through Optional Control Programmes for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Ruminant Paratuberculosis Potentially Linked to Crohn’s Disease in Humans

Alessandra Mazzeo, Nicola Rossi, Vincenzo Di Chiro, Lucia Maiuro, Sebastiano Rosati, Siria Giorgione, Elena Sorrentino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: internal areas; optional eradication programmes; IBR; Paratuberculosis / Johne’ s Disease; MAP; Crohn’ s Disease; One Health; EU Green Deal; Farm to Fork

Online: 25 September 2024 (12:15:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0359.v1

Genomic Diversity and Evolution, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Therapeutics of the Pandemic COVID-19 Disease

M. Nazmul Hoque, Abed Chaudhury, Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda, M. Anwar Hossain, Md Tofazzal Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genetic diversity; genome evolution; diagnostics; therapeutics; vaccines

Online: 20 April 2020 (02:33:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1163.v1

Assessment of the Efficacy of the Antihistamine Drug Rupatadine Used Alone or in Combination against Mycobacteria

Xirong Tian, Wanli Ma, Buhari Yusuf, Biyi Su, Jinxing Hu, Tianyu Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Mycobacteria; Drug resistance; Rupatadine; Drug repurposing; Nonreplicating

Online: 17 June 2024 (15:53:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0348.v1

Accuracy of Anti-SARS-CoV2 Antibody in Comparison with Surrogate Viral Neutralization Test in Person Living with HIV, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Marita Restie Tiara, Chrisan Bimo Prayuda, Tara Titian Maulidya, Hofiya Djauhari, Dadang Suhendar, Rudi Wisaksana, Laniyati Hamijoyo, Rudi Supriyadi, Agnes Rengga Indrati, Bachti Alisjahbana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; antibody; immunoassay; neutralization antibody

Online: 4 April 2024 (05:53:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1615.v1

Novel Biomarkers in Evaluating Cardiac Function in Patients on Hemodialysis – a Pilot Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Lazar A. Chisavu, Viviana M. Ivan, Adelina Mihaescu, Flavia Chisavu, Oana Schiller, Luciana Marc, Flaviu Bob, Adalbert Schiller

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: hemodialysis; mortality; cardio-vascular disease; novel biomarkers; cardiac function and structure

Online: 28 February 2024 (13:52:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1707.v1

Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone (TBN) Reduces Amyloid β Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease Models by Modulating APP Expression, BACE1 Activity, and Autophagy Pathways

Xinhua Zhou, Zeyu Zhu, Shaoming Kuang, Kaipeng Huang, Yueping Li, Yuqiang Wang, Haiyun Chen, Maggie Pui Man Hoi, Benhong Xu, Xifei Yang, Zaijun Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Amyloid β ; Amyloid precursor protein; MicroRNA

Online: 24 June 2024 (15:36:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0034.v1

Game Analysis of Low Carbonization for Urban Logistics Service Systems

Jidong Guo, Shugang Ma

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: 3PLs; E-business enterprise; low carbonization; game theory; Nash Equilibria

Online: 9 January 2017 (03:29:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0518.v1

Mobile Phones Facilitation of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Initiatives: Health Students Initial Perspectives

Kwaku Barfi, Christiana Nsiah-Asamoah, Rosemary Twum, Daniel Ainooson – Noonoo

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: mobile phones; health promotions; short message service; health students

Online: 25 January 2021 (15:53:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0886.v1

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Looking for Who Enjoys It!

Roberta Della Bona, Simona Giubilato, Marco Palmieri, Stefano Benenati, Roberta Rossini, Stefania Angela Di Fusco, Filippo Novarese, Giuseppe Mascia, Nicola Gasparetto, Antonio Di Monaco, Laura Gatto, Filippo Zilio, Carlotta Sorini Dini, Francesco Borrello, Giovanna Geraci, Carmine Riccio, Leonardo De Luca, Furio Colivicchi, Massimo Grimaldi, Michele Massimo Giulizia, Italo Porto, Fabrizio Giovanni Oliva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: aspirin; primary prevention; cardiovascular risk; platelet; bleeding; thrombosis; diabetes; guidelines; cancer

Online: 13 June 2024 (11:51:45 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1377.v2

Tellurium-Doped Bioactive Glassinduces Ferroptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells Regardless of FSP1

Elzbieta Pańczyszyn, Mari Lallukka, Mara Gagliardi, Valentina Saverio, Romina Monzani, Marta Miola, Enrica Verné, Marco Corazzari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Ferroptosis; Tellurium; osteosarcoma; FSP1; bioactive glass

Online: 19 September 2024 (11:51:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1995.v1

Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients: Etiology and Clinical Impact

Iveta Rumenova Madzharova, Ivelina Trifonova, Neli Stoyanova Korsun, Viktoria Levterova, Petar Velikov, Silvya Voleva, Ivan Ivanov, Daniel Ivanov, Ralitsa Yordanova, Tatiana Tcherveniakova, Svetla Angelova, Iva Christova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; co-infection; respiratory viruses; Haemophilus influenzae; RSV

Online: 28 August 2024 (05:13:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0829.v1

GRK5KO Mouse Mirrors Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease

William Z. Suo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease; aging; animal model; GRK5 deficiency; GRK5 knockout mouse.

Online: 12 April 2024 (08:03:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0203.v1

Antibiotic Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in View of the Newly Developed β-Lactams: A Narrative Review of the Existing Evidence

Francesca Serapide, Maurizio Guastalegname, Sara Palma Gullì, Rosaria Lionello, Andrea Bruni, Eugenio Garofalo, Federico Longhini, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Alessandro Russo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; carbapenem-resistance; sulbactam-durlobactam; cefiderocol; guidelines; real-world evidence

Online: 6 May 2024 (08:47:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0243.v1

Generation of an Alzheimer’s Disease Model Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with an APP Gene Mutation

Yena Kim, Binna Yun, Byoung Seok Ye, Bo-Young Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid precursor protein; cerebral organoid; disease modeling; drug screening; induced pluripotent stem cells; organoids; tau pathology

Online: 6 May 2024 (07:37:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2184.v1

The Role of Statins in the Prevention and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Focused Review

Taylor A. Copelin, Madison L. Kobzeff, Rachelle A. Franco, Songul M. Gafurova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurodegeneration; neuroprotective; pleiotropic; statins

Online: 27 September 2024 (08:12:32 CEST)

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized as a progressive decline in cognitive functions that primarily affects older adults. Alzheimer’s is pathophysiologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neuroinflammation, accumulation of tau proteins in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and tissue loss. These three main characteristics are hallmarks of neurodegeneration. Statins are a class of medications that lower the cholesterol levels in the blood, and their anti-inflammatory effects have gained attention for their potential impact on influencing AD progression. This literature review explores the relationship between the use of statins and AD, examining the effect of statins on cholesterol metabolism, neuroinflammation, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and Aβ production. This literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the association between statins and AD. The neurodegenerative properties of Alzheimer’s disease have been imaged and documented in both rodent models and humans. Experiments using transgenic mice and knock-in mice have shown that specific human genes enhance neurodegeneration, and the overactivation of glial cells in the brain causes hallmark neuroinflammation. These rodents all subsequently suffered from neurodegeneration and AD symptoms. Humans showed promise of possible AD biomarkers in the blood and brain through the presence of excess isoprostanes and oxysterols, respectively, providing hope for future research into early detection/treatment. There has been evidence that statins exhibit neuroprotective pleiotropic effects in rodent models, showcasing reductions in cellular adhesion molecules (the main molecule in inflammation), oxidative stress, and inflammatory peptides. ApoE is a cholesterol transport protein in the brain and is critical to forming an effective synapse. Statin use has effectively altered the ApoE4 allele and reduced the Aβ production in the brain. However, the mechanism for which statins slow the progression of neurodegeneration in AD is still unclear and warrants further research before it can be officially called a treatment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0376.v1

Fructooligosaccharides Supplementation: A Good Choice for Prevention and Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Priscila Nogueira Bezan, Heric Holland, Bárbara Ferreira Vercesi, Paula Payão Ovídio, Livia Maria Cordeiro Simões, Alceu Afonso Jordão

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS); Hyperlipidic Diet; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); prebiotics.

Online: 6 November 2023 (17:41:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0353.v1

In Search of Feasible Interventions for the Prevention and Cure of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019

Sunil Kumar Verma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2; Curcumin

Online: 24 March 2020 (03:16:22 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1609.v1

Epidemiological and Genetic Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6–associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Gwangju, South Korea, in 2022

Ji-eun Lee, Minji Kim, Mihyeon Lim, Sueji Han, Jinyeong Kim, Soohoo Kim, Yiduen Ha, Gyungli Gang, Yoon-Seok Chung, Jungmi Seo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HFMD; coxsackievirus A6; molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic tree

Online: 28 February 2024 (08:10:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1322.v1

Community Directed Vector Control to Accelerate Onchocerciasis Elimination

Benjamin Jacob, Edwin Michael, Thomas Raymond Unnasch

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Onchocerca volvulus; Simulium; river blindness; remote sensing; trap

Online: 22 February 2024 (16:10:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0380.v1

Obesogens in Adolescence. Challenging Aspects and Prevention Strategies.

Marina Nicolaou, Meropi Toumba, Alexandros Kythreotis, Habib Daher, Nicos Skordis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: endocrine disrupting chemicals; obesogens; obesity; children; adolescents; prevention strategies

Online: 5 April 2024 (06:51:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0711.v1

Real-world Evidence on Use of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Management of Gram-Negative Infections: A Retrospective Analysis

Subhash Todi, Prachee Sathe, Venkatasubramanian Ramasubramanian, Subramanian Swaminathan, Deepak Talwar, Parikshit Prayag, Polati Vishnu Rao, Kirti Sabnis, Shweta Kamat, Akshata Mane, Harish Thanusubramanian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Ceftazidime-avibactam; Gram-negative organisms; antimicrobial therapy; clinical improvement; microbiological success.

Online: 12 June 2024 (06:25:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0351.v1

Efficacy and Immunogenicity of rKVAC85B in a BCG Prime-Boost Regimen Against H37Rv and HN878 Tuberculosis Strains

Eunkyung Shin, Jin-Seung Yun, Young-Ran Lee, Hye-Ran Cha, Soo-Min Kim, Sung-Jae Shin, Sang-Won Lee, Gyung Tae Chung, Dokeun Kim, Jung Sik Yoo, Jong-Seok Kim, Hye-Sook Jeong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; vaccine; attenuated vaccinia virus; Antigen 85B; immunogenicity; bacterial loads

Online: 6 March 2024 (11:04:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0438.v1

Title: Prevention of COVID-19. Part 1: Non-pharmacological Strategies and Interventions for Effective Disease Control

Ludwig Serge Aho Glele

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; prevention; non-pharmacological interventions; standard precautions; airborne and droplet transmission; personal protective equipment; mask; ventilation; room occupancy; testing for SARS-CoV-2

Online: 4 August 2023 (12:08:52 CEST)

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(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the world, causing widespread illness and death. It is essential to focus on prevention strategies to limit the spread of the disease. Despite the advent of vaccines, maintaining a vigilant approach to prevention remains paramount. While vaccines are essential, they do not guarantee absolute immunity, and their protective effect may diminish over time; (2) Methods: We reviewed effective strategies to prevent COVID-19 transmission. We focused on me-ta-analyses (MA), literature reviews (LR) and the health care context. Various prevention measures and interventions were reviewed. Both es-tablished practices and unresolved issues were considered; (3) Results: Standard precautions (SP) as the cornerstone of infection control, with hand hygiene and mask use as key components. Debate about the relative importance of droplet versus aerosol transmission led to differences in recommendations between agencies at the onset of the pandemic. We have clarified the role of personal protective equipment (PPE), including eye protection. The effectiveness of masks in pre-venting transmission is reviewed. The use of surgical masks is recommended to prevent droplet transmission, while eye protection is recommended in combination with masks. Although data show some risk reduction, the clear superiority of N95/FFP2 over surgical masks remains unproven. In terms of room occupancy, ventilation is critical in reducing the risk of transmission in poorly ventilated environments. The use of negative pressure isolation rooms (NPIRs) is being investigated. The presence of viral RNA on surfaces does not necessarily indicate infectivity, and the risk of transmission by surface contact is low if surfaces are properly maintained and hand hygiene is practised regularly. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic persons in healthcare settings may help prevent transmission; (4) Conclusions: Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires a multifaceted approach, including reducing particle emissions from infected persons by wearing masks, eliminating aerosols by ventilation, ensuring physical separation, and protecting exposed persons with masks and eye protection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0432.v1

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) in Bronchial Secretions Cannot Predict Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

Argyro Ftergioti, Maria Simitsopoulou, Maria Sdougka, Styliani-Antonia Kallou, Anna-Bettina Haidich, Christina Virgiliou, Georgios Theodoridis, Emmanuel Roilides, Elias Iosifidis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: ventilator-associated pneumonia; biomarkers; pediatric intensive care unit; critically-ill children; ventilator-associated pneumonia; biomarkers; pediatric intensive care unit; critically-ill children

Online: 4 July 2024 (11:00:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2266.v1

Technological Interventions to Implement Prevention and Health Promotion in Cardiovascular Patients

Ayisha Zaka Bashir, Anji Yetman, Melissa Wehrmann

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Health promotion; cardiology; technology; cardiac rehabilitation; telemedicine and telehealth

Online: 30 August 2024 (15:36:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1897.v1

Research Progress on Starfish Outbreaks and Their Prevention and Utilization

Liang Qu, Yongxin Sun, Chong Zhao, Maurice R Elphick, Qingzhi Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: starfish; Asterias amurensis; outbreak; prevention; utilization

Online: 27 June 2024 (12:09:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0381.v1

Assessment of colistin heteroresistance among multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intensive care patients in Europe

Anouk J. M. M. Braspenning, Sahaya Glingston Rajakani, Adwoa Sey, El Bounja Mariem, Christine Lammens, Youri Glupczynski, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: colistin resistance; mechanisms; mgrB; population analysis profiling; whole genome sequencing

Online: 7 March 2024 (09:39:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1729.v1

Immunogenicity Persistence of Different Immunization Regimens of Rabies Vaccine in the 10–60 Years Age Group: a Follow-up Report Based on Phase III Clinical Trial

Yunpeng Wang, Zhiang Wu, Jia Li, Shouchun Cao, Leitai Shi, Danhua Zhao, Zhaojun Mo, Haiyan Liang, Xiaohong Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: four-dose immunization regimen; five-dose immunization regimen; immunogenicity persistence; rabies; vaccine

Online: 23 August 2024 (12:08:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0190.v1

Senescence in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges

Riccardo Foti, Gabriele Storti, Marco Palmesano, Maria Giovanna Scioli, Elena Fiorelli, Sonia Terriaca, Giulio Cervelli, Bong Sung Kim, Augusto Orlandi, Valerio Cervelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: adipose-derived stem cells; mesenchymal stem cells; ageing; senescence; stem cell therapy; senescence; diabetes; senolytic drugs

Online: 2 July 2024 (10:24:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0958.v1

Comparison of the HBSC Results of the Visegrad Countries with the Health Behavior of Young People with Disabilities Living in Hungary: A Cross-Sectional Study

Agota Barabas, Attila Csaba Nagy, Viktoria Pazmany, Anita Katalin Grestyak Molnarne, Nemeth Agnes, György Jona, Agnes Santha, Peter Takacs, Emil Toldy, Renata Javorne Erdei

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: health; health behavior; disability; Visegrad Group

Online: 18 March 2024 (09:10:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0269.v1

Dynamics of the State of the Arterial Stiffness as a Possible Pathophysiological Factor of Unfavorable Long-Term Prognosis in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Alexey N Sumin, Anna V Shcheglova, Olga L. Barbarash

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardio-ankle vascular index; dynamics; coronary artery disease; coronary artery bypass grafting; long-term prognosis

Online: 5 March 2024 (13:52:47 CET)

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The aim of the study was to examine the long-term prognostic value of changes in cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) within a year after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 251) in whom cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was assessed using the VaSera VS-1000 device before and in a year after CABG. Groups with improved CAVI (CAVI decreased from pathological value to normal or the index remained within normal values) or worsened CAVI (persistent pathological index value or an increase in CAVI to pathological values or an increase of 1 unit or more) were identified. The groups were compared for the following events at 10-year follow-up: death from all causes, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and the combined endpoint. Results. A year after CABG surgery, 45% of patients showed positive dynamics or stable normal CAVI values. Death from all causes was significantly more common in the group with CAVI progression - 32 (27.6%) than in the group with CAVI improvement - 14 (14.8%; p = 0.029). Patients with CAVI progression were more likely to have MACE (death, MI, stroke/TIA) in 49 (42.2%) cases, compared with patients with CAVI improvement - in 23 (24.5%; p=0.008). Negative dynamics of CAVI (p = 0.024), number of shunts (p = 0.006), and the presence of carotid stenosis more than 30% (p = 0.051) were independent predictors of death from all causes at 10-year follow-up after CABG. The presence of carotid stenosis more than 30% (p = 0.002) and the group with negative dynamics of CAVI after a year (p = 0.008) were independent predictors of the development of the combined endpoint during long-term follow-up. Conclusions. Patients with negative dynamics of CAVI one year after CABG were more likely to experience death from all causes and combined endpoint in the long-term follow-up than patients with normal CAVI. In further studies, it is advisable to evaluate the dynamics of CAVI and, based on this, identify the most effective interventions to improve the prognosis of patients after CABG.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0150.v1

Digital Media Consumption and Youth's Interests in Ecosystem Services, Sustainability and Science as a Means for Disease Prevention

Ibrahim Niankara, Muhammad N. Al-adwan

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Bayesian methods; digital media; ecosystem services; Sustainable development; youth health

Online: 13 May 2019 (10:03:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1703.v1

Distribution Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of Ground Fissures in Three Northern Counties of the North China Plain

Chao Xue, Mingdong Zang, Zhongjian Zhang, Nengxiong Xu, Feiyong Wang, Cheng Hong, Guoqing Li, Fujiang Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Ground fissures; North China Plain; distribution characteristics; causative mechanism

Online: 25 June 2024 (00:31:48 CEST)

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The North China Plain is among the regions most afflicted by ground fissure disasters in China. Recent urbanization has accelerated ground fissure activity in the three counties of the northern North China Plain, posing significant threats to both the natural environment and socioeconomic sustainability. Despite the increased attention, a lack of comprehensive understanding persists due to delayed recognition and limited research. This study conducted field visits and geological surveys across 43 villages and 80 sites to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of ground fissures in the aforementioned counties. By integrating these findings with regional geological data, we formulated a causative model to explain ground fissure formation. Our analysis reveals a concentration of ground fissures near the Niuxi and Rongxi faults, with the former exhibiting the most extensive distribution. The primary manifestations of ground fissures include linear cracks and patch-shaped collapse pits, predominantly oriented in east-west and north-south directions, indicating tensile failure with minimal vertical displacement. Various factors contribute to ground fissure development, including fault activity, ancient river channel distribution, bedrock undulations, rainfall, and ground settlement. Fault activity establishes a concealed fracture system in shallow geotechnical layers, laying the groundwork for ground fissure formation. Additionally, the distribution of ancient river channels and bedrock undulations modifies regional stress fields, further facilitating ground fissure emergence. Rainfall and differential ground settlement serve as triggering mechanisms, exposing ground fissures at the surface. This research offers novel insights into the causative mechanisms of ground fissures in the northern North China Plain, providing valuable scientific evidence for mitigating ground fissure disasters during the urbanization process in the region.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2169.v1

Spleen Swabs for Sensitive and High-Throughput Detection of African Swine Fever Virus by Real-Time PCR

Christopher Cafariello, Kalhari Goonewardene, Chungwon J Chung, Aruna Ambagala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: African swine fever; Diagnostics; Tissue homogenate; Spleen swab; Real-time PCR

Online: 26 July 2024 (16:49:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1513.v1

Agricultural Disaster Prevention System: A Review of the Strategies in Taiwan

Ming-Hwi Yao, Yung-Heng Hsu, Ting-Yi Li, Yung-Ming Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: weather forecast; early warning system; disaster prevention; crop; information and communication technology (ICT)

Online: 27 February 2024 (10:29:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1614.v1

Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy

Darshak K Bhatt, Toos Daemen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: molecular pathways; oncolytic virus; pattern recognition receptors; transcription factors

Online: 26 March 2024 (16:57:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1542.v1

Attitudes of Healthcare Professionals in an Autonomous Community in Spain towards Paediatric Influenza Vaccination

Jaime Jesús Pérez-Martín, Antonio Iofrío de Arce, Matilde Zornoza-Moreno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Influenza vaccines; Healthcare professional; Attitude of Healthcare professional; intramuscular vaccine; Inhaled vaccine

Online: 24 April 2024 (07:26:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2147.v1

Relationship between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Autophagy–Related Genes in Obese Humans. A Narrative Review

Martyna Bednarczyk, Nicola Dąbrowska-Szeja, Dariusz Łętowski, Dariusz Waniczek, Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak, Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutrients; dietary intake; autophagy; overweight; obesity; humans

Online: 26 September 2024 (16:29:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0506.v1

Influencing Factors and Symbiotic Mechanism of the Integration of Medical and Disease Prevention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Public Hospital Employees

Zhen Wu, Huiyi Tian, Dongjian Xu, Jiaying Chen, Yaqi Hu, Xiaohe Wang, And Siyu Zhou

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Integration; Medical and disease prevention; Mediating effect; Public health; Symbiotic

Online: 28 November 2022 (08:56:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0412.v1

Human Leukocyte Antigen-Allelic Variations May Influence the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in Lynch Syndrome

Lutricia Ndou, Ramadhani Chambuso, Ziyaad Valley-Omar, George Rebello, Paul Goldberg, Adam Boutall, Ursula Algar, Raj Ramesar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Lynch syndrome; colorectal cancer; germline pathogenic variant MLH1:c.1528C>; T; Human leukocyte antigen (HLA); age at cancer diagnosis; genetic risk modifiers; personalized cancer screening

Online: 7 March 2024 (07:36:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1724.v1

Data Loss Prevention Method Based on Multiprotocol Connectivity for IoT

Hamza Takrouni, Larbi Talbi, Youcef Fouzar

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Big Data, IoT Communications Protocols

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:06:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0048.v1

A Real-Life Manual for the Identification of Ultra-Processed Food and Its Use in Lifestyle Disease Prevention

Matej Kohutiar, Hana Krejci, Jan Vyjidak, Adam Obr

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: lifestyle diseases; food processing; ultra-processed food; NOVA classification; nutrition

Online: 6 April 2022 (13:44:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1426.v1

Improving the Efficiency and Safety of Sentinel Stink Bug Eggs Using X-Rays

Evelyne Hougardy, Ronald P. Haff, Brian N. Hogg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: stink bug; egg parasitism; field monitoring; sentinel eggs; x-ray irradiation; egg sterilization

Online: 18 September 2024 (13:57:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1585.v1

One Health Scoping Review of the Epidemiology of Human Fascioliasis across Africa for the Period 2000–2022

Moses Adriko, Edridah M. Tukahebwa, Miph B. Musoke, David Muwanguzi, Stellah Nambuya, Patrick Vudriko, Kalinda Chester, Samson Mukaratirwa, Moses J. Chimbari, Anna-Sofie Stensgaard, Birgitte Vennervald, Lawrence Mugisha

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: human-fascioliasis; prevalence; epidemiology; Africa; One-Health

Online: 25 April 2024 (15:07:38 CEST)

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(1)Background: Fascioliasis is considered a neglected tropical disease affecting an estimated 17 million people in more than 70 countries worldwide. The highest prevalence of human fascioliasis is found in regions where livestock farming and consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater plants are common, such as parts of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. It is responsible for over 90,000 disability-adjusted years of life due to associated abdominal complications. We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of human fascioliasis through a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available literature in Sun-Saharan Africa.(2). Methods: We screened a total of 126 publications using pubmed online search engine databases; Web of Science and CAB for articles published within a 20-year period between 2000 and 2022. We used a comprehensive search method using a combination of terms, parasite and disease names. The initial search resulted in a screening of articles by title, abstracts and full texts. The relevant information on the prevalence of human fascioliasis in Africa was extracted. Of the 126 publications, 33 articles were selected for meta-analysis. The essential information required was extracted from these documents and determined through statistical analysis in Microsoft Excel for calculating the prevalence of human fascioliasis in sub-Saharan Africa. The variance of each study was assessed using a bimodal distribution and heterogeneity assessment using a I2 index. Analysis was performed using random effects models.(3)Results: A total of 271 articles were searched through the database search and 33 articles were eligible studies that provided qualitative information on the prevalence of human fascioliasis in Africa. These make up 12.17% (n=33). The pooled prevalence estimates for human fascioliasis are 0.032% (IVhet PPE: 0.032% (95%CI 1.4-6.53). The highest prevalence rate was observed in Egypt with a prevalence of 100%. The prevalence of human fascioliasis is very high in some sub-Saharan countries, partly due to neglect of diagnostics, demonstrating the bias of available information for decision-making in human fascioliasis across Africa, given the spatial presence, scarcity and incompleteness are region.(4)Conclusions: The prevalence of Human fascioliasis is very high in some Sub-Saharan Countries partly due to neglect in diagnostics. This presents how highly focal with spatial occurrences, scarcity and patchy the available information for decision making is on Human fascioliasis across the Sub-Saharan African region.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0512.v1

Evidence On Viral Suppression Supports Scaling-Up Transition To Dolutegravir-Based Regimens In Pediatric Populations In Cameroon: A Multicentre Baseline Assessment For The Cipher-Adola Study

Joseph FOKAM, Yagai Bouba, Rogers Awoh Ajeh, Dominik Tameza Guebiapsi, Suzane Essamba, Albert Franck Zeh Meka, Ebiama Lifanda, Rose Armelle Ada, Yakouba Liman, Nancy Barbara Mbengono, Audrey Raissa Dzaddi Djomo, Suzie Ndiang Tetang, Samuel Martin Sosso, Jocelyne Carmen Babodo, Olivia Francette Ndomo Ambomo, Edith Michele Temgoua, Caroline Medouane, Sabine Ndejo Atsinkou, Justin Leonel Mvogo, Roger Martin Onana, Jean de Dieu Anoubissi, Alice Ketchaji, Alex Durand Nka, Davy-Hyacinthe Anguechia Gouissi, Aude Christelle Ka’e, Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem, Rachel Simo Kamgaing, Désiré Augustin Komego Takou, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Marie Atsama Amougou, Julius Nwobegahay, Comfort Vuchas, Anna Nya Nsimen, Bertrand Bille Eyoum, Sandra kenmegne Gatchuessi, Francis Ndongo Ateba, Daniel Kesseng, Serge Clotaire Billong, Daniele Armenia, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Paul Ndombo Koki, Hadja Cherif Hamsatou, Vittorio Colizzi, Alexis Ndjolo, Carlo Federico Perno, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Virological suppression; low level viremia; children, adolescents, and young-adults; DTG-based regimen; elimination of paediatric AIDS; Cameroon.

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:31:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0253.v1

Prevalence and Prevention of Clinical Injuries Among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Post-COVID-19 Study

Maria Antoniadou, Maria Chanioti, Asteropi Pantelaki, Antonios Parasiris, Evangelia Piperi, Christos Rahiotis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: percutaneous injuries; dentists; dental students; COVID-19 pandemic; dental students’ stress; dental school environment

Online: 5 June 2024 (08:25:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1491.v1

Review on the Impact of Iron Tailings on the Environment and Its Prevention and Control Strategies

Yunjie Bai, Weixing Liu, Aimin Yang, Bo Gao, Hao Li, Zhixiao Lin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science And Technology Keywords: Iron tailings; Environmental impact; Water pollution; Air pollution; Resource utilization

Online: 23 May 2024 (10:37:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2199.v1

Picolinamide Fungicides for Controlling Cercospora-Leaf Spot (CLS) of Sugar Beet

Akos Ferenc Biró, Andy J Leader, Andrea Hufnagl, Gábor Kukorelli, Zoltán Molnár

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: fungicides; new fungicides; picolinamides; fenpicoxamid; florylpicoxamid; Cercospora beticola; CERCBE

Online: 30 August 2024 (10:58:29 CEST)

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Studies were initiated to find new effective fungicides to use under field conditions to identify novel options for improved disease management in sugar beet. Cercospora-leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is a major foliar disease of sugar beet in all sugar beet growing areas, worldwide. The disease is now dominant in almost all sugar beet growing areas of Europe, including Hungary. The epidemic spread of this disease can cause up to 50% yield loss. The use of fungicides has been being an integral part of the control of CLS of sugar beet, due to lack of efficacy from non-chemical alternatives. In recent decades, the emergence of resistant strains in C. beticola Sacc. populations have reduced the efficacy of some fungicides (Quinoine inside Inhibitors (QoI) – FRAC Group 11; and DeMethylation-Inhibitors (DMI) – FRAC Group 3) because of repeated use over many uears. Resistance of CLS to fungicides belonging to different groups of active substances has been described in many countries of the world, including Hungary. The picolinamides are a new distinct group of fungal respiration inhibitors (Inhibition of Complex III) belonging to Quinoine inside Inhibitors (QiI). Two novel fungicides from the group of picolinamides (Qil – FRAC Group 21) – fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid– were tested and evaluated over two seasons, in vegetation period of 2020 and 2021 for controlling CLS of sugar beet in Hungary. Both fungicides were applied as straight formulated products at a range of dose rates, and they showed very effective control of CLS compared to the untreated control check plots and the reference fungicide product difenoconazole. The results consistently showed all tested dose rates of fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid provided effective control against CLS of sugar beet in addition to a clear dose response curve. Disease severity, in terms of area under the disease progress curve values (AUDPC), was significantly correlated with yield decrease, while no significant context existed between disease severity and sugar content of the roots. Additionally, the results showed in two investigated years, the efficacy of both picolinamide fungicides applied at 75 g ai/ha provided significantly better % control on CLS of sugar beet than the DMI fungicide difenoconazole applied at 100 g ai/ha dose rate. Fenpicoxamid is already registered in Europe in cereals and label extension is planned in sugar beet and other crops. Florylpicoxamid is not yet registered in Europe but is beginning to be approved in countries across the globe in a range of crops and is continuously under evaluation for potential markets.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0882.v1

Acute Kidney Disease following Acute Kidney Injury in Children—A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study on Risk Factors and Outcomes

Flavia Chisavu, Lazar Chisavu, Viviana Ivan, Adalbert Schiller, Adelina Mihaescu, Luciana Marc, Ramona Stroescu, Ruxandra Maria Steflea, Mihai Gafencu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: acute kidney disease; children; mortality; chronic kidney disease

Online: 15 April 2024 (04:46:15 CEST)

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