Biomedical papers, 2024 (vol. 168), issue 2
Reviews
Treatment adherence and the contemporary approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bela Kolars, Ivana Minakovic, Beata Grabovac, Dejan Zivanovic, Vesna Mijatovic Jovin
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):97-104 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.009 
This paper explores the modern approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), emphasizing the importance of adherence for successful management. It reviews various components of T2D treatment, lifestyle modifications, including medical nutritional therapy and physical activity. Medications in contemporary treatment are discussed, each with specific benefits and potential risks. Factors influencing the adherence to the components of treatment are analysed. Even though adherence leads to a better disease outcome, it is often poor. The review concludes that addressing factors affecting adherence can significantly improve T2D outcomes and reduce costs.
Current trends in the management of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)
Michal Plodr, Eva Chalusova
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):105-116 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.006
The last decade has seen the development of new procedures and technologies that have the potential to reverse the unfavourable prognosis of patients after OHCA. The early availability of AEDs in remote or sparsely populated destinations can be solved by deploying drones as AED carriers. Dispatchers will be able during an incoming emergency call to rely on the support of machine learning models or videocalls from the scene. The use of ECMO in patients after cardiac arrest is already an introduced method in the early in-hospital phase, and there are promising partial results from the pre-hospital area. The definition of input criteria for each method is a key factor in the misuse of forces and means and is a prerequisite to increasing the percentage of survival of OHCA with good neurological status.
Original papers
Novel approach to adherence assessment based on parent drug and metabolite pharmacokinetics: pilot study with spironolactone
Alena Pilkova, Martin Sima, Jan Miroslav Hartinger, Thi Minh Phuong Nikrynova Nguyen, Vera Maresova, Ivana Kurcova, Ondrej Slanar, Jiri Widimsky
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):117-123 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.048
Detection of drug or its metabolite in a blood sample without evaluation of serum concentration does not fully enable uncovering instances of improper drug use or white-coat adherence. Considering pharmacokinetic properties of the drug helps us to recognize if measured concentration refers to steady state, i. e. regular use, or is markedly reduced and therefore originates from irregular or single dose ingestion before sampling. Application of pharmacokinetic principles in the interpretation of serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs leads to a more precise evaluation of a patient's behaviour.
Serum concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D and the pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-17, IL-23, and IL-18 in patients with plaque psoriasis
Maria Ganeva, Zhivka Tsokeva, Tanya Gancheva, Evgeniya Hristakieva, Vanya Tsoneva, Irena Manolova
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):124-131 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.043
The IL-23/IL-17 pathogenic axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Vitamin D is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases by modulating the inflammatory process. The study established a moderate negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the PASI score suggesting participation of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and IL-18 in individuals with cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) in the study cohort and elevated levels of these cytokines in psoriasis patients with CMDs were detected.
Levels of retinol and retinoic acid in pancreatic cancer, type-2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis
Pavel Hrabak, Miroslava Zelenkova, Tomas Krechler, Jan Soupal, Michal Vocka, Tomas Hanus, Lubos Petruzelka, Stepan Svacina, Ales Zak, Tomas Zima, Marta Kalousova
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):132-138 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.049
There are still uncertainties about role of retinoids in pancreatic pathologies. The authors used high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection to measure the serum the retinol and ATRA levels in 246 patients with PDAC, CHP, T2DM and healthy controls. The authors confirmed a significant decrease in retinol levels in PDAC compared to CHP and healthy controls, significant decrease of ATRA levels in PDAC compared to T2DM and healthy controls and they found a correlation between retinol, prealbumin and transferrin, and of ATRA and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2.
High pre-transplant Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cell (MAIT) count predicts favorable course of myeloid aplasia
Ivana Karlova Zubata, Jitka Smetanova Brozova, Tomas Karel, Barbora Bacova, Jan Novak
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):139-146 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.011
MAIT cell abundance detected before myeloablative conditioning and autologous stem cell transplantation predicts the course of myeloid aplasia. The number of MAIT cells negatively correlated with peak C-reactive protein level and the amount of red blood cell transfusion units resulting in earlier discharge of patients with the most abundant MAIT cells.
Retinal microvascular abnormalities in major depression
Evgenii Sadykov, Ladislav Hosak, Alexandr Stepanov, Jana Zapletalova, Jan Studnicka
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):147-155 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.026
The authors detected significantly larger retinal arteriolar and venular calibres in a non-geriatric population with major depression compared with a population without depression. The finding may be useful for prevention as well as personalized treatment of this serious mental disorder.
Utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in parotid pleomorphic adenoma diagnosis and management
Alzbeta Fikova, Stepan Novak, David Kalfert, Martin Kuchar, Michal Zabrodsky, Lucie Dostalova, Jan Balko, Jan Plzak
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):156-161 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.027
The results confirmed, that ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is valuable in the diagnostic algorithm for patients with pleomorphic adenoma. Ultrasound-guided FNAB is simple, accurate and valuable in the diagnosis of plemorphic adenoma and provides results that can lead to the choice of less invasive operative treatment. For smaller tumours in favourable locations, extracapsular dissection is a safe and adequate surgical technique with minimal risk to the facial nerve or other local complications and without increased risk of recurrence.
High incidence of acute and subacute ischaemic foci on brain MRI in patients with a diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and confirmed patent foramen ovale
Radomir Nykl, Martin Hutyra, Eva Cechakova, Jan Precek, David Vindis, David Richter, Milos Taborsky
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):162-166 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.005
The authors present an evaluation of 129 patients with a diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism who were thoroughly examined (TTE, TEE, laboratory, brain MRI), They found a surprisingly high incidence of acute and subacute pathological findings on brain MRI in direct relation to the presence of PFO confirmed by TEE.
B cell subsets reconstitution and immunoglobulin levels in children and adolescents with B non-Hodgkin lymphoma after treatment with single anti CD20 agent dose included in chemotherapeutic protocols: single center experience and review of the literature
Eva Hlavackova, Zdenka Krenova, Arpad Kerekes, Peter Slanina, Marcela Vlkova
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):167-176 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.021
This is a retrospective one tertiary centre study which investigated the humoral and cellular immunity reconstitution and clinical impact of chemotherapeutic protocols that included a single rituximab dose in children and adolescents treated for non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. The proportion of IgG, IgM, and IgA hypogammaglobulinemia decreased over the follow-up period. The median for B cell reconstitution was 3 months after the end of lymphoma treatment. Transitional B lymphocyte subsets dominated at the time of B cell subset reconstitution. No secondary antibody deficiency needing immunoglobulin replacement therapy was found.
Case reports
Robotic assisted living donor nephrectomy - the first in the Czech Republic
Pavel Zemla, Igor Hartmann, Frantisek Hruska, Milan Kral, Jana Janeckova, Petr Utikal, Ales Vidlar, Karel Krejcí, Petr Bachleda
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):177-180 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.034
This work describes the first robotic assisted living donor nephrectomy in the Czech Republic which was performed in June 2022. Worldwide, this operation was first carried out in 2001 and has now become common practice at many workplaces. It not only provides all the advantages of a laparoscopic operation but it also adds other technical improvements and minimizes intraoperative stress on the surgeon. The authors believe this breakthrough in the Czech Republic will trigger an increase in robotic assisted kidney harvesting. This paper also incorporates our ten-year experience in living donor nephrectomies, conducted using various techniques.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin pneumonitis after intravesical instillation: Report of two cases and a review of the literature
Martina Spisarova, Stanislav Losse, Petr Jakubec, Igor Hartmann, Milan Kral, Jiri Ehrmann, Marek Szkorupa, Hana Studentova, Bohuslav Melichar
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):181-186 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.051
Two cases of BCG pneumonitis described in this study highlight the necessity to consider systemic BCG infection in patients after intravesical BCG therapy. Uncommon complications of bacillus Calmette-Guérin administration could be very serious and threaten the life of patients treated with this modality. Treatment with specific antituberculotic medication underlines the importance of correct diagnosis.
Macrotroponins cause discrepancy in high-sensitivity examination
Pavel Broz, Jaroslav Racek, Pavel Prokop, Jaroslav Novak, Daniel Rajdl, Ladislav Trefil
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):187-190 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.001
This work presents two cases of a discrepancy between clinical presentation and falsely elevated cardiac troponins concentrations. Cases like this are well known to laboratory professionals, however, according to the experience of the authors, clinical professionals are often not. Presentation of such cases to the wider medical community can help avoid unnecessary investigation and possible harm to patients.
This issue was published with support of Roche and Janssen-Cilag s.r.o. companies
