Arin is an extinct Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Russia along the Yenisei River, predominantly on its left shore, between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk,[2] north of the Minusinsk region. However, it has been suggested that the Arin people had historically occupied a larger geographical range. It became extinct in the 18th century.[2]
| Arin | |
|---|---|
| Ar Ara | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Yenisei River |
| Ethnicity | Arin people |
| Extinct | 1790[1] |
Dené–Yeniseian?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xrn |
xrn | |
| Glottolog | arin1243 |
 Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages. | |
It is believed that the term Ar or Ara was used by speakers of Arin to refer to themselves.[2]
Geographical distribution
editHydronyms assocated with Arin have the suffixes -set and -sat (meaning "river") and -kul' (meaning "water"). These hydronyms, along with Khanty folklore telling of an eastern people known as the ar-jäx "Ar people", indicate that Arin may have once been spread out as far west as the Ob.[2][3]
Classification
editIt is classified as belonging to the Arinic branch, being its only attested language.[3] The closest known relative of Arin, Pumpokol, has been suggested to be similar to the language of the ruling elite of the Xiongnu,[4] as well as that of the Jie ruling class of the Later Zhao dynasty.[5]
Phonology
editOne notable aspect of the Arin phonology is the correspondence of words starting with the word-initial k- and words in other Yeniseian languages that start with a bare vowel. For example, the Arin word kul (meaning 'water') corresponds to the Ket word uˑl’ and the Kott word ûl.[6]
Vowels
editThe vowel system in Arin is as follows:[7]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | (ʌ)1 | ɔ |
| Open | æ | a |
- The sound [ʌ], transcribed as ö, is only attested in the words ögga 'six', qoa-ögga 'sixteen', ögťuːŋ 'sixty', and utqʼöːnoŋ 'ear'.
Lexicon
editEtymological analysis suggests that speakers of the Arin language, as with other members of the Yeniseian people, were bilingual in Siberian Turkic languages; for example, the Arin word teminkur (meaning "ore") has been suggested to stem from the Old Turkic compound word *tämir qān (meaning "iron blood").[8]
References
edit- ^ "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Arin". asjp.clld.org. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ^ a b c d Georg, Stefan (2007). A Descriptive Grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak). Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-901903-58-4.
- ^ a b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2000). "Did the Xiong-nu Speak a Yeniseian Language?". Central Asiatic Journal. 44 (1): 87–104. ISSN 0008-9192.
- ^ VOVIN, Alexander; VAJDA, Edward; DE LA VAISSIÈRE, Étienne (2016). "Who were the *Kjet and What Language did they Speak?". Journal Asiatique (1): 125–144. doi:10.2143/JA.304.1.3146838. ISSN 1783-1504.
- ^ Fries, Simon; Bonmann, Svenja (22 December 2023). "The Development of Arin kul 'water' ~ Kott ûl, Ket ¹u·l', Yugh ¹ur and Its Typological Background". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 5 (2): 183–198. doi:10.1163/25898833-20230044. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ Werner, Heinrich (2005). Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts. Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05239-9.
- ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2015). "On the Yeniseian Arin word teminkur 'ore'". Words and Dictionaries: A Festschrift for Professor Stanisław Stachowski on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday: 149–154. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
External links
edit | This language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |