Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD) are neurodegenerative processes whose frequency is dramatically increasing in the western world.
Both diseases share a common pathogenic denominator characterized by an exaggerated activation of the systemic and cerebral immune system, respectively. For instance, lipopolysaccharides in PD and amyloid beta in AD trigger microglia and astrocytes to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines. Infiltrating peripheral T cells once activated in the central nervous system also contribute to the neurodegenerative process.
Besides innovative biotherapy, nutraceuticals or functional foods are currently investigated for their neuroprotective activities. Especially, vitamin D and polyphenols, seem to be promising therapeutic tools for inhibiting ROS formation and arresting cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, immunity, neurodegeneration, nutraceuticals, Parkinson disease, lipopolysaccharides, astrocytes, dopamine, raphe nuclei, hyposmia
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Immunopathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Therapeutic Models of Neuroprotection with Special Reference to Natural Products
Volume: 18 Issue: 1
Author(s): T. Magrone, G. Marzulli and E. Jirillo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, immunity, neurodegeneration, nutraceuticals, Parkinson disease, lipopolysaccharides, astrocytes, dopamine, raphe nuclei, hyposmia
Abstract: Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD) are neurodegenerative processes whose frequency is dramatically increasing in the western world.
Both diseases share a common pathogenic denominator characterized by an exaggerated activation of the systemic and cerebral immune system, respectively. For instance, lipopolysaccharides in PD and amyloid beta in AD trigger microglia and astrocytes to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines. Infiltrating peripheral T cells once activated in the central nervous system also contribute to the neurodegenerative process.
Besides innovative biotherapy, nutraceuticals or functional foods are currently investigated for their neuroprotective activities. Especially, vitamin D and polyphenols, seem to be promising therapeutic tools for inhibiting ROS formation and arresting cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and AD.
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Cite this article as:
Magrone T., Marzulli G. and Jirillo E., Immunopathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Therapeutic Models of Neuroprotection with Special Reference to Natural Products, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212798919057
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212798919057 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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