Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, recognized as a serious threat in healthcare facilities, has the ability to develop resistance to antibiotics quite easily. This resistance is related to either gene acquisition (horizontal gene transfer) or mutations in the genome, leading to gene disruption, over- or down-expression of genes. The clinically relevant antibiotic resistances in A. baumannii include resistance to aminoglycosides, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, tigecycline and colistin, which are the last resort antibiotics. The intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii are presented here, with special focus on β-lactam resistance. The most up-to-date techniques for identification, including phenotypical and molecular tests, and screening of those emerging resistance traits are also highlighted. The implementation of early detection and identification of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is crucial to control their spread.
MeSH terms
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Acinetobacter Infections / diagnosis
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Acinetobacter Infections / drug therapy
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Acinetobacter Infections / microbiology
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Acinetobacter baumannii / drug effects
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Acinetobacter baumannii / enzymology
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Acinetobacter baumannii / genetics*
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Aminoglycosides / pharmacology
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
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Bacterial Proteins / genetics*
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Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
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Bacterial Typing Techniques
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Carbapenems / pharmacology*
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Cephalosporins / pharmacology
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Colistin / pharmacology
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Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / drug effects
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Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics*
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Gene Expression
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Gene Transfer, Horizontal
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Humans
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Minocycline / analogs & derivatives
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Minocycline / pharmacology
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Mutation
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Tigecycline
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beta-Lactam Resistance / drug effects
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beta-Lactam Resistance / genetics*
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beta-Lactamases / genetics*
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beta-Lactamases / metabolism
Substances
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Aminoglycosides
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Bacterial Proteins
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Carbapenems
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Cephalosporins
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Tigecycline
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beta-Lactamases
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carbapenemase
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Minocycline
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Colistin