Abstract
The effect of extracellular domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 on interleukin (IL)-10, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-y, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by ELISA. Rapid gp41-induced increase of IL-10 production was detected in resting PBMC and isolated monocytes but not in B, T, or NK cells. Furthermore, gp41 also enhanced IL-10 production in staphylococcal enterotoxin B-stimulated PBMC, while synthesis of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 in these cells was down-modulated. Kinetic studies revealed that increased IL-10 production preceded reduction of IL-2, indicating the possible IL-10 regulatory role in the gp41-induced down-modulation of this cytokine. Anti-IL-10 antibody reversed almost completely the gp41 inhibitory effect on IL-2 production. In this study, HIV-1 gp41 was a potent modulator of cytokine production by PBMC, in particular by increasing IL-10 secretion from normal monocytes/macrophages and consequently down-regulating IL-2 and IFN-gamma.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Antibodies, Blocking / immunology
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B-Lymphocytes / immunology
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B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Carrier Proteins / genetics
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Cells, Cultured
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Enterotoxins / immunology
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HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / genetics
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HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / immunology*
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HIV Infections / immunology*
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HIV-1 / immunology*
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Humans
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Interferon-gamma / immunology
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Interferon-gamma / metabolism
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Interleukin-10 / immunology
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Interleukin-10 / metabolism
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Interleukin-2 / immunology
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Interleukin-2 / metabolism
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Interleukin-4 / immunology
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Interleukin-4 / metabolism
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
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Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism
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Kinetics
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Maltose-Binding Proteins
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Monocytes / immunology*
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Monocytes / metabolism*
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
Substances
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Antibodies, Blocking
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Carrier Proteins
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Enterotoxins
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HIV Envelope Protein gp41
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Interleukin-2
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Maltose-Binding Proteins
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Interleukin-10
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Interleukin-4
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enterotoxin B, staphylococcal
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Interferon-gamma