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P. A. Milyaev, A. A. Kudryavtsev LOCKS AND KEYS OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL LADOGA Abstract. The paper provides an overview of locks and keys from Staraya Ladoga dating to the early historical stage of this settlement (second half of the... more
P. A. Milyaev, A. A. Kudryavtsev
LOCKS AND KEYS OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL LADOGA
Abstract. The paper provides an overview of locks and keys from Staraya Ladoga dating to the early historical stage of this settlement (second half of the 8th–10th centuries).
Most items have analogies found in several trade and craft settlements and cemeteries in Scandinavia and the Circum-Baltic region. It is the items imported from northern Europe to Staraya Ladoga that started the tradition of using locks and keys in Medieval Russia.
LOCKS AND KEYS OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL LADOGA
Abstract. The paper provides an overview of locks and keys from Staraya Ladoga dating to the early historical stage of this settlement (second half of the 8th–10th centuries).
Most items have analogies found in several trade and craft settlements and cemeteries in Scandinavia and the Circum-Baltic region. It is the items imported from northern Europe to Staraya Ladoga that started the tradition of using locks and keys in Medieval Russia.
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The study of a number of artifacts and ceramic materials discovered during the excavations of Yuriev monastery and St. George’s cathedral suggests that a rural settlement arose on the territory of the monastery in the 10th century. It... more
The study of a number of artifacts and ceramic materials discovered during the excavations of Yuriev monastery and St. George’s cathedral suggests that a rural settlement arose on the territory of the monastery in the 10th century. It may be correlated to other archaeological sites
of this type in Ilmen Lakeland. Subsequently, it formed
the territory of Yuriev Monastery, becoming its settlement.
Based on the data of archaeological research, one can put
forward a hypothesis about the location of this settlement
in the pre-Mongolian period
of this type in Ilmen Lakeland. Subsequently, it formed
the territory of Yuriev Monastery, becoming its settlement.
Based on the data of archaeological research, one can put
forward a hypothesis about the location of this settlement
in the pre-Mongolian period
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The article features the characteristics of the coin and artefact hoard of the late 10th – early 11th century AD found in the vicinity of the village of Staraya Melnitsa near Novgorod in 2014. The place of its finding was examined in... more
The article features the characteristics of the coin and artefact hoard of the late 10th – early 11th century AD
found in the vicinity of the village of Staraya Melnitsa near Novgorod in 2014. The place of its finding was
examined in 2018. In 2021, the complex entered the funds of the Novgorod Museum-Reserve. The hoard
consists of 153 items of various categories, including both typically Slavic jewellery and pendants of Scandinavian origin, as well as a belt set of Oghuz-Pecheneg origin, silver coins (dirhams and miliarensia), weights
and glass objects (beads and inserts / overlays). This is only the third hoard of such significance in Novgorod
Region. In its composition, it is most similar to the complex found near the villages of Goroshkovo and Lyuboezha in the Novgorod Poozerye (lake district), and to some of the Gnezdovo hoards. Nevertheless, a
combination of a number of features (details of a belt set ornamented with gilding and niello, weights, two
imitations of Samanid dirhams with bird (falcon) heads crowned with a cross) make it possible to claim its
exceptional character for Rus.
found in the vicinity of the village of Staraya Melnitsa near Novgorod in 2014. The place of its finding was
examined in 2018. In 2021, the complex entered the funds of the Novgorod Museum-Reserve. The hoard
consists of 153 items of various categories, including both typically Slavic jewellery and pendants of Scandinavian origin, as well as a belt set of Oghuz-Pecheneg origin, silver coins (dirhams and miliarensia), weights
and glass objects (beads and inserts / overlays). This is only the third hoard of such significance in Novgorod
Region. In its composition, it is most similar to the complex found near the villages of Goroshkovo and Lyuboezha in the Novgorod Poozerye (lake district), and to some of the Gnezdovo hoards. Nevertheless, a
combination of a number of features (details of a belt set ornamented with gilding and niello, weights, two
imitations of Samanid dirhams with bird (falcon) heads crowned with a cross) make it possible to claim its
exceptional character for Rus.
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The article presents the characteristics of the investigated site of the necropolis of the Sitetsky monastery, discovered at excavation 2 to the south of the ruins of the Church of St. Andrew the Fool. Judging by the funeral inventory... more
The article presents the characteristics of the investigated site of the necropolis of the Sitetsky monastery, discovered at excavation 2 to the south of the ruins of the Church of St. Andrew the Fool. Judging by the funeral inventory (crosses and shoe shoes), the main part of the burials dates back to the second half of the XVII century – XVIII century. In the Village on the site of the Kirillov Monastery, new destructions of the cultural layer were recorded, local exploration work was carried out.
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In December 1941 Moscow departments IIMK employees, who remained in the capital, be-gan to participate in the work of the Commission on the Great Patriotic War History. As part of its tasks, they were engaged in archaeological... more
In December 1941 Moscow departments IIMK employees, who remained in the capital, be-gan to participate in the work of the Commission on the Great Patriotic War History. As part of its tasks, they were engaged in archaeological observations and fixing the destruction of architectural monuments, which ensured the work of the Institute in difficult wartime conditions.
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A bronze ring with volutes from the excavations in the Novgorod detinets Abstract. The article is devoted to the find of a bronze ring with volutes (or with vortices), revealed during architectural and archaeological studies of the church... more
A bronze ring with volutes from the excavations
in the Novgorod detinets
Abstract. The article is devoted to the find of a bronze ring with volutes (or with vortices), revealed during
architectural and archaeological studies of the church of Boris and Gleb in the Novgorod detinets. Together
with two more similar rings found on the territory of Ludin end of the medieval Novgorod, they make up a
narrowly dated series of similar jewelry (the second half of the 10th – beginning of the 11th century). In the
sequal, the existence of such rings in Novgorod is practically interrupted, but in the 11th – 12th centuries they
are widely distributed in the territories occupied by Ests and Livs.
in the Novgorod detinets
Abstract. The article is devoted to the find of a bronze ring with volutes (or with vortices), revealed during
architectural and archaeological studies of the church of Boris and Gleb in the Novgorod detinets. Together
with two more similar rings found on the territory of Ludin end of the medieval Novgorod, they make up a
narrowly dated series of similar jewelry (the second half of the 10th – beginning of the 11th century). In the
sequal, the existence of such rings in Novgorod is practically interrupted, but in the 11th – 12th centuries they
are widely distributed in the territories occupied by Ests and Livs.
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В статье представлен обзор личного фонда М.Ф. Косарева, поступившего в Научно-отраслевой архив Института археологии РАН в 2019 г. (Ф. 68). Материалы фонда содержат отчетные данные о работах Западно-Сибирской археологической экспедиции ИА... more
В статье представлен обзор личного фонда М.Ф. Косарева, поступившего в Научно-отраслевой архив Института археологии РАН в 2019 г. (Ф. 68). Материалы фонда содержат отчетные данные о работах Западно-Сибирской археологической экспедиции ИА АН СССР в 1960-1980-е гг., рукописи статей и монографий, сведения о научной и служебной деятельности ученого. Архивные дела фонда являются источником по изучению культур бронзового века Западной Сибири и Урала и различных аспектов истории и этнографии этих регионов, сибирского язычества.
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Since 2017, archaeological investigations have been conducted at the Old-Russian settlement of Sitka I situated to the south from Novgorod in the territory of the former Sitetsky Monastery. This settlement was discovered by Evgeniy N.... more
Since 2017, archaeological investigations have been conducted at the Old-Russian settlement of Sitka I
situated to the south from Novgorod in the territory of the former Sitetsky Monastery. This settlement was
discovered by Evgeniy N. Nosov in 1984 (Fig. 1). The ceramic collection allows us to date the settlement to the
10th–17th century. In 2020, for investigation of the necropolis of the cloister, excavation no. 2 was started to the
south from the ruins of the Church of St Andrew the Holy Fool.
Totally, 26 graves of the 17th–18th century have been excavated. In the central section of the excavation, in
mixed strata between the burials, a bronze cast front valve of an encolpion with cross-shaped terminals was
uncovered (Fig. 2). On the cross, in its middle area, a crucifix is represented which is part of the Deisis: on the
left, a semi-figure of the praying Mother of God is depicted, on the right there is John the Apostle. Above there
is a full-height figure of an apostle with a spear and a sphere, at the bottom there is an apostle with a staff and a
scroll. Through the parallels, the cross is datable to the 14th century. During excavations in Novgorod, only one
analogous reliquary cross has been found dated to the boundary between the 14th and 15th centuries. Similar
crosses are represented also among materials from Pskov, Moscow and Radonezh (Fig. 3). Many undocumented
reliquary crosses of this type are kept in different museum collections.
Chemical analysis has shown that the metal from which the cross is cast belongs to a group of multicomponent low-doped alloys (CuSnPbZn) (Table).
On the reverse side of the valve, there are imprints of a textile indicating a funerary character of the find.
In the 13th century, the tradition, rare as it was, to place crosses in graves was interrupted. This fact makes
it improbable that the find is dated to the period of the 14th–15th century. Evidently, the cross came from a
disturbed burial of a period later than the object itself. Moreover, it was not already been used as a reliquary.
The valve with the crucifix became a separate pectoral cross and was placed in the grave which afterwards was
destroyed. If it is true, it may have probably belonged to a representative of the clergy
situated to the south from Novgorod in the territory of the former Sitetsky Monastery. This settlement was
discovered by Evgeniy N. Nosov in 1984 (Fig. 1). The ceramic collection allows us to date the settlement to the
10th–17th century. In 2020, for investigation of the necropolis of the cloister, excavation no. 2 was started to the
south from the ruins of the Church of St Andrew the Holy Fool.
Totally, 26 graves of the 17th–18th century have been excavated. In the central section of the excavation, in
mixed strata between the burials, a bronze cast front valve of an encolpion with cross-shaped terminals was
uncovered (Fig. 2). On the cross, in its middle area, a crucifix is represented which is part of the Deisis: on the
left, a semi-figure of the praying Mother of God is depicted, on the right there is John the Apostle. Above there
is a full-height figure of an apostle with a spear and a sphere, at the bottom there is an apostle with a staff and a
scroll. Through the parallels, the cross is datable to the 14th century. During excavations in Novgorod, only one
analogous reliquary cross has been found dated to the boundary between the 14th and 15th centuries. Similar
crosses are represented also among materials from Pskov, Moscow and Radonezh (Fig. 3). Many undocumented
reliquary crosses of this type are kept in different museum collections.
Chemical analysis has shown that the metal from which the cross is cast belongs to a group of multicomponent low-doped alloys (CuSnPbZn) (Table).
On the reverse side of the valve, there are imprints of a textile indicating a funerary character of the find.
In the 13th century, the tradition, rare as it was, to place crosses in graves was interrupted. This fact makes
it improbable that the find is dated to the period of the 14th–15th century. Evidently, the cross came from a
disturbed burial of a period later than the object itself. Moreover, it was not already been used as a reliquary.
The valve with the crucifix became a separate pectoral cross and was placed in the grave which afterwards was
destroyed. If it is true, it may have probably belonged to a representative of the clergy
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THE ALL-UNION ARCHAEOLOGICAL MEETING OF 1945 AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE USSR ARCHEOLOGY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD © 2020 A.A. Kudryavtsev , S.A. Volodin Institute of archaeology RAS A new stage begins in the history of Russian archeology in... more
THE ALL-UNION ARCHAEOLOGICAL MEETING OF 1945 AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE USSR ARCHEOLOGY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD
© 2020 A.A. Kudryavtsev , S.A. Volodin
Institute of archaeology RAS
A new stage begins in the history of Russian archeology in the post-war period, and the All-Union Archaeological Meeting in Moscow in the spring of 1945 marked its beginning. The scale of the event, organized on the basis of the Institute of the History of Material Culture, the number of participants and the coverage of topics was consistent with the level of prerevolutionary archaeolog-ical congresses. At its meetings and in the final publications, many goals and objectives were voiced, subsequently realized in large-scale archaeological research in the USSR, improving legislation in the field of the protection of cultural monuments and organizing foreign expeditions. Such forums were no longer convened in the future. It makes possible to highlight the significance of the All-Union Archaeological Conference.
Keywords: history of Soviet archaeology, Institute for the History of Material Culture, All-Soviet archaeological meeting, protection of cultural heritage.
© 2020 A.A. Kudryavtsev , S.A. Volodin
Institute of archaeology RAS
A new stage begins in the history of Russian archeology in the post-war period, and the All-Union Archaeological Meeting in Moscow in the spring of 1945 marked its beginning. The scale of the event, organized on the basis of the Institute of the History of Material Culture, the number of participants and the coverage of topics was consistent with the level of prerevolutionary archaeolog-ical congresses. At its meetings and in the final publications, many goals and objectives were voiced, subsequently realized in large-scale archaeological research in the USSR, improving legislation in the field of the protection of cultural monuments and organizing foreign expeditions. Such forums were no longer convened in the future. It makes possible to highlight the significance of the All-Union Archaeological Conference.
Keywords: history of Soviet archaeology, Institute for the History of Material Culture, All-Soviet archaeological meeting, protection of cultural heritage.
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В статье представлен обзор личного фонда выдающегося советского археолога А.Л. Монгайта (Научно-отраслевой архив ИА РАН. Ф-14). Материалы этого фонда могут быть разделены на несколько блоков, включающих обширную полевую документацию;... more
В статье представлен обзор личного фонда выдающегося советского археолога А.Л. Монгайта (Научно-отраслевой архив ИА РАН. Ф-14). Материалы этого фонда могут быть разделены на несколько блоков, включающих обширную полевую документацию; рабочие документов, связанных с научной деятельностью ученого, подготовкой статей и монографий; бумаги, связанные с общественной и служебной деятельностью; биографические данные и значительный массив входящей и исходящей корреспонденции. Данный фонд в настоящее время является не только основным источником для изучения научного пути А.Л. Монгайта, но и важным ресурсом для исследований в области древнерусской архитектуры, средневековых фортификаций, памятников археологии Рязанской земли.
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Within the framework of the Balkan archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences in January-February of 1946 scientists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture and the Institute of... more
Within the framework of the Balkan archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences in January-February of 1946 scientists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture and the Institute of Ethnography carried out works in Bulgaria to establish scientifi c contacts and to organize joint archaeological researches. This country was considered as a region, the study of which will give new information about the early stage of the history of the Slavs, and was also important in view of the increased importance of Byzantium for Soviet historical science. The Bulgarian authorities paid great attention to the visit of Soviet scientists. They were supported by state and scientifi c organizations, and the press covered their trip around the country. Members of the expedition gave public lectures in Sofi a, then published a separate collection of articles. On his return, the head of the expedition, P. N. Tretyakov submitted a closed report to the Presidium of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences, in which he rather critically assessed the level of Bulgarian archaeology. This, however, can be explained by opportunistic reasons.
Although the results of the expedition were approved by the leadership
of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences and the Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, the planned joint archaeological research did not take place.
Despite this, the conduct of the Balkan expedition was of great importance for both the Soviet side and the Bulgarian scientists, despite of the factfi nding character of the Balkan expedition and the unrealized plans for the joint archaeological research. The expedition laid the foundation for further cooperation in archaeology fi eld. Later it came true in several joint expeditions to the territory of the USSR and Bulgaria, they had a diverse scope of work goals. The article also informs of the Bulgarian archaeology achievement before the visit of Soviet delegation, its preparatory stage and investigation in Bulgaria.
Although the results of the expedition were approved by the leadership
of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences and the Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, the planned joint archaeological research did not take place.
Despite this, the conduct of the Balkan expedition was of great importance for both the Soviet side and the Bulgarian scientists, despite of the factfi nding character of the Balkan expedition and the unrealized plans for the joint archaeological research. The expedition laid the foundation for further cooperation in archaeology fi eld. Later it came true in several joint expeditions to the territory of the USSR and Bulgaria, they had a diverse scope of work goals. The article also informs of the Bulgarian archaeology achievement before the visit of Soviet delegation, its preparatory stage and investigation in Bulgaria.
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In 1946, by decision of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an archaeological and ethnographic expedition including six researchers of the Institute for the History of Material Culture and the Institute of Ethnography was sent... more
In 1946, by decision of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an archaeological and
ethnographic expedition including six researchers of the Institute for the History of Material Culture
and the Institute of Ethnography was sent to Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. During two months
of their work, participants of the expedition delivered lectures at local museums and universities,
conducted ethnographic studies, examined archaeological collections, and established contacts with
Balkan archaeologists. The article discusses expedition projects, its preparation, final publications and
reports. Despite the general exploratory nature of the Balkan expedition and its failure to complete
plans for joint archaeological research in Bulgaria, implementation of the expedition itself was of great
importance both for the Soviet side and for researchers in the Balkan countries.
ethnographic expedition including six researchers of the Institute for the History of Material Culture
and the Institute of Ethnography was sent to Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. During two months
of their work, participants of the expedition delivered lectures at local museums and universities,
conducted ethnographic studies, examined archaeological collections, and established contacts with
Balkan archaeologists. The article discusses expedition projects, its preparation, final publications and
reports. Despite the general exploratory nature of the Balkan expedition and its failure to complete
plans for joint archaeological research in Bulgaria, implementation of the expedition itself was of great
importance both for the Soviet side and for researchers in the Balkan countries.
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В 1943-1944 гг. сотрудники Института истории материальной культуры принимали участие в работе Чрезвычайной государственной комиссии (ЧГК). Это выражалось в составлении инструкций по установлению стоимости различных археологических... more
В 1943-1944 гг. сотрудники Института истории материальной культуры принимали участие в работе Чрезвычайной государственной комиссии (ЧГК). Это выражалось в составлении инструкций по установлению стоимости различных археологических памятников для определения нанесенного им ущерба в период оккупации, составлении их списков и анкетировании. В 1944 г. ИИМК по заданию ЧГК организовал восемь экспедиций в освобожденные районы РСФСР и УССР с целью обследования ряда поселений и курганных могильников, а также музеев с археологическими коллекциями, пострадавших в военные годы. Участие в деятельности ЧГК позволило Московскому отделению ИИМК сохранить основные функции научного учреждения в тяжелый период войны.
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In 2016–2017, in the course of architectural archaeological investigations of the Church of Annunciation directed by Vl. V. Sedov, surveys were conducted in order to confirm the presence in 1103 of the moat of the Ryurik Gorodishche... more
In 2016–2017, in the course of architectural archaeological investigations of the Church of Annunciation directed by Vl. V. Sedov, surveys were conducted in order to confirm the presence in 1103 of the moat of the Ryurik Gorodishche (Rurik Hillfort) under the temple. The results of excavations of the Novgorod Oblast Archaeological
Expedition (NOAE) allowed E. N. Nosov, as early as in the late 1980s, to suppose that the line of the ancient moat passed under the Church of Annunciation or near it and this circumstance was in fact the reason for destruction of this monumental building in 1342. Near the southern apse of the church of 1103, an exploratory pit (2016) and a trench (2017) were sunk. The lower layers above the building horizons there were constituted of amorphous sandy soil with small inclusions of charcoal and rare fragments of ceramic vessels and animal bones. In the trench, while digging this layer, an accumulation of burnt wooden blocks was found. In consideration of the closeness of the foundations of the church of the mid-14th century, the works at the two areas were suspended at a certain level. Examinations of the results of previous excavations at Ryurik Gorodishche suggested that in the trench and exploratory pit, the upper layer of the moat was touched — the sand with which the latter was filled in the late
11th century. Investigations of 2016–2017 have demonstrated that the eastern part of the church of the early 12th century undoubtedly stood on the place of the filled moat that evidently caused deformations of the construction. The western border of the moat passed possibly to the west from its apses. This supposition is suggested by the absence of any identified traces of defences in the stratified deposits of Ryurik Gorodishche between the foundation bands of the western part of the church as shown by excavations of 2016. The evidence obtained from the excavations fully confirms E. N. Nosov’s supposition about the causes of the destruction of the Church of Annunciation and presents more precise details for the reconstruction of the
line of the ancient ditch of Ryurik Gorodishche proposed by him and N. V. Khvoshchinskaya.
Expedition (NOAE) allowed E. N. Nosov, as early as in the late 1980s, to suppose that the line of the ancient moat passed under the Church of Annunciation or near it and this circumstance was in fact the reason for destruction of this monumental building in 1342. Near the southern apse of the church of 1103, an exploratory pit (2016) and a trench (2017) were sunk. The lower layers above the building horizons there were constituted of amorphous sandy soil with small inclusions of charcoal and rare fragments of ceramic vessels and animal bones. In the trench, while digging this layer, an accumulation of burnt wooden blocks was found. In consideration of the closeness of the foundations of the church of the mid-14th century, the works at the two areas were suspended at a certain level. Examinations of the results of previous excavations at Ryurik Gorodishche suggested that in the trench and exploratory pit, the upper layer of the moat was touched — the sand with which the latter was filled in the late
11th century. Investigations of 2016–2017 have demonstrated that the eastern part of the church of the early 12th century undoubtedly stood on the place of the filled moat that evidently caused deformations of the construction. The western border of the moat passed possibly to the west from its apses. This supposition is suggested by the absence of any identified traces of defences in the stratified deposits of Ryurik Gorodishche between the foundation bands of the western part of the church as shown by excavations of 2016. The evidence obtained from the excavations fully confirms E. N. Nosov’s supposition about the causes of the destruction of the Church of Annunciation and presents more precise details for the reconstruction of the
line of the ancient ditch of Ryurik Gorodishche proposed by him and N. V. Khvoshchinskaya.
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В статье представлен обзор архивных материалов по деятельности Монгольской историко-этнографической экспедиции АН СССР 1948-1949 гг. из личного фонда С.В. Киселева. Отдельно представлен фильм "Древности Монголии", снятый участниками... more
В статье представлен обзор архивных материалов по деятельности Монгольской историко-этнографической экспедиции АН СССР 1948-1949 гг. из личного фонда С.В. Киселева. Отдельно представлен фильм "Древности Монголии", снятый участниками экспедиции
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В работе представлен краткий обзор материалов личного фонда П.Д. Либерова, систематизированных по тематическим блокам: полевая документация, материалы по докторской диссертации, документы, связанные с научной деятельностью, личные... more
В работе представлен краткий обзор материалов личного фонда П.Д. Либерова, систематизированных по тематическим блокам: полевая документация, материалы по докторской диссертации, документы, связанные с научной деятельностью, личные материалы, корреспонденция.
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В статье анализируются материалы Научно-отраслевого архива ИА РАН из личного фонда Е.И. Крупнова, относящиеся к его деятельности по сохранению археологического и культурного наследия Северного Кавказа. Большая часть документов... more
В статье анализируются материалы Научно-отраслевого архива ИА РАН из личного фонда Е.И. Крупнова, относящиеся к его деятельности по сохранению археологического и культурного наследия Северного Кавказа. Большая часть документов представляет собой корреспонденцию, адресованную знаменитому кавказоведу. Переписка освещает вопросы охраны, реставрации, определения статуса памятников археологии и архитектуры Карачаево-Черкессии, Северной Осетии, Ингушетии, Ставропольского края.