Yael Ram

The study examines whether tourists are targets of terror attacks. Three hypotheses are tested, regarding the annual share of terror attacks against clear and vague tourist targets with foreigners as victims, and the likelihood that tourist targets will be attacked in relation to the number of international tourist arrivals and the annual amount of international tourism receipts. The findings do not show that tourists are being targeted, and the statistical relationship between tourist arrivals and receipts is not robust at best. The study offers some theoretical and practical conclusions for tourism and terrorism studies.

The present study explores the interrelationships between Airbnb and both the formal accommodation industry (hotels) and the housing market. We used time-series data (28-49 months) from Tel Aviv, a city where Airbnb was not regulated during the studied period. The analysis shows that Airbnb plays a dual function for the accommodation market. While it complements the demand for hotels, it competes with residents in the housing market and increases rental prices of apartments of all sizes. These results demonstrate that the effects of Airbnb listings on housing markets need to be contextualized by a broader understanding of the housing stock and the regulatory environment. From a tourism perspective, Airbnb may be relatively complementary to the formal accommodation market, especially in responding to seasonal demands. Nevertheless, regulatory issues concerning equity in meeting governmental requirements for accommodation remain essential.

This research examines the impact of COVID-19 mobility restrictions and vaccinations on people's behavioural intentions to travel and their actual travel patterns. The study was conducted in Israel using three-wave cross-sectional analysis: June 2020 (n=129), November 2020 (n=211) and April 2021 (n=208). The findings reveal that the main factor supporting tourism is the desire to resume travel and not vaccination. The study also shows that domestic travel is not a substitute for international travel, at least in the case of Israel. Attitudes towards tourism are significant predictors of domestic and international travel intentions and of actual domestic travel. Nevertheless, the belief that tourism is a source of recovery is related only to intentions to travel internationally. Nonclinical depression symptoms are negatively correlated with domestic tourism. Variables previously considered relevant to resuming tourism, e.g., vaccination, economic stress and health risk factors, have little or no influence on future demand, while attitudes regarding tourism emerge as the most important factor.

The Israel - National Ecosystem Assessment (I-NEA) project aims to present a comprehensive picture of the state and trends of Israel's ecosystem services across all ecosystems, by integrating existing data and information collected from a wide range of sources. Although there is a lack of information about the spatial distribution of ecosystem services’ provisioning in Israel, their mapping constitutes an important part of the assessment.

In this paper, we present a national-scale mapping of three ecosystem services, each of them implemented using different methods: 1) Genetic resources service, mapped using spatial observations of the Crop Wild Relatives species; 2) potential of pollination service, which is provided by wild bees, mapped using an expert-based habitat model related to land use and land cover; and 3) cultural service of recreation, mapped by analysing the distribution of geotagged digital photographs uploaded to social media resources. The derived maps visualise, for the first time in Israel, the spatially distributed values of the three ecosystem services. Supply hotspots with high values for all three services were identified, as well as spatial differences amongst the ecosystem services. These national-scale maps provide overlooked insights and can be very useful for strategic discussions of stakeholders and decision-makers but should be regarded with caution given existing knowledge gaps and possible inaccuracies due to data scarcity and low resolution.

Ram, Y. & Hall, C.M. 2018, Walk score and tourist accommodation. International Journal of Tourist Cities, <DOI: 10.1108/IJTC-11-2017-0066>.

• Purpose - The work extends research on tourist walkability and Walk Score® by posing the question 'does tourist accommodation benefit from being located in walkable places?'.
• Design/methodology/approach – Using Tel Aviv municipality as a case study, the prices and number of reviews of 81 hotels and 97 Airbnb listings were associated with their corresponding Walk Score® measures.
• Findings-The relationship between Walk Score and prices and number of reviews was not linear or strong. However, the most expensive accommodation and more popular hotels, were below the median Walk Score of Tel Aviv.
• Research limitations/implications-The findings may reflect specific conditions associated with Tel Aviv, such as city compactness, topography, and planning regulations.
• Practical implications-The study suggests that accommodation benefits if located on the margins of very walkable areas. This raises regulatory and promotion issues for accommodation, and challenges for transport and tourism planners.
• Originality/value – The study adds to the limited knowledge regarding tourism-related walkability, and is the first examination of links between walkability (measured by Walk Score index) and tourist accommodation (hotels and Airbnb).

Keywords: Walkability, Accommodation, Walk Score, Tel Aviv, Overtourism, Airbnb

This is a copy of the submitted research note. For the authoritative version please consult the journal website

Hall, C.M. & Ram, Y. (2018). Walk score® and its potential contribution to the study of active transport and walkability: A critical and systematic review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.12.018

ABSTRACT The Walk Score® index has become increasingly applied in studies of walking and walkability. The index assesses the " walking potential " of a place through a combination of three elements: the shortest distance to a group of preselected destinations, the block length, and the intersection density around the origin. The Index links a gravity-based measure (distance accessibility), with topological accessibility (street connectivity) measured by two complementary indicators that act as penalties in the final score (linearly expanded in the range 0 to 100). A systematic review of Scopus® and Web of Science® was conducted with 42 journal articles eventually being evaluated. Research was primarily undertaken in North American urban geographies. Analysis of walkability using Walk Score® is inconsistent. Twenty-nine papers do not exclusively rely on Walk Score® as a single measurement of walkability and add further estimates to better capture the multiple dimensions of walkability. In 33 studies the Walk Score® was used as an independent variable, and only once as a mediating-moderating variable. In eight papers (18%) the Walk Score® was a part of a bivariate correlation model. On no occasion was it used as a dependent variable. Results tend to only partly support the validity of Walk Score®. The paper concludes that the Index is best understood as a surrogate measure of the density of the built environment of a specific neighborhood that indicates utilitarian walking potential. Implications for, and potential areas of, future research are discussed.

Keywords
Active transport; Built environment; Leisure walking; Utilitarian walking; Walk Score®; Walkability
Highlights
• A critical systematic review of papers using the Walk Score® index.
• Identifies use of the Walk Score® index as a variable in studies of walkability.
• Evaluates extent to which hypotheses in Walk Score® publications have been supported or not.
•Identifies the use of attributes in addition to Walk Score® in studies of walking.

Hall, C.M. & Ram, Y. 2017, Measuring the relationship between tourism and walkability?: Walk Score and English tourist attractions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, <DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1404607>.

Walking is an important part of the tourist experience and a significant element of sustainable mobility. Although the concept of walkability has substantial health, social, economic, and environmental dimensions for permanent residents little attention has been given to the concept of walkability from a tourist perspective. This study examines the relationships between walkability and indicators of successful tourism as measured by visitor numbers and TripAdvisor reviews for leading English visitor attractions. Walkability is measured by using the Walk Score® index that assesses the walking potential of an origin point through a combination of the shortest distance to a group of preselected destination points, the block length, and the intersection density around the origin. The Walk Score algorithm includes built environment characteristics but not route characteristics. The study found only weak relationships between walkability and visitor numbers and walkability and number of TripAdvisor ratings for the top 330 visitor attractions in England. No significant relationships were found for London’s attractions although a weak relationship was noted between walkability and TripAdvisor ranking. It is concluded that tourism specific assessments of walkability and transport choice are required if visitors are to be encouraged to engage in active transport at destinations.

Keywords: Accessibility; Active transport; Built environment; Visitor attractions; Walkability; Walk Score; walk score

Tourism is a significant part of leisure and is frequently related to positive associations and emotions such as fulfillment,
relaxation, and fun. However, numerous studies worldwide have indicated that these positive associations are a reflection of tourists’ views and do not reflect the employees’ experiences of high levels of
stress and burnout. The present work focuses on interviews with team members and managers from Eilat’s hotels and supports the current academic knowledge regarding the high levels of stress and burnout among employees.

The premise for this paper is that tourism scholars researching in Israel and Palestine are, in effect, actors in the geopolitical landscape of the Holy Land. Political tourism is a significant factor in how the Israel–Palestine geopolitical conflict is represented. The current paper provides an analysis of how tourism academics address the situation. A research team of Israeli, Palestinian and a third country origins collaborated to produce a narrative synthesis by systematically reviewing 35 academic papers selected through defined criteria. This approach minimized bias and aimed for analytical robustness and validity. Two main conclusions are derived from the analysis. First, papers tend to focus on the social, touristic and religious aspects of tourism not on the core issues of the geopolitical conflict. Second, the works did not contribute to dialogue between parties but reinforced separateness thus reflecting the political conflict.

Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a “fashionable” and “highly controversial scientific topic”. This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.

This paper aims to explore the relationships between place attachment and perceived authenticity of major visitor attractions. The empirical study was conducted with a sample of international tourists to major visitor attractions in two capital cities, Helsinki, Finland and Jerusalem, Israel. The results indicate a positive correlation between place attachment and authenticity. Major visitor attractions located in places with considerable heritage experience value are considered more authentic, and that authenticity of visitor attractions is influenced by place attachment moderated by iconicity and heritage value of the destination region. These findings provide insight to the ways tourists perceive authenticity of visitor attractions and highlight the importance of the heritage value of tourism destinations for strategic planning and marketing purposes.

Hall, C.M., Finsterwalder, J. & Ram, Y. 2015, Shaping, experiencing and escaping the tourist city. LA+: Interdisciplinary Journal of Landscape Architecture, 2(Fall), 84-89.

A short paper that overviews some of the central issues in urban tourism. From a special issue of a landscape architecture journal on "pleasure"

This study is part of an ongoing research project entitled “While Waiting for the Dawn,” which explores the role that gender plays in the lives of women scholars and students in the tourism academy.  This report maps gender equality in the tourism academy through a series of key indicators that reflect leadership in the field. These indicators include editorial positions in journals, positions on conference committees, and keynote speakers, among others. Results clearly show a gender gap within the tourism academy and an imbalance in the influence of women and men in key leadership roles, and suggest that tourism scholarship mirrors the patriarchal structures that characterize the global academy. Gender imbalances are not self‐correcting, and proactive policies and initiatives need to be implemented to tackle the gender gap and to avoid the perpetuation of unequal opportunities. We hope this report will help to raise awareness and contribute to creating a more just academy, where women have equal opportunities to shape the present and the future
of tourism scholarship.

This paper reviews some of the actual and potential effects of climate change on cultural heritage and its management with special reference to heritage tourism. This analysis will help to identify knowledge gaps and issues in relation to different types of heritage, management strategies and policy-making, as well as enabling an understanding of the potential significance of climate change impacts in a regional, national and international setting. The analysis is also relevant to understanding the broader pressures of environmental and global change on the management of heritage tourism sites, and cultural heritage in particular, in the Anthropocene.

Abstract
This paper reviews some of the actual and potential effects of climate change on cultural heritage and its management with special reference to heritage tourism. This analysis will help to identify knowledge gaps and issues in relation to different types of heritage, management strategies and policy-making, as well as enabling an understanding of the potential significance of climate change impacts in a regional, national and international setting. The analysis is also relevant to understanding the broader pressures of environmental and global change on the management of heritage tourism sites, and cultural heritage in particular, in the Anthropocene.

Keywords: Climate change, cultural heritage, conservation, adaptation, heritage tourism, cultural landscape

This is a copy of manuscript submitted to the special edition of Journal of Heritage Tourism on heritage tourism and climate change. For the authoritative version please consult the journal website.

A lexical analysis is conducted of the five Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports undertaken between 1990 and 2014. The analysis indicates that the term heritage is little used in the reports although it has become more widely used over time in different chapters. In contrast, reference to indigenous culture and heritage has greatly increased. The implications are discussed especially for the way in which the IPCC frames culture and heritage. Implications for research communication are briefly discussed.

Keywords: cultural landscape, heritage tourism, climate change, cultural heritage, indigenous heritage, IPCC

This is a copy of the submitted manuscript of the research note. For the authoritative version please consult the journal website.

The paper was presented at the 5th International Conference on Climate, Tourism and Recreation CCTR 2018, Umeå, Sweden, June 2018

Walking is an important outdoor recreational and tourism activity, both in natural surroundings and in urban settings. As an outdoor activity, the ability and opportunities to engage in walking relates to a range of built, e.g. roading, pavement quality, traffic density; social, e.g. perceived safety, social practices of walking; and environmental factors, e.g. weather and climatic conditions, air pollution levels, shading. Due to the growing recognition of the importance of walking behaviour to personal and public health, sustainable mobility and social cohesion, the concept of walkability has gained substantial academic, business, policy and public attention in recent years. Walkability is the extent to which the built environment promotes walking, and addressing issues such as comfort, connectivity, safety and aesthetic values. Research on walkability therefore focus on the capacity to engage in walking rather than just immediate walking activity. Assessments of walkability take a variety of forms and can range from those that focus purely on the characteristics of the built environment to those that are based solely on walker characteristics and perceptions. Furthermore, different types of walking, e.g. for transport versus for leisure, are possible and can influence route choice and willingness to engage in walking. Significantly for the present paper, the role of weather and climatic variables is incorporated into a number of different approaches to assessing walkability, although their significance has not previously been systematically assessed.
The present work therefore explores a relatively overlooked domain of recreation and tourism related walkability - the extent to which weather and climatic conditions are incorporated into assessments of walkability and their influence on walking behaviour. Following a discussion of the various approaches that are used to assess walkability, the results of a systematic review of weather and climate-related variables in walkability articles published up to March 2018 identified via the Scopus bibliometric database is presented. There is little research on walkability from a tourist perspective, although there is substantial interest in walking for leisure. The analysis revealed four major themes: Descriptive, passive, proactive and statistical controlling. The descriptive theme focuses on the general importance of weather and climate to walkability; the passive perspective analyzes the weather and climate conditions as barriers to, or as promoters of, walking; the proactive perspective studies the designs and activities for managing climate and weather, such as provision of shade or snow-clearing. Interestingly, the proactive perspective gains less attention comparing to the passive analysis. Finally, the statistical controlling was employed by a minority of studies that adjusted their results to the impacts of weather conditions.
The work concludes with a discussion regarding the importance of climate-related issues to walkability, drawing special attention to leisure and tourist walking and calling for more proactive consideration, both in research and practice, for better-enhancing walking and walkability in urban and other destinations.

The powerpoint provided here is from a presentation at Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden on 28 October 2016. The presentation provides a brief review of some of the key themes in the literature and a model from a forthcoming chapter on tourism and walkability (Routledge Handbook of Walking Studies). It then looks specifically at tourism and walking and provides the results of an initial study of walkability and tourist attractions. The presentation concludes that there are a number of significant issues that need to be addressed in developing specific indicators for tourism related walkability as opposed to permanent residents.

Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a “fashionable” and “highly controversial scientific topic”. This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.

This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.

Keywords: Climate change; Global warming; Skepticism; Denial; Agnotology

This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.

Walking is an essentially human activity. From a basic means of transport and opportunity for leisure through to being a religious act, walking has served as a significant philosophical, literary and historical subject. Thoreau’s 1851 lecture on Walking or the Romantic walks of the Wordsworths at Grasmere in the early 19th Century, for example, helped create a philosophical foundation for the importance of the act of walking as an act of engagement with nature. Similarly, and sometimes inseparable from secular appreciation, pilgrimage trails provide opportunities for finding self and others in the travails of the walk. More recently, walking has been embraced as a means of encouraging greater health and well-being, community improvement and more sustainable means of travel. Yet despite the significance of the subject of walking there is as yet no integrated treatment of the subject in the social science literature.

This handbook therefore brings together a number of the main themes on the study of walking from different disciplines and literatures into a single volume that can be accessed from across the social sciences. It is divided into five main sections: culture, society and historical context; social practices, perceptions and behaviours; hiking trails and pilgrimage routes; health, well-being and psychology; and method, planning and design. Each of these highlights current approaches and major themes in research on walking in a range of different environments.

This handbook carves out a unique niche in the study of walking. The international and cross-disciplinary nature of the contributions of the book are expected to be of interest to numerous academic fields in the social and health sciences, as well as to urban and regional planners and those in charge of the management of outdoor recreation and tourism globally.
Table of Contents

Contents

List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Preface and Acknowledgements

1 Introduction: Walking – More than pedestrian – C. Michael Hall, Yael Ram & Noam Shoval

Culture, Society and Historical Context

2 Walking in the capitalist city: On the socio-economic origins of walkable urbanism - Anja Hälg Bieri
3 Radical twenty-first century walkers and the Romantic qualities of leisure walking – Phil Smith
4 Long-distance walking in Films: Promises of healing and redemption on the trail – Warwick Frost & Jennifer Laing
5 Walking as Pedagogy - Karein K. Goertz
6 Walking in Germany- between recreation and ideology - Dirk Reiser & Vanessa Jansen-Meinen
7 Walking and art: Perambulating pleasures – Ray Boland & Bryan Wheeler

Social Practices, Perceptions and Behaviours

8 Dog walking as a leisure activity - Yoshitaka Iwasaki
9 Walking in Switzerland: urban and not so leisurely - Derek P. T. H. Christie, Emmanuel Ravalet & Vincent Kaufmann
10 Purposeful leisure mobilities: reframing the walk to school - Debbie Hopkins & Sandra Mandic
11 Spiking: The quest for challenge and meaning among hikers - Ron McCarville & Chantel Pilon
12 On the beaten track: how do narratives from organised hiking differ from "real" hiking narratives? - Outi Rantala & Seija Tuulentie
13 Comparisons between hikers and non-hikers in Iceland: attitudes, behaviours and perceptions - Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, C. Michael Hall & Þorkell Stefánsson
14 Passeggiata Nuova: Social Travel in the Era of the Smartphone - Andrew Mondschein
15 Walking Online: A netnography of China’s emerging hiking communities - Alexandra Witte & Kevin Hannam

Hiking Trails and Pilgrimage Routes

16 Hut-to-hut-hiking trails – a comparative analysis of popular hiking destinations - Sven Gross & Kim Werner
17 Taking you home: The Masar Ibrahim Al-Khalil in Palestine – Rami Isaac
18 The Wales Coast Path: The world's first national coastal footpath – Stephen Miles
19 Improving the experience quality of hiking trails - a setting-experience-relationship approach - Diana Müller, Heinz-Dieter Quack, Kathrin Schumacher, Franziska Thiele
20 Hikers preferences and DMO strategies: contrasting perspectives and conflicting views? - Ingeborg M. Nordbø
21 Re-signifying smuggling: cross-border walking trails as a tourist experience in the Spanish-Portuguese border - Heriberto Cairo & María Lois
22 The solo-hike - A journey of distance and closeness - Hannelene Schilar
23 Walking to care: pilgrimage as slow tourism development - Kumano-kodo pilgrimage, Wakayama, Japan – Kumi Kato
24 Hindu pilgrimage in India and walkability: theory and praxis - Subhajit Das & Manirul Islam

Health, Well-being and Psychology

25 Rambling on: exploring the complexity of walking as a meaningful activity - Kirsty Finnie, Tania Wiseman & Neil Ravenscroft
26 Life-changing walks of mid-life adults - Robert Saunders, Betty Weiler & Jennifer Laing
27 Walking to promote increased physical activity - Ian Patterson, Shane Pegg & Wan Rabiah Wan Omar
28 Taking the first step - From physical inactivity towards a healthier lifestyle through leisure walking - Miia Grénman & Juulia Räikkönen
29 Dog walking in urban greenspaces - Giovanna Bertella

Method, Planning and Design

30 Walkable places for visitors: Assessing and designing for walkability – Yael Ram & C. Michael Hall
31 Walking on the shoulders of giants - Historical mountain trails as management tools? - Daniel Svensson, Sverker Sörlin, Annika Dahlberg, Peter Fredman, & Sandra Wall-Reinius
32 Wayfinding design for rural flânerie in France - Hélène Ducros
33 Community benefits from walking tourism in Western Norway - Merete Kvamme Fabritius
34 When walking is no longer possible: investigating crowding and coping practices in urban tourism using commented walks - Monika Popp
35 Assessing the walkability of urban public space with GIS technology: The hidden dimensions of security and community heritage - Peter Schofield, Adele Doran & Ray Nolan
36 Developing a spatial pattern analysis method for evaluating trails in the mountains: the case of Beban Pass in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina - Marisol Vereda & María Laura Borla
37 Improving the walkability of the Camino - Xosé Somoza-Medina & Rubén Camilo Lois González
38 Walk on: Conclusions and the future – C. Michael Hall & Yael Ram

Hall, C.M., Le-Klähn, D-T., & Ram, Y. 2017, Tourism, Public Transport and Sustainable Mobility, Channel View Press, Bristol.

Please do not request that a copy of the entire book be loaded. If you wish to see the book please order via a library or purchase online. Please note that a 50% discount is available for purchase before the end of June 2017 (the pdf for this offer is available for download here) See http://www.channelviewpublications.com/

The contents of the book are as follows:

Contents

Boxed Insights and Case Studies
Figures
Tables
Plates
Acronyms
Preface
1 Introduction
2 Tourism Demand for Public Transport
3 Local and Intra-Destination Public Transport
4 Long-Distance and Inter-Destination Public Transport
5 Tourism and Public Transport Planning, Operational Management and Marketing
6 Futures and Conclusions
References
Index


Boxed Insights and Case Studies

1.1 The Kusttram: Belgium’s coastal tram
1.2 A shuttle bus service in order to reduce car access to Campo di Dentro Valley, South Tyrol
1.3 Local Public Transport Services in the EU28
1.4 From airport to the city: Compulsory inter–destination and intra-destination travel with public transportation
1.5 The scope of paratransit transport services

2.1 Offering bicycles to tourists and expanding the visitor season in Riccione, Italy
2.2 Electric vehicle service for disabled tourists, Córdoba, Spain
2.3 Public transport, religious imperatives and gender segregation
2.4 Tourist choice of transport mode in Munich
2.5 Park and Ride

3.1 Explore the Cotswolds by public transport
3.2 Public transport ridership in Europe
3.3 World metro statistics
3.4 The TRAM for tourists in Alicante
3.5 Jurassic CoastlinX53 – The Jurassic Coast Bus in Devon and Dorset, UK
3.6 Public transport in Singapore
3.7 Dortrecht Waterbus
3.8 Integrating cycling into the public transport system of South Moravia, Czech Republic
3.9 Combining hiking and trains in the Gorges de la Loire, France
3.10 Walkability and visitor attractions: the case of Montreal, Quebec

4.1 Public attitudes towards and use of long-distance train services in the UK
4.2 The Rail Pass
4.3 Double collective passenger land transport to tackle climate change
4.4 Cycling tourism: EuroVelo
4.5 Walking in the footsteps of Abraham through a tempestuous region: the Abraham Path

5.1 Public transportation for tourists – a comparison of three urban destinations
5.2 Public transport, tourism and the hosting of hallmark events
5.3 English travel information and twitter on buses in The Hague
5.4 Moovit – bridging the information gap in public transport?
5.5 Free public transport services for tourists

6.1 Shenzhen: New Energy Vehicle Promotion (Winner of the Urban Transportation category in the C40 City Climate Leadership Awards)
6.2 Cycle travel and public transport in South Moravia, Czech Republic
6.3 Automated transit vehicles in Singapore
6.4 Danish bike touring: Powered by cycling


 
Figures

1.1 Frameworks for public-private partnerships in transport services
1.2 Regulatory and competitive structures for public transport as a common pool resource
1.3 Relationships between institutions, organisational forms and technologies
1.4 Elements of a return journey using public transport
1.5 Examining the interrelationships between tourism and public transport

2.1 Mode of transport by Austrian tourists for main holidays 1969-2012
2.2 Mode of transport by domestic tourists
2.3 Mode of transport by foreign tourists
2.4 Tourist use of public transport: A decision-making model
2.5 Transport behaviour characteristics of the respondents
2.6 Importance of mode quality attributes in tourists’ choice of transport mode
2.7 Tourists’ transport mode choices and places visited

3.1 Metro networks worldwide in 2014
3.2 The correlation between number of visitors and Walkscore based on the Montreal Tourism Organisation's list of attractions
3.3 The correlation between number of reviews and Walkscore based on TripAdvisor list of top things to do in Montreal

5.1 Marketing public transport services to tourists

6.1 Encouraging public transport use via service design, network integration and behavioural and policy interventions  

Tables

1.1 International tourism arrivals and forecasts 1950-2030
1.2 International tourist arrivals and estimates by region per 100 population 1995-2030
1.3 Global international and domestic tourist arrivals 2005-2030
1.4 Analysis of public transportation services provided by the sixteen busiest airports 
1.5 Typology of paratransit services
1.6 Passenger transport mode shares in select cities

2.1 Countries for which data is available
2.2 Tourists’ mode of arrival (%)
2.3 Reasons for tourist public transport use/non-use
2.4 Respondent profile

3.1 Examples of taxi-booking mobile phone applications
3.2 Montreal Tourism Organization list of attractions (Montreal list)
3.3 TripAdvisor's Montreal Top Attractions (TripAdvisor list)

4.1 Impact of HSR on tourism
4.2 Benefits and disadvantages of a rail pass
4.3 Some train routes in Europe and their relative costs
4.4 EU-27 regions with highest number of maritime passengers, 2008–11
4.5 Demand bands for cycle tourism in Europe

5.1 Comparison of public transport and walking times in tourism destinations
5.2 Public transport initiatives for the Summer Olympic Games 2000-2016
5.3 Transportation information on destination websites
5.4 Local public transport providers’ websites
5.5 New mobility services

6.1 Behavioural and policy interventions to encourage greater public transport use
 
Plates
1.1 Ferry terminal Tallinn, Estonia
1.2 Scandlines ferry entering Helsingborg ferry terminal, Sweden
1.3 Electric-hybrid bus, Oxford Bus Company, UK
1.4 Green tramline, Freiburg, Germany
1.5 Stornoway Ullapool ferry, Scotland
1.6 Melbourne Airport, Victoria, Australia

3.1 Riverside tram system as part of the revitalisation of the Bilbao waterfront, Spain
3.2 Southern Cross Railway Station, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
3.3 Tram, bus and taxi, Stockholm, Sweden
3.4 Luna Bus transport, Flic en Flac, Mauritius
3.5 Waterbus, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
3.6 Bicycles for rent, New York City, USA

4.1 Eastside entrance to London St. Pancras Station

5.1 Railway maps in Spanish and English, São Paulo, Brazil
5.2 Co-location of customer service centre and ticketing machines, Britomart Transportation Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
5.3 Staten Island Ferry, New York, USA

6.1 Waiting for the Oslo train at Lillehammer Station
6.2 Knutpunkten is the integrated transport centre for bus, train and ferry in Helsingborg, Sweden
6.3 Walking and cycling path Amager Beach Park, Copenhagen, Denmark

Walking has been identified as improving health and social capital, providing a positive sense of place, and contributing to reductions in traffic congestion, air pollution, emissions, and resource use. However, despite the growth in research on active travel and walking as recreation in an urban context, relatively little research has been undertaken on walking and walkability of urban tourism. This is a surprising given that walkable places are often considered as attractive for locals and visitors with some studies suggesting that many tourists believe that the best way to experience a city is to walk it. The special issue aims to explore the different aspects of walking in tourism cities, and welcomes abstracts from various disciplines that are related (but not limited) to the following topics:
• Methodologies for measuring walking and walkability in tourism cities
• Planning and design dimensions of leisure and tourism related walking in urban environments
• Patterns and pathways of tourist walking
• Smart cities, tourism and walkability
• Relationships between public transport and walking in the tourism city
• Accessibility and walkability of the tourism city
• Walking, consumer behaviour and leisure and tourism environments
• Urban spaces of leisure and tourism walking
• Gender and walkability in the tourism city
• Tourism and gamification of walking.
• Is it safe to walk here? Aspects of tourism, safety, security and walkability
• Conflicts between locals and visitors on walkable spaces in tourism cities
• Relationships between walkability and destination success
• Walkability and consumer habitat
• Walking and urban nature and heritage

Submission instructions
The deadline for full paper submission is 20 October 2017 for a standard peer review. Potential contributors are encouraged to contact the editors prior to submission for advice on the suitability of any proposed paper.
Full instructions for authors are found at the website of the International Journal of Tourism Cities at:  http://emeraldgrouppublishing.com/products/journals/author_guidelines.htm?id=ijtc
Publication for this special issue is planned to 2018.

Guest Editors:
C. Michael Hall, University of Canterbury, New Zealand ([email protected])
Yael Ram, Ashkelon Academic College ([email protected])