- Kenya
Omar Eno
Atlas University of Somalia, Interdisciplinary Srudies, Faculty Member
Humans need not justify terrorism of any kind, regardless of whether one is Muslim, Christian or Jew, because it is the axis of evil and devastation of mankind. However, the deliberate use of the term terrorism in recent decades was... more
Humans need not justify terrorism of any kind, regardless of whether one is Muslim, Christian or Jew, because it is the axis of evil and devastation of mankind. However, the deliberate use of the term terrorism in recent decades was carefully selected, mainly, against a certain religion (Islam). The idea was then globally politicized by the Western world. Leaving that scholarly view in its own right, we disagree with the opinion raising terrorism as the devil’s just-born child of evil, when in reality Africans had been terrorized for centuries as slaves and human chattel. Hence the basis for the concept of this thesis: conceptualizing the episode of ‘terrorism’ and ‘terrorist’ from the broader perspective of its practice from the Middle Passage or the Atlantic Slave Trade. To portray that argument and broaden the scope of the debate over this critically sensitive subject, we divided the discussion into three sections: an examination of what constitutes terrorism and terrorist; history of terrorism and terrorists from an Africa perspective; and the ideological constraints within the subject of terrorism as practiced by the US and its Western allies.
Research Interests: Business Ethics, Sociology, Criminology, Economic Sociology, Political Sociology, and 189 moreBlack Studies Or African American Studies, African Studies, Development Economics, Anthropology, Comparative Politics, International Relations, Political Economy, Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Ethics, Communication, Multiculturalism, Philosophy Of Religion, Education, Intercultural Communication, Cultural Sociology, Sociology of Education, Development Studies, African Philosophy, Theology, Organizational Change, Globalization, Corporate Social Responsibility, Terrorism, Political Theory, International Terrorism, International Studies, Middle East & North Africa, International Business, International Law, International Development, Human Rights, Transnationalism, Postcolonial Studies, Diasporas, Black/African Diaspora, Leadership, Sociology of Knowledge, International Trade, Race and Racism, Global Civil Society, Virtue Ethics, Community Development, Educational Inequalities (class; race; gender etc), Global Governance, International Security, Immigration, African Diaspora Studies, African History, Corporate Governance, Natural Law, Political Science, Sustainable Development, Africa, Global Citizenship, Strategic Management, African Religion in Africa and the Diaspora, International Human Rights Law, Slavery, West Africa, Political Violence and Terrorism, Politics, African Literature, International Political Economy, History of Slavery, Colonialism, Global Justice, Global Studies, Philosophy Of Law, Securitization, Political communication, Abolition of Slavery, Diaspora, History of Terrorism, History of international terrorism, East Africa, Post-Colonialism, Realism (Political Science), Social Movements (Political Science), International Politics, Globalization And Postcolonial Studies, Economic Development, Racism, Slave Trade, African Diaspora, Social Exclusion, African American History, Global Leadership, Media, Postcolonial Theory, African Politics, African-American Literature, Black History, British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - ), Diaspora Studies, Postcolonial Literature, Islam, Developing The Underdeveloped, History of Imperialism, Environmental Sustainability, British Imperialism, Caribbean Slavery, Decolonialization, Global Terrorism, Inequality (Economics), Social and Political Philosophy, Postcolonial Studies (Literature), Social Inequality (Anthropology), Postcolonial Literature of Africa, Post-Colonial Literature, Migrant and Diasporic Literature, Counter terrorism, Intersectionality and Social Inequality, Black Atlantic, Diaspora and transnationalism, Empire, War on Terror, Economic Law, Social Inequalities, Conflict Resolution, Islam, Violence, Terrorism, Peace, Intercultural dialogue, Exploitation, Africana Studies, Administrative Law, Citizenship, Organizational Development, Ethics and economics, Identity, Social Inequality, Decolonial Thought, International Management, African Union, Colonial Discourse, Sociologia, Atlantic Slave Trade, Imperialism, Blackness, National Security, Existentialism, The Hegelian Recognition / The Dialectic of Master and Slave Relationship, Slavery in the Americas, Decolonization, Political Sciences, Rules of War, DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT, Inequality, Transatlantic Studies, Atlantic Studies, Slavery, Poverty and Inequality, Critical Terrorism Studies, how Europe underdeveloped affrica, Transmigration, Xenophobia, Exploitation Theory, Social Conflict, Politcal Economy, African American Cultures, African American and American Indian Relations, International Strategy, Middle Passage, Atlantic World Slavery, African Diaspora, Slavery and Medicine, Black Women's History, Violence Studies, Caribbean History, Political Economy of Underdevelopment, Latin America and the Caribbean, Colonial Studies, Oppression, Anti-Colonialism, POLITICAL ECONOMY OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA, Theories of Development and Underdevelopment, Transatlantic Slave Trade and Neo-Colonialism, Exploration and Exploitation of Knowledge, Soft Law, Political Science and public administration, Democracy and Citizenship Education, Political Economy and History, Post Colonial Theory, Social Stratification and Inequality, Postcolonial Thought, Citizenship identities, Archaeology of Colonialism, Global Economic Governance, Religion and Terrorism, Modernity/coloniality/decoloniality, Transatlantic Slave Trade, Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Social Exclusion and Social Inequalities, Islamic Terrorism, Domestic and International State Policies That Counter Islamic Terrorism, Colonialism and Imperialism, Nationalism and Decolonization, Postcolonialism, and Underdevelopment
Mohamed A. Eno, Omar A. Eno, Jamal M. Hagi, and Azzeddine Bencherab pose a thought-provoking question in their contribution, Whose Values Are Promoted in the African Union’s ‘Shared Values’ Project?, revealing a thought-provoking... more
Mohamed A. Eno, Omar A. Eno, Jamal M. Hagi, and Azzeddine Bencherab pose a thought-provoking question in their contribution, Whose Values Are Promoted in the African Union’s ‘Shared Values’ Project?, revealing a thought-provoking discussion and also highly-insightful answers to this timely question.
Research Interests: Cultural History, Political Sociology, African Studies, Development Economics, Comparative Politics, and 127 moreInternational Relations, Political Economy, Political Philosophy, Multiculturalism, Indigenous Studies, Self and Identity, Development Studies, Women's Studies, International Relations Theory, Globalization, Terrorism, Political Theory, Violence, International Terrorism, Women's History, Social Identity, North Africa Studies, Political Psychology, International Law, International Development, Human Rights, Social sciences and values, Human Values, Religion and Politics, International organizations, Values, Political Anthropology, International Security, Conflict, African Diaspora Studies, Accountability, African History, Security, Security, Political Science, Africa, South African Politics and Society, Governance, Identity (Culture), Race and Ethnicity, West Africa, Political Violence and Terrorism, Politics, Identity politics, Nationalism, African Literature, International Political Economy, United Nations, Political communication, Rural Development, History of Terrorism, East Africa, Cultural Identity, Diplomacy, European Politics, International Politics, European Union, National Identity, Economic Development, History of Political Thought, South Africa (History), West Africa politics, African Politics, Democracy, Critical international political economy, Social and Political Philosophy, Political Economy of International Trade, Ethnicity, Leadership (Political Science), Development, Counter terrorism, Islam (West Africa), Use of Force & Counter-terrorism, Minority Rights, War on Terror, Conflict Resolution, Islam, Violence, Terrorism, Peace, Political Islam, West Africa Studies, Africana Studies, Identity, Peace, Peacebuilding, African Union, Filosofía Política, Política, Ciencia Politica, African Union Law, Life Writing, Identidad, Corruption, African-American Political Thought, Terrorism Studies, Freedom, West African History, Critical Terrorism Studies, The African Union Peace and Security Architecture, South African social and cultural history, Capacity of the African Union to affect its mandate to resolve conflict in North Africa, Liberation movements, Terrorism, African development, Media and Communication and Human Rights, Resource Management, Postcolonial Politics, Conflict of Values, Cultural Values, Politics and International relations, African Legal Affairs - African Union, Political Biography, Religious extremism and terrorism with particular reference to Africa, Political Economy and History, The New Deal, Black Feminisms, Terrorist, Relations Internationales, The Role of African Leaders in Combating Terrorism After the Bombing of United States Embassy in Kenya and Tanzania, Sub-Saharan African Terrorism, Nigerian Politics,sub-Saharan Security, Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Patrimonialism Identity Conflict African Studies Human Security, Black Feminists, Black Leadership During the New Deal, Women's Political Rhetoric, Africanisms (Herskovits), Islamic Terrorism, Domestic and International State Policies That Counter Islamic Terrorism, History of Zimbabwe and South Africa, Memory and Commemorations, African Identities, and African Salafi insurgencies / terrorism – Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency Theory – Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism – Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance Platforms and Employment – Information Operations
In their contribution, Omar A. Eno & Mohamed A. Eno discuss how ethnic diversity played a significant role in determining the nature of slaves exported overseas in some African countries, arguing that these slaves carried with them their... more
In their contribution, Omar A. Eno & Mohamed A. Eno discuss how ethnic diversity played a significant role in determining the nature of slaves exported overseas in some African countries, arguing that these slaves carried with them their cultural identities. They note that the “Yoruba exported as slaves to the Americas, to such destinations as Cuba, Brazil, the Caribbean and other parts of the world, carried with them and maintained in the Diaspora at least a considerable portion, if not most, of their African culture and tradition”. This seems to imply that different slaves carried with them different cultural identities, raising in turn the question of the role of these different identities, if any, on the worldview of the slaves.
Research Interests: Cultural Studies, Ethnic Studies, Black Studies Or African American Studies, African Studies, Self and Identity, and 78 moreLatin American and Caribbean History, Racial and Ethnic Politics, Social Identity, Diasporas, Black/African Diaspora, Race and Racism, African Diaspora Studies, African History, Political Science, Africa, Identity (Culture), Sociology of Identity, Slavery, Race and Ethnicity, Politics, Identity politics, History of Slavery, Culture, Abolition of Slavery, Caribbean Studies, Diaspora, Minority Studies, Cultural Identity, Racial Identity, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Identity Politics (Political Science), National Identity, Anti-slavery, Racism, Ethnic Identity, Ethnic minorities, Muslim Minorities, Slave Trade, African Diaspora, Language and Identity, Narrative and Identity, African American Studies, Diaspora Studies, Citizenship and Identity, Personal Identity, Caribbean Slavery, Racialization, Sociology of Slavery, Identity and Identification, Ethnicity, Migrant and Diasporic Literature, Ethnic Identities, Racial and ethnic discrimination, Diaspora and transnationalism, Minority Rights, Slavery, Race, Intellectual, Ifa-Orisa/Orisha Tradition in Africa and the Diaspora, Racial Profiling, Africana Studies, Anti-Racism, Identity, Political Identity, Atlantic Slave Trade, Minorities, Racial discrimination, Racismo y discriminación, Identidad, Transatlantic Studies, Atlantic Studies, Slavery, Yoruba Studies, Migration and Diaspora, Modern Day Slavery, Identidades, Ethnicity and National Identity, Citizenship identities, Slavery and Identity, Transatlantic Slave Trade, Ethnicity and Developmnet, East African Slave Trade, Ethnicity and Marginalisation and Exclusion, Slave Trade In the Indian Ocean, Ethnicity and Identity Politics, Migration and Diaspora Studies, and Racial and Ethnic Relations
Certain proponents of slavery in the Islamic world assert that slaves exported from East Africa to the Arabian Peninsula or areas under Arabian domain within Africa were in fact acquired not for agricultural economic purposes but rather... more
Certain proponents of slavery in the Islamic world assert that slaves exported from East Africa to the Arabian Peninsula or areas under Arabian domain within Africa were in fact acquired not for agricultural economic purposes but rather for domestic labor. According to some scholars, this facilitated the integration of former slaves more thoroughly into Islamic communities than into the Atlantic slaveholding communities. However, while the theory of integration may hold true, at least in part, historical evidence suggests this may not be true in the case of the Bantu/Jareer1 population in the Horn of Africa, the main focus of this paper. Therefore, using the Bantu/Jareer
population of southern Somalia as a case study, this paper explores the contradictions prevalent in integration theory, the impact of slavery as a social institution, and the economic functions the slaves performed in Islamic countries.
population of southern Somalia as a case study, this paper explores the contradictions prevalent in integration theory, the impact of slavery as a social institution, and the economic functions the slaves performed in Islamic countries.
Research Interests: History, Sociology, Ethnic Studies, Black Studies Or African American Studies, African Studies, and 166 moreIslamic Economics, Self and Identity, African Philosophy, Social Sciences, Racial and Ethnic Politics, Equality Studies, Middle East Studies, Middle East & North Africa, Social Identity, Critical Race Studies, Middle East History, Diasporas, Black/African Diaspora, Race and Racism, African Diaspora Studies, African History, Stigma, Africa, Islamic Contemporary Studies, Critical Race Theory, Identity (Culture), Sociology of Identity, African Religion in Africa and the Diaspora, Slavery, Race and Ethnicity, Islamic Philosophy, Identity politics, Stigmatization, African Literature, History of Slavery, Islamic Education, Discrimination, History of Sub-Saharan East Africa, Abolition of Slavery, Diaspora, Turkish and Middle East Studies, East Africa, East Africa (History), Equality and Diversity, Cultural Identity, Racial Identity, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Middle Eastern Politics, National Identity, Islamic Studies, Women and Gender Issues in Islam, Anti-slavery, Racism, Equality, Modern Middle East History, Exclusion, Ethnic Identity, Ethnic minorities, Middle Eastern Studies, Slave Trade, African Diaspora, Social Exclusion, Geographies of domination and oppression, African Politics, Marginalized Identities, Everyday Racism, Racial Inequalities and Policy, Diaspora Studies, Islamic History, Islam, Islamic Political Thought, Ethnic Conflict, Race And Ethnicity (in ) migration of indigenous people, Middle East Politics, Caribbean Slavery, Race and ethnicity (Anthropology), Racialization, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sociology of Slavery, Eritrea, Ethnicity, Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Identities, Racial and ethnic discrimination, Diaspora and transnationalism, History of Race and Ethnicity, Somali Diaspora, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, Theatre of the Oppressed, Somaliland, Anthropology of the Horn of Africa, Horn of Africa, Political Islam, Ethnicity & Ethnic Conflicts, Racial Profiling, Africana Studies, Dalit and other marginalized communities, Identity, Islamic Law and Slavery, Comparative Ethnic Studies, Atlantic Slave Trade, Racismo, Racial discrimination, Racismo y discriminación, East African literature, East African prehistory, Eastern Africa, Slavery in the Americas, Marginalized Populations, Ethnic/Racial Socialization, Horn of Africa Studies, Ancient Slavery, Somali studies, Somali history, Marginalised Groups, Social Exclusion and Inclusion, Equality and Non Discrimination, Social Equality, Exclusión Social, Middle Passage, Atlantic World Slavery, African Diaspora, Slavery and Medicine, Black Women's History, Violence Studies, Caribbean History, Islamic and Middle Eastern studies, Ethnic Conflicts, Slave Narratives, Oppression, Middle East and North Africa, Marginalisation, Ethnic, Modern Day Slavery, Privilege and Oppression, Research From Somalia, Marginalization, Anti-Oppression Education, Runaway Slaves, History of the Americas/ slavery/ African and American History, Afrcan Diaspora Studies, Middle Eastern and North African Studies, Ethnicity and National Identity, Race/Ethnicity, Stigmatisation, Poverty and Social Exclusion, Ethnic politics, Diáspora Africana, Social Reconstructionism/Pedagogy of the oppressed, Pedagogy of the oppressed, 20th century East African History, Slaves, Racial Studies, Critical Race Theory (CRT & LatCrit) Educational Access & Equity Campus Racial and Gender Climate Critical Media Literacy Racial and Gender Microaggressions, islam in the Horn of Africa, Comparative Slavery in the Early Modern Atlantic World, East African history, Ethnicity and Developmnet, A Comparative Study of Social Exclusion of Muslims and Dalits, Social Exclusion and Social Inequalities, Ethnicity and Identity Politics, Sociology of Ethnicity and Race, Migration and Diaspora Studies, Anti oppression, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Racial and Ethnic Relations, Djibouti, Shared People In the Horn of Africa, Ethnicity and Nationality, Slavery In Islam, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Discrimination and Social Exclusion, Slavey Literature, Anthropology and Social Exclusion, and African Slavery
Ever since the arrival of colonialism gained momentum in the country, Somali literature has been approached narrowly from the tutelage of the pastoral culture. Colonial as well as early Somali writers have taken the comfort of disdaining... more
Ever since the arrival of colonialism gained momentum in the country, Somali literature has been approached narrowly from the tutelage of the pastoral culture. Colonial as well as early Somali writers have taken the comfort of disdaining the study of anthological themes related to the non-nomadic cultures and literatures. That restricted notion of one culture, as purported by colonial writers and later politically enshrined by the state and a section of Somali scholars, has obscured the wealth of the various non-nomadic cultures in this Horn of Africa nation. Therefore, contrary to the notion of a homogenous Somali nation of the same nomadic culture, this essay aims to produce a non-nomadic version of Somali literature as practised by a section among the agrarian communities in Somalia; those known as Bantu or Jareer. Because the Bantu is an ethnically oppressed community, all what is related to their culture and literature in particular has been deemed valueless and, as a consequence, an institution unworthy studying. In particular, the essay argues that despite the degradation by the Somali state and neglect by Somalia scholarship often obsessed with the apocryphal ideology of a self-same Somalia, the agrarian wordsmith is bestowed with rich cultural and literary wisdom which makes him view his environment with sharp consciousness.