Henry Waxman
Henry Waxman (b. September 12, 1939, in Los Angeles, CA) is a former Democratic member of the U.S. House. He represented California's 33rd Congressional District from 1975 to 2015. Waxman did not seek re-election in 2014. He cited frustrations with the lack of productivity in Congress. He said, "It’s been frustrating because of the extremism of Tea Party Republicans. Nothing seems to be happening."[1]
Waxman began his political career in the California State Assembly, where he served from 1969 to 1974.
Biography
Waxman was born in Los Angeles, California. He earned his B.A. and J.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1961 and 1964, respectively.
Career
Below is an abbreviated outline of Waxman's academic, professional, and political career:[2]
- 1969-1974: California State Assembly
- 1975-2015: U.S House of Representatives, California's 30th Congressional District
Committee assignments
U.S. House
2013-2014
Waxman served on the following committees:[3]
- Energy and Commerce Committee, Ranking Member
2011-2012
Waxman served on the following committees:[4]
- Energy and Commerce Committee, Ranking Member
Key votes
113th Congress
The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[5] For more information pertaining to Waxman's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.[6]
National security
NDAA
Waxman voted against HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.[7]
DHS Appropriations
Waxman voted against HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 that was largely along party lines.[8]
CISPA (2013)
Waxman voted against HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities. The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party.[9]
Economy
Farm bill
On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, known as the Farm Bill.[10] The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill provides for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop.[11][12] However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.[12] Waxman voted with 102 other Democratic representatives against the bill.
2014 Budget
On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.[13][14] The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582 page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill.[14] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.[15] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and the protection of the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Waxman joined with the majority of the Democratic party and voted in favor of the bill.[13][14]
Government shutdown
- See also: United States budget debate, 2013
On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.[16] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.[17] Waxman voted against the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.[18]
The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.[19] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Waxman voted for HR 2775.[20]
Federal Pay Adjustment Act
Waxman voted against HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees. The bill passed the House on February 15, 2013, with a vote of 261 - 154. The bill called for stopping a 0.5 percent pay increase for all federal workers from taking effect. The raises were projected to cost $11 billion over 10 years.[21]
Immigration
Morton Memos Prohibition
Waxman voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status.[22] The vote largely followed party lines.[23]
Healthcare
Healthcare Reform Rules
Waxman voted against House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires that all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines.[24]
Social issues
Abortion
Waxman voted against HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196 that largely followed party lines. The purpose of the bill was to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization.[25]
Previous congressional sessions
Fiscal Cliff
Waxman voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was one of 172 Democrats who voted in favor of the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257 - 167 vote on January 1, 2013.[26]
Issues
American response in Syria
- See also: United States involvement in Syria
On August 29, 2013, 53 House Democrats signed a letter written by California Rep. Barbara Lee that called for a congressional resolution on strikes and cautioned that the situation in Syria "should not draw us into an unwise war—especially without adhering to our constitutional requirements."[27][28] The letter also called on the Obama administration to work with the U.N. Security Council “to build international consensus” condemning the alleged use of chemical weapons. Waxman was one of the 53 Democrats in the House to sign the letter.[27][28]
Elections
2014
Waxman did not seek re-election in 2014. He cited frustrations with the lack of productivity in Congress. He said, "It’s been frustrating because of the extremism of Tea Party Republicans. Nothing seems to be happening."[1]
2012
Waxman won re-election in the 2012 election for the U.S. House, representing California's 33rd District as a Democrat.[29] He was displaced from the 30th District by redistricting. He and Bill Bloomfield (Ind) advanced past the blanket primary on June 5, 2012, defeating Zein Obagi (D), Tim Pape (D), Bruce Margolin (D), Christopher David (R), Steve Collett (L) and David William Steinman (G). Waxman went on to defeat Bloomfield in the general election on November 6, 2012.[30][31]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | ![]() |
54% | 171,860 | |
Independent | Bill Bloomfield | 46% | 146,660 | |
Total Votes | 318,520 | |||
Source: California Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" |
Full history
To view the full congressional electoral history for Henry Waxman, click [show] to expand the section. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2010 On November 2, 2010, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Charles Wilkerson (R), Erich Miller (L) and Richard Castaldo (P&F) in the general election.[32] 2008 On November 4, 2008, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.[33]
2006 On November 7, 2006, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Nelson Jones (R) and Adele Cannon (P&F) in the general election.[34] 2004 On November 2, 2004, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Victor Elizalde (R) in the general election.[35]
2002 On November 5, 2002, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Tony Goss (R) in the general election.[36]
2000 On November 7, 2000, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jim Scileppi (R), Bruce Joseph Currivan (Natural Law) and Jack Anderson (L) in the general election.[37] 1998 On November 3, 1998, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mike Gottlieb (R), Mike Binkley (L) and Karen Blasdell-Wilkinson (Natural Law) in the general election.[38] 1996 On November 5, 1996, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Paul Stepanek (R), John Peter Daly (P&F), Mike Binkley (L) and Brian Rees (Natural Law) in the general election.[39] 1994 On November 8, 1994, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Paul Stepanek (R) and Michael Binkley (L) in the general election.[40] 1992 On November 3, 1992, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mark Robbins (R), David Davis (I), Susan Davies (P&F) and Felix Tavi Rogin (L) in the general election.[41] 1990 On November 6, 1990, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Cowles (R) and Maggie Phair (P&F) in the general election.[42] 1988 On November 8, 1988, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Cowles (R), James Green (P&F) and George Abrahams (L) in the general election.[43] 1986 On November 4, 1986, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated George Abrahams (L) and James Green (P&F) in the general election.[44] 1984 On November 6, 1984, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jerry Zerg (R), James Green (P&F) and Tim Custer (L) in the general election.[45] 1982 On November 2, 1982, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jerry Zerg (R) and Jeff Mandel (L) in the general election.[46] 1980 On November 4, 1980, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Roland Cayard (R), Maggie Feigin (P&F), Robert Lehman (L) and Jack Smilowitz (American Independent) in the general election.[47] 1978 On November 7, 1978, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Howard Schaefer (R) and Kevin Casey Peters (P&F) in the general election.[48] 1976 On November 2, 1976, Henry Waxman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Irving Simmons (R) in the general election.[49]
1974 On November 4, 1974, Henry Waxman won election to the United States House. He defeated Elliott Stone Graham (R) and David Davis (American Independent) in the general election.[50] |
Campaign themes
2012
Waxman's campaign website listed the following issues:[51]
- Jobs & The Economy
- Excerpt: "Congressman Waxman believes the top priority for this Congress should be putting America back to work. When President Obama was sworn into office, our country was facing the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression."
- Healthcare
- Excerpt: "In one of the most powerful, industrialized countries in the world, no one should have to choose between taking their child to a doctor and paying the rent. Congressman Henry A. Waxman has spent decades crafting and debating policy that advances equality and opportunity - a legislative journey that has been interrupted and delayed far too many times at the expense of the health and well-being of the American public."
- Medicare & Medicaid
- Excerpt: "Congressman Waxman strongly opposes efforts by the Republican majority in the House to end Medicare as we know it and to cut Medicaid. The GOP budget plan inflicts terrible harm on Americans from all walks of life – while protecting the wealthiest taxpayers in America, both individuals and corporations. "
- Environment
- Excerpt: "Protecting the environment has been a top priority for Congressman Waxman throughout his congressional career. He has fought tirelessly to address global climate change, create new jobs in American clean energy and reduce our nation’s dependency on foreign oil."
- Consumer Protection
- Excerpt: "Congressman Henry A. Waxman has been fighting for years to protect the rights of America's consumers, promoting a thriving commercial environment while protecting the vulnerable and advocating for protections from corrupt and deceptive business practices."
Campaign finance summary
Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.
Personal Gain Index
- See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)
- See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)
The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:
PGI: Change in net worth
Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Waxman's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $667,021 and $1,731,000. That averages to $1,199,010, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Waxman ranked as the 187th most wealthy representative in 2012.[52] Between 2004 and 2012, Waxman's calculated net worth[53] increased by an average of 1 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[54]
Henry Waxman Yearly Net Worth | |
---|---|
Year | Average Net Worth |
2004 | $1,148,594 |
2012 | $1,199,010 |
Growth from 2004 to 2012: | 4% |
Average annual growth: | 1%[55] |
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[56] |
The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.
PGI: Donation Concentration Metric
Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). In the 113th Congress, Waxman is the ranking Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce. Waxman received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Health Professionals industry.
From 1989-2014, 40.64 percent of Waxman's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[57]
Henry Waxman Campaign Contributions | |
---|---|
Total Raised | $9,033,747 |
Total Spent | $8,818,760 |
Ranking member of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce | |
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee | |
Health Professionals | $1,124,016 |
TV/Movies/Music | $857,680 |
Lawyers/Law Firms | $639,085 |
Public Sector Unions | $587,415 |
Hospitals/Nursing Homes | $462,800 |
% total in top industry | 12.44% |
% total in top two industries | 21.94% |
% total in top five industries | 40.64% |
Analysis
Ideology and leadership
Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Waxman was a rank-and-file Democrat as of July 2014. This was the same rating Waxman received in June 2013.[58]
Like-minded colleagues
The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[59]
Waxman most often voted with: |
Waxman least often voted with: |
Lifetime voting record
According to the website GovTrack, Waxman missed 2,158 of 23,867 roll call votes from January 1975 to July 2014. This amounts to 9 percent, which is worse than the median of 2.5 percent among current congressional representatives as of July 2014.[60]
Congressional staff salaries
The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Waxman paid his congressional staff a total of $1,226,333 in 2011. He ranked 5th on the list of the highest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranked 6th overall of the highest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, California ranked 5th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[61]
National Journal vote ratings
- See also: National Journal vote ratings
Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.
2013
Waxman ranked 73rd in the liberal rankings in 2013.[62]
2012
Waxman ranked 26th in the liberal rankings in 2012.[63]
2011
Waxman ranked 39th in the liberal rankings in 2011.[64]
Voting with party
The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.
2014
Waxman voted with the Democratic Party 93.8 percent of the time, which ranked 79th among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.[65]
2013
Waxman voted with the Democratic Party 97.5 percent of the time, which ranked 14th among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[66]
Personal
Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Waxman and his wife, Janet, have two children.
Recent news
This section links to a Google news search for the term Henry + Waxman + California + House
See also
- United States House of Representatives
- United States congressional delegations from California
- California's 33rd Congressional District elections, 2014
- California's 33rd Congressional District elections, 2012
- California's 33rd Congressional District
External links
- Social media:
- Biographies:
- Political profiles:
- Financial (federal level):
- Interest group ratings:
- Issue positions:
- Legislation:
- Public statements:
- Voting record:
- Works by or about:
- Media appearances:
- Media coverage:
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The New York Times, "Henry Waxman, 20-Term Democrat, Leaving House," January 30, 2014
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Henry Arnold Waxman," accessed November 12, 2011
- ↑ CQ.com - Roll Call, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed January 18, 2013
- ↑ Representative Henry A. Waxman, 30th District of California, "Committee Assignments," accessed August 1, 2011 (dead link)
- ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1960 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 2217 - DHS Appropriations Act of 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 624 - CISPA (2013) - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ Politico, "House clears Farm Bill," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled Farm Bill, with clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014
- ↑ Roll Call, "Omnibus Sails Through the Senate," January 16, 2014
- ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
- ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
- ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Congresswoman Barbara Lee, "Rep. Barbara Lee and 53 other Democrats sign letter to Obama urging debate on Syria," accessed September 3, 2019
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Washington Post, "More than 50 House Democrats also want Syria strike resolution," accessed September 2, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Official primary candidate list," accessed March 13, 2014
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Unofficial election results," November 6, 2012 (dead link)
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1988," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1986," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1984," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1982," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1980," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1978," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1976," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1974," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ Campaign website, "Issues," accessed August 10, 2012
- ↑ OpenSecrets, "Henry A. Waxman (D-Calif), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
- ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).
- ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
- ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
- ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Henry Waxman," accessed September 19, 2014
- ↑ GovTrack, "Henry Waxman," accessed July 21, 2014
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Henry Waxman," accessed July 18, 2014
- ↑ GovTrack, "Henry Waxman," accessed July 21, 2014
- ↑ LegiStorm, "Henry Waxman," accessed August 21, 2012
- ↑ National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed July 18, 2014
- ↑ National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," February 21, 2013
- ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
Political offices | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by John H. Rousselot |
U.S. House of Representatives - California 1975-2015 |
Succeeded by Ted Lieu |
Preceded by ' |
California State Assembly 1969-1974 |
Succeeded by ' |