Minnesota State Senate
Minnesota State Senate | |
General Information | |
Party control: | Split |
Session start: | February 12, 2024 |
Session end: | May 20, 2024 |
Term length: | 2-4-4 year system |
Term limits: | None |
Redistricting: | Legislature-dominant |
Salary: | $51,750/year + per diem |
Members | |
Total: | 67 |
Democrats: | 33 |
Republicans: | 33 |
Other: | 0 (independent) |
Vacancies: | 1 |
Leadership | |
President: | Bobby Joe Champion (D) |
Maj. Leader: | Erin Murphy (D) |
Min. Leader: | Mark Johnson (R) |
Elections | |
Last election: | November 8, 2022 |
Next election: | November 3, 2026 |
The Minnesota State Senate is the upper chamber of the Minnesota State Legislature. Alongside the Minnesota House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Minnesota state government and works alongside the governor of Minnesota to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Minnesota State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.
The Minnesota State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Minnesota has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature. |
This page contains the following information on the Minnesota State Senate.
- Which party controls the chamber
- The chamber's current membership
- Partisan control of the chamber over time
- Elections in the chamber and how vacancies are filled
- A district map
- How redistricting works in the state
- Legislation currently under consideration
- Legislative session dates
- Legislative procedures, such as veto overrides and the state budget process
- A list of committees
Party control
Current partisan control
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Minnesota State Senate as of August 2024:
Party | As of August 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 33 | |
Republican Party | 33 | |
Independent | 0 | |
Vacancies | 1 | |
Total | 67 |
Members
Leadership
In the Minnesota Senate, members of the majority caucus elect a leader, who directs the business of the Senate and is considered the leader of the Senate. The minority caucus elects its own leaders. The Senate president is elected on the opening day of each biennial session.[1][2]
Leadership and members
- Senate president: Bobby Joe Champion (D)
- President Pro Tem: Ann Rest (D)
- Majority leader: Erin Murphy (D)
- Minority leader: Mark Johnson (R)
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2023 | |
---|---|
Salary | Per diem |
$51,750/year | For senators: $86/day. For representatives: $66/day. |
Swearing in dates
Minnesota legislators assume office on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January after the election. When the first Monday in January falls on January 1, legislators assume office on the first Wednesday after the first Monday.[3][4]
Membership qualifications
To be eligible to run for the Minnesota State Senate, a candidate must:[5][6]
- Be eligible to vote in Minnesota
- Be 21 years of age or more upon assuming office
- Be a resident of Minnesota for at least one year before the general election
- Be a resident of the legislative district for at least six months before the general election
- Have not filed for another office at the upcoming primary or general election
- Participated in the party's most recent precinct caucuses, or intend to vote for a majority of the party's candidates at the next general election (if major party candidate)
Historical party control
Democrats won a 34-33 majority in the Minnesota State Senate in 2022, gaining control of the chamber for the first time since 2012.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Minnesota Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Minnesota State Senate election results: 1992-2022
Party | 92 | 96 | 00 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democrats | 45 | 42 | 39 | 35 | 44 | 30 | 39 | 33 | 31 | 34 |
Republicans | 22 | 25 | 27 | 31 | 23 | 37 | 28 | 34 | 34 | 33 |
Other | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Trifecta history
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Minnesota was under the following types of trifecta control:
- Democratic trifecta: 2013-2014, 2023
- Republican trifecta: None
- Divided government: 1992-2012, 2015-2022
Minnesota Party Control: 1992-2024
Four years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | I | I | I | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D |
House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Elections
Elections by year
Minnesota state senators serve 2-4-4 terms, where senators serve one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. Minnesota holds elections for its legislature in even years.
2026
- See also: Minnesota State Senate elections, 2026
Elections for the Minnesota State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.
2022
- See also: Minnesota State Senate elections, 2022
Elections for the Minnesota State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 9, 2022. The filing deadline was May 31, 2022.
Heading into the election, Republicans held a 34-33 majority. Democrats gained two net seats in the election.
Minnesota State Senate | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | As of November 8, 2020 | After November 9, 2020 | |
Democratic Party | 33 | 34 | |
Republican Party | 34 | 33 | |
Total | 67 | 67 |
2020
- See also: Minnesota State Senate elections, 2020
Elections for the office of Minnesota State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 11, 2020. The filing deadline was June 2, 2020.
Heading into the election, Republicans held a 35-32 majority. Democrats gained one seat in the election.
Minnesota State Senate | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
Democratic Party | 32 | 33 | |
Republican Party | 35 | 34 | |
Total | 67 | 67 |
2016
- See also: Minnesota State Senate elections, 2016
Elections for the Minnesota State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 9, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was May 31, 2016.
Heading into the election, Democrats held a 38-28 majority with one vacancy. Democrats lost five seats in the election, giving Republicans a 34-33 majority.
Minnesota State Senate | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
Democratic Party | 38 | 33 | |
Republican Party | 28 | 34 | |
Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
Total | 67 | 67 |
Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2012
Elections for the office of Minnesota State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 14, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was June 5, 2012. A total of 67 seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 37-30 majority. Republicans lost nine seats in the election, giving Democrats a 39-28 majority.
The table below details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election in 2012.
2010
Elections for the office of Minnesota State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2010. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 46-21 majority. Democrats lost 16 seats in the election, giving Republicans a 37-30 majority.
In 2010, the candidates for state house raised a total of $5,109,415 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[7]
2006
Elections for the office of Minnesota State Senate consisted of a primary election on September 12, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $5,999,082. The top 10 contributors were:[8]
2002
Elections for the office of Minnesota State Senate consisted of a primary election on September 10, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $5,317,916. The top 10 contributors were:[9]
2000
Elections for the office of Minnesota State Senate consisted of a primary election on September 12, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $5,516,612. The top 10 contributors were:[10]
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Vacancies
Vacancies in the Minnesota State Legislature are filled through election. If there are more than 150 days before the next state general election, and the legislature will not be in session before the results are canvassed, then any vacancy is filled at the next state general election.[11][12]
If the vacancy happens during the legislative session, the governor has five days to issue a writ calling for a special election. The election must take place no more than 35 days after the issuance of the writ. If the legislature is out of session and there are fewer than 150 days before the next state general election, the governor must call for a special election so the winner of the election can take office when the legislature reconvenes.[12][13]
See sources: Minnesota Cons. Art. 4, § 4 and Minnesota Stat. § 204D.19
District map
- See also: Minnesota state legislative districts
The state of Minnesota has 201 legislative districts. Each district elects one representative. The state Senate has 67 districts and the state House has 134 districts.
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Minnesota
In Minnesota, congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Minnesota State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.[14]
The Minnesota Constitution requires "that state Senate districts be contiguous, and that Representative districts be nested within Senate districts." State statutes apply contiguity requirements to all congressional and state legislative districts. Furthermore, state statutes stipulate that political subdivisions should not be divided "more than necessary."[14]
2020
Minnesota enacted new legislative district boundaries on February 15, 2022, when a special judicial redistricting panel issued an order adopting final maps. Minnesota Supreme Court Chief Justice Lorie Gildea established the five-judge special redistricting panel in June 2021 to hear legal challenges regarding redistricting and adopt maps should the legislature not agree on them. The panel consisted of two state court of appeals justices and three state district court judges. Republican governors originally appointed two of the five justices, Democratic governors originally appointed two, and former Gov. Jesse Ventura (Reform) originally appointed one justice.
District map after 2020 redistricting
This map took effect for Minnesota’s 2022 congressional elections.
2010
Minnesota received its local census data on March 16, 2011. The state's population increased 7.8 percent, despite four of the five most populated cities showing slight decreases in population; only Rochester (pop. 106,769, up 24.4 percent) showed growth.[15]
At the time of redistricting, Republicans controlled the Legislature, and Democrats the governorship. Governor Mark Dayton (D) vetoed the legislative plan on May 19, 2011. In June 2011, a panel created by the Minnesota Supreme Court took over the process before the Legislature's February 2012 deadline. On February 21, 2012, the panel released a final map, pairing 16 incumbents in the Senate.
Sessions
Legislation
The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Minnesota State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.
Dates of legislative sessions in Minnesota by year
2024
In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 12, 2024, and adjourn on May 20, 2024.
2023
In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 3, 2023, and adjourn on May 22, 2023.
Click [show] for past years' session dates. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 31, 2022, and adjourn on May 23, 2022. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 5, 2021, and adjourn on May 17, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 11, 2020, and adjourn on May 17, 2020.
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The Minnesota State Legislature suspended some legislative activity, effective March 17, 2020, through April 7, 2020. Under the suspension, floor sessions and committee hearings were called only "when legislative leaders have agreed-upon legislation that needs to be acted upon." The legislature adjourned on May 17, 2020. A special session convened on June 12, 2020. The special session adjourned on June 19, 2020. Another special session convened on July 13, 2020, and adjourned on July 21, 2020. A third special session convened on August 12, 2020, and adjourned the same day.[16][17] 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 8, 2019, through May 20, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature was in session from February 20, 2018, through May 21, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2017, through May 22, 2017. The legislature held a special session from May 23 to May 26.
2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from March 8 through May 23. 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 6 through May 18. Major issues in 2015Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included how to manage a $1 billion surplus, a possible gasoline tax increase, road and bridge maintenance, education funding, and the state health care exchange.[25] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from February 25 to May 19. Major issues in 2014Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included passing a bonding bill, how to use a projected $800 million surplus, heating costs, the minimum wage, and bullying.[26][27] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 8 to May 20. Major issues in 2013Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included a tax bill, establishing a health care exchange, same-sex marriage, education funding, regulation of firearm ownership, and oil fracking.[28] Tax increaseA bill designed to generate $2.1 billion in new revenue passed the Senate 36-30 and the House 69-65 on May 20, 2013. Governor Mark Dayton (D) signed the tax bill into law on May 23, 2013. This legislation sponsored by Senator Rod Skoe (D) and Representative Ann Lenczewski (D) increased cigarette taxes by $1.60 per pack and created a higher income tax rate for upper-income earners. The bill created a tax rate of 9.85 percent for individuals earning $150,000 per year and couples earning $250,000 per year. Increased revenue was intended to fund an expansion of the Mayo Clinic, assist in building a new football stadium for the Minnesota Vikings, and fill a $627 million budget deficit.[29][30] 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in session from January 24 to May 10. 2011In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 4 to May 23. Session highlightsGovernment shutdownMinnesota's 2011 legislative session was marked by a 20-day government shutdown that saw state parks and highway rest stops shuttered, 22,000 state employees laid off, road construction projects stopped, and even an inability for beer vendors to restock their product due to expired state licenses.[31] The shutdown, Minnesota's second in six years, resulted after Democratic Governor Mark Dayton and the Republican-controlled legislature failed to agree on a budget for the 2012-2013 fiscal biennium. Dayton said he wanted to create $1.8 billion in new revenues in the form of new taxes on the state's high earners, while Republicans said the state's $5 billion budget deficit should be made up solely through spending cuts. As a result, with the exception of some critical services, Minnesota's government officially shut down when the previous fiscal year's budget expired on July 1. Ultimately, the conflict ended in compromise. In an agreement signed on July 20, Dayton agreed to give up his request for tax increases, while Republicans agreed to $1.4 billion more in spending than they wanted. A significant portion of the deficit was funded by borrowing or withholding aid payments to school districts. During the shutdown, a minor controversy surrounded 138 legislators who continued to accept pay during the shutdown after 62 of their colleagues and Governor Mark Dayton refused to do so. Ultimately, 65 percent of Democrats and 72 percent of Republicans chose to receive their pay.[32] 2010In 2010, the legislature was in session from February 4 to March 17. |
About legislative sessions in Minnesota
The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[33] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.
Article IV of the Minnesota Constitution establishes when the Minnesota State Legislature, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 12 of Article IV states that the Legislature is not to meet in regular session for more than 120 legislative days in each two-year period between legislative elections. Section 12 also does not allow the Legislature to meet in regular session after the first Monday following the third Saturday in May of any year. Within these limits, Section 12 allows the Legislature to decide its meeting dates by law.[34]
As such, MN Statute 3.011 establishes that on odd-numbered years the legislature must convene on the first Monday in January, unless that lands on January 1, in which case the legislature must convene by the first Wednesday after the first Monday. The legislature is required to set its own date for even-numbered years.
Section 12 of Article IV states that the Governor of Minnesota can call special sessions of the Legislature on extraordinary occasions.[34]
Legislative roles and procedures
Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Minnesota are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.
Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 90 of the 134 members in the Minnesota House of Representatives and 45 of the 67 members in the Minnesota State Senate. Minnesota is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
Authority: Article IV, Section 23 of the Minnesota Constitution.
"Every bill passed in conformity to the rules of each house and the joint rules of the two houses shall be presented to the governor. If he approves a bill, he shall sign it, deposit it in the office of the secretary of state and notify the house in which it originated of that fact. If he vetoes a bill, he shall return it with his objections to the house in which it originated. His objections shall be entered in the journal. If, after reconsideration, two-thirds of that house agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the governor's objections, to the other house, which shall likewise reconsider it. If approved by two-thirds of that house it becomes a law and shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state." |
Role in state budget
- See also: Minnesota state budget and finances
Minnesota on |
The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[35]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies between May and June of the year preceding the start of the new biennium.
- State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor by October 15.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature on the fourth Tuesday in January. This deadline is extended to the third Tuesday in February for a newly elected governor.
- The legislature typically adopts a budget in May. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The biennium begins on July 1 of odd-numbered years.[36]
Minnesota is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[35][37]
The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is legally required to pass a balanced budget.[35]
Committees
Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.
- Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
- Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
- Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Minnesota State Senate has 30 standing committees:
- Aging and Long-Term Care Policy Committee
- Agriculture and Rural Development Finance and Policy Committee
- Civil Law and Data Practices Policy Committee
- E-12 Finance and Policy Committee
- Education Finance and Policy Committee
- Energy and Utilities Finance and Policy Committee
- Environment and Natural Resources Finance Committee
- Environment and Natural Resources Policy and Legacy Finance Committee
- Family Care and Aging Committee
- Finance Committee
- Health and Human Services Finance and Policy Committee
- Human Services Licensing Policy Committee
- Human Services Reform Finance and Policy Committee
- Jobs and Economic Growth Finance and Policy Committee
- Judiciary and Public Safety Finance and Policy Committee
- Labor and Industry Policy Committee
- Local Government Committee
- Local Government Policy Committee
- Mining and Forestry Policy Committee
- Rules and Administration Committee
- Senate Capital Investment Committee
- Senate Commerce and Consumer Protection Finance and Policy Committee
- Senate Higher Education Finance and Policy Committee
- Senate Housing Finance and Policy Committee
- Senate Redistricting Committee
- Senate Taxes Committee
- Senate Transportation Finance and Policy Committee
- State Government Finance and Policy and Elections Committee
- Technology and Reform Policy Committee
- Veterans and Military Affairs Finance and Policy Committee
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Minnesota Constitution can be amended:
The Minnesota Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution— a legislative process and a state constitutional convention. Ratification of amendments proposed by a convention require a 60% supermajority of those voting on the amendment question, while an amendment proposed by the legislature requires a simple majority (50%+1) of those voting in the election.[38]
Legislature
A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for the Minnesota State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 68 votes in the Minnesota House of Representatives and 34 votes in the Minnesota State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Ratifying an amendment requires a 'Yes' vote from a simple majority of all voters casting a ballot in the election, rather than a simple majority of those voting on the question.
Convention
According to Section 3 of Article IX of the Minnesota Constitution, a two-thirds (66.67%) vote in each chamber during one legislative session is required to send a constitutional convention question to voters. A simple majority vote by the electorate is required to call the convention. Any proposed amendments approved by the convention require a 60% vote of the electorate to be ratified.
Historical context:
- See also: List of Minnesota ballot measures
In Minnesota, a total of 10 ballot measures appeared on statewide ballots between 1996 and 2022. Eight ballot measures were approved, and tw ballot measures were defeated.
Minnesota statewide ballot measures, 1996-2022 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number | Annual average | Annual minimum | Annual maximum | Approved | Defeated | ||
# | % | # | % | ||||
2025 measures:
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
2024 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature.
- See also: Minnesota 2024 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
Minnesota Continue to Provide Lottery Revenue to Environment and Natural Resources Fund Amendment | Democrats | Republicans | |||
Senate: | Required: 34 | Yes votes: 36 (53.73%) | No votes: 29 (43.28%) | Yes: 34; No: 0 | Yes: 2; No: 29 |
House: | Required: 68 | Yes votes: 89 (66.41%) | No votes: 41 (30.60%) | Yes: 69; No: 0 | Yes: 20; No: 41 |
See also
Elections | Minnesota State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
---|---|---|---|
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Minnesota Legislature, "Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature," accessed February 15, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota Senate, "Senate Member Information," accessed February 15, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota.gov, "Minnesota Statute 3.05," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota.gov, "Minnesota Statute 3.011," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Candidate Qualifications," accessed February 10, 2023
- ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Register to vote," accessed June 27, 2023
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2010 - Candidates," accessed June 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2006 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2002 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2000 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "Constitution of the State of Minnesota," accessed February 12, 2021 (Article 4, Section 4)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "2020 Minnesota Statutes," accessed February 12, 2021 (Statute 204D.19 (1)-(3))
- ↑ Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "2020 Minnesota Statutes," accessed February 12, 2021 (Statute 204B.13)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 All About Redistricting, "Minnesota," accessed May 4, 2015
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Minnesota's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," March 16, 2011
- ↑ Redwood Falls Gazette, "Minnesota state legislature suspends its business until April 14," March 22, 2020
- ↑ Post Bulletin, "Minnesota Legislature to return Thursday to take up COVID-19 response," March 25, 2020
- ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Gov. Dayton Says He’s ‘Genuinely Undecided’ On All Budget Bills," May 26, 2017
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 StarTribune, "Dayton signs 10 budget bills and tax cuts, but defunds Legislature," May 31, 2017
- ↑ StarTribune, "Judge strikes down Gov. Mark Dayton's veto of Legislature's budget; Dayton plans appeal," July 19, 2017
- ↑ KSTP 5, "Dayton Says He Will Appeal Judge's Ruling his Veto was Unconstitutional," July 19, 2017
- ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Arguments In Supreme Court Case Between Legislature, Dayton Begin Monday," August 27, 2017
- ↑ Twin Cities, "Legislature restores its $130M budget, concluding legal battle with Dayton," February 22, 2018
- ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Gov. Dayton Signs Legislative Budget Into Law," February 26, 2018
- ↑ Daily Globe, "Lawmakers face long list of issues," January 4, 2015
- ↑ Twin Cities Daily Planet, "Previewing the 2014 Minnesota legislative session: Issues and contrasting agendas," February 24, 2014
- ↑ KXLT, "Minnesota Legislature now in session," February 25, 2014
- ↑ minnesota.publicradio.org, "Minnesota Legislature preview: 10 issues to watch," January 4, 2013
- ↑ Minnesota House of Representatives, "Property tax relief, new fourth tier rate highlight conferred tax bill," May 20, 2013
- ↑ Wall Street Journal, "States' Rift on Taxes Widens," May 23, 2013
- ↑ CNNMoney, "Minnesota shutdown: It's over," July 20, 2011
- ↑ Minneapolis Star-Tribune, "138 legislators are collecting paychecks during shutdown," July 10, 2011
- ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed February 15, 2021
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Minnesota Legislature, "Constitution of the State of Minnesota," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
- ↑ Minnesota Management and Budget, "Minnesota's Budget Process," accessed January 24, 2024
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑ The Pink Ballot Statute, 204D.15
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