Rod Blum

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Rod Blum
Image of Rod Blum

Republican Party

Prior offices
U.S. House Iowa District 1
Successor: Abby Finkenauer
Predecessor: Bruce Braley

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000/year

Elections and appointments
Last election

November 6, 2018

Education

Bachelor's

Loras College

Graduate

University of Dubuque

Personal
Religion
Christian
Profession
Business Owner and Real Estate Developer
Contact

Campaign Facebook

Personal website

Personal Twitter

Rod Blum (Republican Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing Iowa's 1st Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2015. He left office on January 3, 2019.

Blum (Republican Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Iowa's 1st Congressional District. He lost in the general election on November 6, 2018.

Blum was first elected in 2014 and won re-election in 2016.[1]

Biography

Email [email protected] to notify us of updates to this biography.

Blum was born and raised in Dubuque, Iowa. His father served in the United States Navy during World War II, while his mother worked as a house cleaner.[2] Blum graduated from Loras College in 1977 with a degree in finance and went on to earn an MBA from the University of Dubuque in 1989.[3] In 1990, he became the CEO of Eagle Print Software, where he worked until becoming the owner of Digital Canal, another software company, in 2000.[4]

Blum has also coached high school basketball, served as a board member for the Hoover Presidential Library, trained as a student pilot, and wrote a political column in the Dubuque Telegraph Herald.[4][5]

Prior to his congressional career, Blum served as the chair for the Dubuque County GOP from 1995-1997.[4]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Blum's academic, professional, and political career:[3]

  • 2015-Present: U.S. Representative from Iowa's 1st Congressional District
  • 1989: Graduated from University of Dubuque with a M.B.A
  • 1977: Graduated from Loras College with a B.A.

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Blum was assigned to the following committees:[6]

2015-2016

Blum served on the following committees:[7]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

House Freedom Caucus

Blum was listed as a member of the House Freedom Caucus according to reports by CNN and Roll Call released in March 2017. The House Freedom Caucus does not have an official membership list. Caucus membership was estimated to be roughly 29 members in March 2017.[92][93]

Elections

2018

See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2018
See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District election (June 5, 2018 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Iowa District 1

Abby Finkenauer defeated incumbent Rod Blum and Troy Hageman in the general election for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/ABBY_FINKENAUER_.jpg
Abby Finkenauer (D)
 
51.0
 
170,342
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Rod_Blum_official_congressional_photo.jpg
Rod Blum (R)
 
45.9
 
153,442
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Troy_Hageman.jpg
Troy Hageman (L)
 
3.1
 
10,285
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
174

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 334,243
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

Abby Finkenauer defeated Thomas Heckroth, Courtney Rowe, and George Ramsey in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 5, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/ABBY_FINKENAUER_.jpg
Abby Finkenauer
 
66.9
 
29,745
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Thomas_Heckroth.jpg
Thomas Heckroth
 
19.1
 
8,516
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/TempFile3.jpg
Courtney Rowe
 
7.6
 
3,381
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/George_Ramsey.PNG
George Ramsey
 
6.4
 
2,837

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 44,479
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1

Incumbent Rod Blum advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 1 on June 5, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Rod_Blum_official_congressional_photo.jpg
Rod Blum
 
100.0
 
14,737

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 14,737
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District election, 2016

Iowa's 1st Congressional District was a battleground district in 2016. Incumbent Rod Blum (R) won re-election to his second term, defeating Monica Vernon (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Vernon defeated Patrick Murphy in the Democratic primary, while Blum faced no primary challenger. The primary elections took place on June 7, 2016.[94][95][1][96]

U.S. House, Iowa District 1 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRod Blum Incumbent 53.7% 206,903
     Democratic Monica Vernon 46.1% 177,403
     N/A Write-in 0.2% 671
Total Votes 384,977
Source: Iowa Secretary of State


U.S. House, Iowa District 1 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMonica Vernon 67.6% 21,032
Patrick Murphy 32.4% 10,090
Total Votes 31,122
Source: Iowa Secretary of State

2014

See also: United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa, 2014The general election took place on November 4, 2014.
U.S. House, Iowa District 1 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Pat Murphy 48.8% 141,145
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRod Blum 51.1% 147,762
     Write-in Other 0.1% 399
Total Votes 289,306
Source: Iowa Secretary of State Official Results
U.S. House, Iowa District 1 Republican Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngRod Blum 55% 16,886
Steve Rathje 37.2% 11,420
Gail Boliver 7.9% 2,413
Total Votes 30,719
Source: Iowa Secretary of State

2012

See also: Iowa's 1st Congressional District elections, 2012
U.S. House, Iowa, District 1 Republican Primary, 2012
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngBen Lange 53.4% 13,217
Rod Blum 46.6% 11,551
Total Votes 24,768

Campaign themes

2018

Campaign website

Blum's campaign website stated the following:

“

Social Security
My 84-year-old mother recently passed away. But before leaving us, she was independent for years thanks to her earned Social Security benefits. Our family saw — like thousands of other Eastern Iowa families — the good the program does for our elderly by empowering them to remain self-sufficient and independent long past their working days.

But here’s the reality: Social Security is going broke thanks to a lack of leadership from career politicians who care only about their next re-election.

For me, ensuring Social Security’s long term stability isn’t just good policy, it’s personal. It’s about my mom, and it’s about the promises we’ve made to millions of Americans just like her.

If we want this program to be around for future generations, we need to get our house in order. And the sooner the better – the longer we wait the more difficult the Social Security problem becomes to solve.

Now, this is the point where career politicians start the political scare tactics. They claims that anyone who wants to have a serious conversation about reforming Social Security is in fact trying to destroy it, using words like “privatize” to frighten voters into supporting their campaign.

But actually, it is career politicians who are jeopardizing Social Security by ignoring reality and putting their political ambition ahead of the American people. Their refusal to tell the truth and make tough decisions has put all of us at risk.

As a lifelong small businessman, I’m used to talking straight. And it’s my belief that Eastern Iowa voters deserve the truth rather than deceptive scare tactics. That’s why I’m not afraid to tell you – the citizens I hope to have the honor of representing in Congress – the truth about the options we have to preserve Social Security.

Both Republicans and Democrats have proposed ideas to save the program. Whether it’s slightly increasing the income cap on the Social Security tax, allowing young Americans to opt in to private retirement savings accounts, means-testing benefits for wealthier Americans, or gradually raising the retirement age for people younger than 55, our politicians must come to the table in good faith and work out a bipartisan compromise that preserves Social Security long-term.

If we come together as a nation, acknowledge reality, and implement reform, we can ensure that Social Security will be around for our children and their children. I’m not pretending it will be easy, but if we want to preserve Social Security we need the courage to do the right thing.

Agriculture
Agriculture is the backbone of northeast Iowa and throughout my two terms in Congress I have fought hard to protect the interests of Iowa farmers and will not stop doing so.

I support expanding markets for Iowa’s agricultural products and I am fighting for common sense free trade agreements that open up new markets for Iowa farmers. I demanded the Administration not jeopardize the industry while they negotiate better deals and I will not stop until our farmers have the security they need.

I have championed efforts to pass a Farm Bill and ensure vital programs, which provide much-needed aid and relief to farmers, are preserved.

But there is more to be done- I have been working closely with the Trump Administration and my colleagues in Congress to address the year-round sale of E-15, to undo the damage from the EPA’s unlawful granting of waivers to “small” refineries, to reverse the effects of tariffs on our agricultural exports, and to nominate a new, ethanol-friendly EPA Director.

Economy
Our economy is back to life thanks to a Congress and President that are committed to letting hard-working Americans keep more of the money they earn and eliminating job-killing regulations throughout every industry.

Passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will bring an average savings of $2,564 to first district residents this year, along with more take-home pay for families, raises and bonuses from businesses throughout the country, the child tax credit doubling from $1,000 to $2,000 per child, the standard deduction doubling from $12,000 to $24,000, and the medical expense deduction allowing those with costly medical expenses to deduct from their taxes.

Our employment numbers, consumer confidence, small business confidence, and American competitiveness are at record highs and meanwhile, our unemployment for minorities is at record lows. In July 2018, it was announced our GDP growth has reached 4.1% — the best pace since 2014.

But there is more that can be done. My priorities going forward are to continue cutting the chains of taxes and regulations holding back small businesses and continue to make America competitive on the global scale.

Cleaning Up Congress
I was elected to Congress on a promise to Drain the Swamp and eliminate backward incentives in Washington, D.C. Here is an overview of my efforts to follow through with this promise.

  • Introduced legislation to cut the pay of Members of Congress each year the budget is not balanced
  • Introduced legislation to ensure taxpayer dollars are not used for first-class flights or luxury car leases for Members of Congress
  • Introduced legislation to prohibit Members of Congress from cashing in on their public service by becoming lobbyists after their time in office
  • Serve as the Chair of the Congressional Term Limits Caucus and have cosponsored legislation to enact term limits on Members of Congress
  • Cosponsored legislation to eliminate taxpayer dollars from paying off harassment settlements for Members of Congress
  • Cosponsored legislation to eliminate the taxpayer-funded pension program Members of Congress enjoy after serving their terms
  • I am Chair of the Whistleblower Caucus and have passed two bills to ensure whistleblowers are protected from retaliation when exposing waste, fraud, and abuse within the federal government[97]
 ”
—Blum for Congress[98]

Campaign advertisements

The following is an example of an ad from Blum's 2018 election campaign.

"Respect" - Blum campaign ad, released August 30, 2018

2016

The following issues were listed on Blum's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“
  • Social Security: My 84-year-old mother passed away earlier this year. But before leaving us, she was independent for years thanks to her earned Social Security benefits. Our family saw — like thousands of other Eastern Iowa families — the good the program does for our elderly by empowering them to remain self-sufficient and independent long past their working days.
  • Civil Liberties: We must always remember that most liberties are taken away from us in the name of “safety”. As our founding father Ben Franklin said, “Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety”.
  • Agriculture: Agencies like the EPA and FDA consistently overstep the boundaries of common sense with regulations like the “Waters of the US” (WOTUS) act and restrictions on farm dust. These agencies are making it increasingly difficult for family farms to effectively operate their small businesses.
  • Economy: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 12 million Americans are unemployed and another 8 million are working part-time but desire full-time employment. All told almost 23 million of our fellow Americans are unemployed or underemployed. The “official” unemployment rate is around 8%. Add in those Americans who are underemployed and those that have given up and the “real” unemployment rate is almost 15%. Average family income has decreased by 8% over the last five years and median family net worth has decreased 25% over the last decade.
  • Debt: The federal government’s deficit in 2011 was $1.3 trillion. In 2012 it was $1.1 trillion. And our deficit this year is projected to be around $1.0 trillion. Over the last five years, Washington DC has spent $6 trillion it didn’t have. $6 trillion that it had to borrow. $6 trillion it had to print. If government spending was the answer, Greece and Italy would be economic powerhouses.

[97]

”
—Rod Blum's campaign website, http://www.rodblum.com/#

2014

Blum's website highlighted the following campaign themes:[99]

  • Social Security
Excerpt: "Both Republicans and Democrats have proposed ideas to save the program. Whether it’s slightly increasing the income cap on the Social Security tax, allowing young Americans to opt in to private retirement savings accounts, means-testing benefits for wealthier Americans, or gradually raising the retirement age for people younger than 55, our politicians must come to the table in good faith and work out a bipartisan compromise that preserves Social Security long-term."
  • Economy
Excerpt: "The recent “recovery” is the worst in U.S. history. If our country had the same proportion of persons of working age employed as we did in 2000, we’d have another 14 MILLION Americans working. The current plan of higher taxes, higher debt, higher spending and greater regulations, combined with the coming burden of ObamaCare and declining economic freedom are the main reasons this recovery is so weak. America is ready for a rebirth of economic freedom – let’s take the government burden off the backs of entrepreneurs and working Americans."
  • Debt
Excerpt: "I support the Penny Plan for balancing the *Budget Committee The Penny Plan cuts 1% per year from the budget for the next six years. At the end of the 6th year the budget will be balanced. Congress can determine where the cuts come from or they can decide to cut the budget 1% across the board. This legislation is currently supported by 71 House members, including Steve King from Iowa and 13 Senators including Marco Rubio and Rand Paul."
  • Education
Excerpt: "I believe the current top-down structure of educating America’s youth is failing and it appears the numbers appear to back this up. You don’t have to look far to see that public schools aren’t what they used to be. Prior to the interventionism of the U.S. Department of Education, American learning institutions produced highly sought after professionals. Today, firms in America look to other countries for employees in areas such as technology and engineering."
  • Civil Liberties
Excerpt: "Government misuse of new technologies has eroded our Bill of Rights, and greatly expanded powers for our security agencies allow the government to invade our lives without due process or judicial oversight. Hence, our rights and liberties have deteriorated daily since 9/11."
  • Agriculture
Excerpt: "I support expanding markets for Iowa’s agricultural products and will fight for common sense free trade agreements that open up new markets for Iowa farmers. I also support measures like Fast Track Trade Authority that help expedite the approval process for free trade agreements."
  • Immigration
Excerpt: "I believe immigration reform needs to start with fully securing the US border. We have been told by the federal government that they would secure the border in 1986 and 2006 and both times they failed to do so."
  • Environment
Excerpt: "Nobody wants dirty air or dirty water, despite what you hear from partisan politicians and environmental extremists. And we don’t need Washington bureaucrats at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) telling us that it just makes sense to turn out the lights when you leave a room, recycle what you can, and pick up trash when you see it in public. Those are the kinds of things I teach my children about: taking personal responsibility for the environment."

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Rod Blum campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2018U.S. House Iowa District 1Lost general$2,814,962 $2,774,878
2016U.S. House, Iowa District 1Won $1,885,747 N/A**
2014U.S. House (Iowa, District 1)Won $1,076,027 N/A**
Grand total$5,776,736 $2,774,878
Sources: OpenSecrets,  Federal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only availabale data.

Analysis

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Blum missed 14 of 527 roll call votes from January 2015 to September 2015. This amounted to 2.7 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[100]

Recent news

This section links to a Google news search for the term "Rod + Blum + Iowa + Congress"

Rod Blum News Feed

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Iowa Secretary of State, "Candidate Listing by Office," accessed March 19, 2016
  2. ↑ Blum for Congress, "About Rod," accessed Febraury 3, 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Rod Blum," accessed January 26, 2015
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Des Moines Register, "Meet the Candidate: Iowa U.S. House 1st District: Rod Blum, Republican," October 8, 2014
  5. ↑ The Hill, "New Members Guide 2015 -- Rep.-elect Rod Blum (R-Iowa-01)," accessed February 6, 2015
  6. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  7. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015
  8. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  9. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  10. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  11. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  12. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  13. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  14. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  15. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  16. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  17. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  18. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  19. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  20. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  21. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  22. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  23. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  24. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  25. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  26. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  27. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  28. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  29. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  30. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  31. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  32. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  33. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  34. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  35. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  36. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  37. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  38. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  39. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  40. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  41. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  42. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  43. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  44. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  45. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  46. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  47. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  48. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  49. ↑ Bloomberg Politics, "Three House Republicans Said to Be Punished Over Trade Vote," June 16, 2015
  50. ↑ New York Magazine, "The Trade Vote Reignited the War Within the House GOP," June 26, 2015
  51. ↑ Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 359," accessed July 17, 2015
  52. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  53. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  54. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  55. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  56. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  57. ↑ Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  58. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  59. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  60. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  61. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  62. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  63. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  64. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  65. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  66. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  67. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  68. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  69. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  70. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  71. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  72. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  73. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  74. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  75. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  76. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  77. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  78. ↑ Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  79. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  80. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  81. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  82. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  83. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  84. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  85. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  86. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
  87. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015
  88. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
  89. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015
  90. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  91. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
  92. ↑ CNN, "What is the House Freedom Caucus and what does it want?" March 23, 2017
  93. ↑ Roll Call, "Republican Members Opposed to GOP Health Care Bill," March 22, 2017
  94. ↑ The Des Moines Register, "Former SNL cast member running for Congress in Iowa," April 7, 2015
  95. ↑ KWWL.com, "Pat Murphy announces Congressional bid," July 23, 2015
  96. ↑ The New York Times "Iowa Caucus Results," June 7, 2016
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  98. ↑ Rod Blum for Congress, "Issues," accessed September 21, 2018
  99. ↑ Rod Blum for Congress, "Issues," accessed February 3, 2015
  100. ↑ GovTrack, "Rep. Rod Blum (R)," accessed October 1, 2015
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Abby Finkenauer (D)



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