State legislative elections, 2024
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In the 50 states, there are 99 state legislative chambers altogether. Across 44 states, 85 of those chambers are holding regular legislative elections in 2024. These elections are for 5,793 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (78%). The general election for state legislative races is on November 5, 2024.
To learn more about the state legislative races that will be on your ballot, click here to use our Sample Ballot Lookup tool.
States are also holding special state legislative elections in 2024 to fill vacant seats. Click here for more.
In the U.S. Territories, seven legislative chambers are holding regularly scheduled elections for 169 seats in 2024. Elections will be held for the American Samoa House of Representatives, the Guam Legislature, the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives, the Northern Mariana Islands Senate and House of Representatives, and the U.S. Virgin Islands Legislature.
On this page you will find:
- Nationwide partisan balance figures
- State government trifecta statuses
- States holding elections
- Special election information
- Impact of term limits
- Competitiveness data
- Political context
Want to learn about other types of elections in 2024? Click one of the links below:
- United States Senate elections, 2024
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2024
- Gubernatorial elections, 2024
- State executive official elections, 2024
- State supreme court elections, 2024
- State ballot measures
- United States mayoral elections, 2024
- United States municipal elections, 2024
- Local ballot measure elections in 2024
Partisan balance
As of July 18th, 2024, Republicans controlled 54.91% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 44.29%. Republicans held a majority in 56 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 41 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions.
Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
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Legislative chamber | ![]() |
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Vacant | ||||
State senates | 845 | 1,113 | 4 | 11 | ||||
State houses | 2,426 | 2,943 | 20 | 24 | ||||
Total: | 3,271
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4,056
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24
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35 |
Noteworthy elections
Trifectas
- See also: State government trifectas
State government trifecta is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature.
As of July 18, 2024, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 17 Democratic trifectas, and 10 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control.
Elections by state
Incumbents defeated
General elections
Primaries
Twenty-six states have held state legislative primaries: seven with Democratic trifectas, 15 with Republican trifectas, and four with a divided government. Across those states, 106 incumbents lost to primary challengers, 3.8% of incumbents who ran for re-election.
In 2024 primaries:
The chart below shows a partisan breakdown of incumbents defeated in primaries from 2010 to 2024.
Click [show] on the header below to see a full list of incumbents defeated in primaries by state. Winners marked with (i) were incumbents from the same chamber.
State legislative leaders defeated in primaries
As of June 30, 2024, 92 state legislative leaders in 25 states have had primaries.[83][84] Fifteen of those leaders (16.3%) faced contested primaries.[85] Of those, 11 were Republicans and four were Democrats. Three legislative leaders were defeated in their primaries, representing 20.0% of those who faced primaries and 3.3% of all legislative leaders seeking re-election.
The 15 state legislators who faced primary challengers included three Idaho legislators as well as two each from Nevada and West Virginia.
Click [show] on the table below for a table detailing the results of contested primaries involving state legislative leaders in 2024.
All three legislative leaders who were defeated in primaries in 2024 were Republican state senators. One served as president, one as president pro tempore, and one as majority leader.
Chuck Winder
- See also: Chuck Winder
First elected in 2008, Winder has served as Idaho's senate president pro tempore since December 2020.[88] Winder lost the Republican primary to Josh Keyser (R) 52.3%–47.7%. Winder ran on his experience, with his campaign website quoting an editorial describing the incumbent as a "force of stability...a true conservative," saying Winder had "stepped up to oppose extremism while many others have remained silent."[89] Keyser ran as a political outsider, saying he would "offer a fresh perspective to help navigate the complex challenges we face in our beautiful state."[90]
Idaho media identified Winder's opposition to the Idaho Freedom Caucus as an element in his defeat. Ahead of the 2024 legislative session, Winder removed two caucus members from committee leadership positions and disciplined a third, saying the members had posted content on social media that was defamatory to fellow legislative Republicans. Following the removal, the Republican Party of Ada County—Idaho's largest county—censured Winder.[91] In an interview with the Idaho Press, Winder said his opposition to the affiliated Idaho Freedom Foundation was a factor in his defeat.[92]
Greg McCortney
- See also: Greg McCortney
First elected in 2016, McCortney has served as Oklahoma's senate majority leader since October 2021 and was selected earlier in 2024 to serve as president pro tempore after the 2024 elections.[93][94] McCortney lost the Republican primary to Jonathan Wingard (R) 51.8%–48.2%. McCortney said he was running "to continue working for the things that make our area truly special things [sic] like our conservative values, strong schools, an improved economy, protecting our natural resources and promoting agriculture and energy."[95] Wingard ran on his military experience and values, saying he would "fight for you as a conservative, value-driven Oklahoman...It is my honor and privilege to ask you to join me as we fight the good fight of faith, freedom and rights."[96]
KFOR political analyst Mike Turpen said the earlier timing of the 2024 legislative primaries as well as McCortney's business as a legislative leader were factors in the election because they left the incumbent with less time to campaign: "Everybody’s telling me this move, moving the election up a week… It cost him and others the ability to go campaign at home...And that was critical time lost on the campaign trail."[97] In an interview with KGOU, political science professor and district resident Christine Pappas said the results were a surprise: "It just kind of seemed like a regular old campaign where you expect the incumbent to win with 65%, 70% of the vote. And it was just quite shocking to see the outcome, which had Wingard narrowly beating McCortney. In fact, McCortney won no counties."[98]
Craig Blair
- See also: Craig Blair
First elected in 2012, Blair has served as West Virginia's senate president since December 2020.[99] Blair lost the Republican primary to Tom Willis (R) 44.4%–32.2%. A third candidate, Michael Folk (R), received 23.4% of the vote. Blair ran on his experience in leadership, with his campaign website saying he "passed major reforms that led to more people working and being paid higher wages than ever before," "led the effort in the state legislature to pass the largest tax cut in history," and "passed the most pro-life legislation in state history which made abortion illegal in West Virginia."[100] Willis ran on his military experience and his involvement in the community, saying he was "the leader we need to build a better West Virginia."[101]
Local media coverage discussed Blair's loss in the context of other incumbent defeats in the state senate. Blair was one of four state senators to lose a primary out of the 14 who filed for re-election in 2024. West Virginia MetroNews correspondent Brad McElhinny said Blair emphasized different policies than his two challengers: "Blair was conservative but emphasized his passion for economic development, for growth in West Virginia...The other two guys, Willis and (Mike) Folk, were much more animated by cultural issues." In an interview with MetroNews, consultant Greg Thomas said the district's demographics worked against Blair: "It’s the fastest growing part or [sic] the state and you have a lot of new voters which diminishes the power of the incumbency."[102]
What's on your ballot?
- See also: Sample Ballot Lookup
State legislative special elections
As of July 2024, 47 state legislative special elections have been scheduled for 2024 in 21 states. Between 2011 and 2021, an average of 74 special elections took place each year.
Impact of term limits
Historical competitiveness data
Ballotpedia began examining the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country in 2010. Three factors are used in this analysis: seats where the incumbent did not run for re-election, incumbents who ran in contested primaries, and seats contested by both major parties.
The following table details competitiveness data collected from regularly scheduled state legislative elections between 2010 and 2023. Even-year elections are shown grouped together first followed by odd-year elections.
Competitiveness in state legislative elections (2010-2023) | |||||||||
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Year | Total seats | Open seats | No major party competition | Incs. running | Incs. in contested primaries | ||||
# | % | # | % | # | % | ||||
Even-year elections | |||||||||
2022 | 6,278 | 1,492 | 23.8% | 2,560 | 40.8% | 4,852 | 1,299 | 26.8% | |
2020 | 5,875 | 876 | 14.9% | 2,044 | 34.8% | 4,999 | 1,006 | 20.1% | |
2018 | 6,065 | 1,194 | 19.7% | 2,045 | 33.7% | 4,874 | 1,082 | 22.2% | |
2016 | 5,916 | 1,032 | 17.4% | 2,508 | 42.4% | 4,887 | 985 | 20.2% | |
2014 | 6,051 | 1,019 | 16.8% | 2,663 | 44.0% | 5,041 | 983 | 19.5% | |
2012 | 6,013 | 1,314 | 21.9% | 2,384 | 39.6% | 4,790 | 1,117 | 23.3% | |
2010 | 6,127 | 1,143 | 18.7% | 2,142 | 35.0% | 4,984 | 995 | 20.0% | |
Odd-year elections | |||||||||
2023 | 578 | 138 | 23.9% | 319 | 55.2% | 443 | 115 | 26.0% | |
2021 | 220 | 13 | 5.9% | 9 | 4.1% | 137 | 24 | 17.5% | |
2019 | 538 | 105 | 19.5% | 301 | 55.9% | 433 | 125 | 28.9% | |
2017 | 220 | 20 | 9.1% | 45 | 20.5% | 200 | 32 | 16.0% | |
2015 | 538 | 79 | 14.7% | 332 | 61.7% | 460 | 107 | 23.3% | |
2013 | 220 | 15 | 6.8% | 61 | 27.7% | 205 | 24 | 11.7% | |
2011 | 578 | 98 | 17.0% | 312 | 54.0% | 485 | 104 | 21.4% |
Political context
In the previous election cycle, Democrats gained control of four chambers: the Michigan House and Senate, Minnesota Senate, and Pennsylvania House. Additionally, in Alaska, a bipartisan governing coalition comprised of Democrats and Republicans won control of the Alaska Senate. Republicans previously controlled all five chambers.
Changes in chamber partisan control, 2010 to 2023
From 2010 to 2023, 41 chambers switched control: 21 switched control once, 15 switched control twice, four switched control four times, and one—the New Hampshire House of Representatives—switched control five times. During that same time, there were 58 chambers that did not switch control.
Before the 2010 elections, Democrats controlled 60 of the country's 99 state legislative chambers, Republicans controlled 37, and neither party controlled the remaining two chambers. After the 2023 elections, Democrats controlled 41 chambers and Republicans controlled 56. Multipartisan majorities controlled the Alaska Senate and House.
Most changes in partisan control came from major elections, but some also came through special elections (Louisiana House in 2010; Washington Senate in 2017) and party-switching (Louisiana House in 2010; Mississippi Senate in 2011). In some cases, the party that gained control did not have a numerical majority but instead controlled the chamber through a bipartisan coalition (i.e., Alaska House in 2016). This table does not account for changes in party control or ties in a chamber that lasted for less than one year and were not the result of a regularly scheduled election. An example of this is the brief period of Democratic control in the Virginia State Senate in 2014.[104]
For this chart, a red box indicates that the chamber changed from Democratic to Republican control, and a blue box indicates that the chamber changed from Republican to Democratic control.[105]
Chamber changes in partisan control: 2010-2023 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party changes in 2010 | Party changes in 2011 | Party changes in 2012 | Party changes in 2014 | Party changes in 2016 | Party changes in 2017 | Party changes in 2018 | Party changes in 2019 | Party changes in 2020 | Party changes in 2021 | Party changes in 2022 | Party changes in 2023 |
Alabama Senate | Louisiana Senate[106][107] | Alaska Senate | Colorado Senate | Alaska House | Washington Senate | Alaska House[108] | Virginia Senate | New Hampshire Senate | Virginia House | Alaska Senate[109] | Virginia House |
Alabama House | Mississippi Senate[110][111] | Arkansas Senate | Maine Senate | Iowa Senate | Colorado Senate | Virginia House | New Hampshire House | Michigan House | |||
Colorado House | Mississippi House | Arkansas House | Minnesota House | Kentucky House | Maine Senate | Michigan Senate | |||||
Indiana House | Virginia Senate[112] | Colorado House | Nevada Senate | Minnesota Senate | Minnesota House | Minnesota Senate | |||||
Iowa House | Maine Senate | Nevada House | Nevada Senate | New Hampshire House | Pennsylvania House[113] | ||||||
Louisiana House[114][115] | Maine House | New Hampshire House | Nevada House | New Hampshire Senate | |||||||
Maine Senate | Minnesota Senate | New Mexico House | New Mexico House | New York Senate | |||||||
Maine House | Minnesota House | West Virginia Senate | |||||||||
Michigan House | New Hampshire House | West Virginia House | |||||||||
Minnesota Senate | Oregon House[116] | ||||||||||
Minnesota House | Washington Senate | ||||||||||
Montana House[117] | |||||||||||
New Hampshire Senate | |||||||||||
New Hampshire House | |||||||||||
New York Senate | |||||||||||
North Carolina Senate | |||||||||||
North Carolina House | |||||||||||
Ohio House | |||||||||||
Oregon House[118] | |||||||||||
Pennsylvania House | |||||||||||
Wisconsin Senate | |||||||||||
Wisconsin House | |||||||||||
Total changes: 22 | Total changes: 4 | Total changes: 11 | Total changes: 9 | Total changes: 7 | Total changes: 1 | Total changes: 7 | Total changes: 2 | Total changes: 2 | Total changes: 1 | Total changes: 5 | Total changes: 1 |
The chart below shows how many chambers each party controlled after the November elections in a given year.
Partisan control of state legislative chambers: 2010-2023 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Election | Democratic chambers | Republican chambers | Other | ||
Before 2010 | 60 | 37 | 2 | ||
2010 | 38 | 59 | 2 | ||
2011 | 35 | 60 | 4 | ||
2012 | 41 | 56 | 2 | ||
2013 | 41 | 56 | 2 | ||
2014 | 30 | 68 | 1 | ||
2015 | 30 | 68 | 1 | ||
2016 | 31 | 68 | 0 | ||
2017 | 32 | 67 | 0 | ||
2018 | 37 | 61 | 1 | ||
2019 | 39 | 59 | 1 | ||
2020 | 37 | 61 | 1 | ||
2021 | 36 | 62 | 1 | ||
2022 | 40 | 57 | 2 | ||
2023 | 41 | 56 | 2 |
Trifectas from 2010 to 2023
- See also: State government trifectas
A state government trifecta occurs when one political party controls the primary levers of power in a state: the governor's office, the state Senate, and the state House. From 2010 to 2018, the Republican Party increased its number of trifectas and the Democratic Party saw a decline in its trifectas. Democrats picked up six trifectas in the 2018 elections, and Republicans lost four trifectas. Following the 2021 elections, the Democratic trifecta in Virginia became a split government after Republicans gained control of the state House and governorship. After the 2023 elections, the divided government in Louisiana became a Republican trifecta when Jeff Landry (R) won election as governor.
This chart shows the number of trifectas each party held heading into elections from 2010 to 2023, and the number of trifectas following the 2023 elections.
Trifectas by year: 2010-2023 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Election | Democratic trifectas | Republican trifectas | States under divided government | ||
Pre-2010 elections | 17 | 10 | 23 | ||
Pre-2012 elections | 11 | 22 | 17 | ||
Pre-2014 elections | 12 | 24 | 14 | ||
Pre-2016 elections | 7 | 23 | 20 | ||
Pre-2018 elections | 8 | 26 | 16 | ||
Pre-2020 elections | 15 | 21 | 14 | ||
Pre-2021 elections | 15 | 23 | 12 | ||
Pre-2022 elections | 14 | 23 | 13 | ||
Post-2022 elections | 17 | 22 | 11 | ||
Pre-2023 elections | 17 | 22 | 11 | ||
Post-2023 elections | 17 | 23 | 10 |
See also
- Signature requirements and deadlines for 2024 state government elections
- Comparing the competitiveness index for state legislative elections
- State legislative special elections, 2024
Other elections
- State executive official elections, 2024
- State supreme court elections, 2024
- United States municipal elections, 2024
- 2024 ballot measures
Footnotes
- ↑ Cleveland.com, "Ohio Republican Party passes resolution condemning 22 GOP lawmakers over bipartisan Ohio House speaker vote," January 6, 2023
- ↑ Chalkbeat, "Tennessee’s universal school voucher plan is dead for now, governor acknowledges," April 22, 2024
- ↑ Tennessee Lookout, "Tennessee’s school voucher debate turns to competitive Republican state House and Senate primaries," May 2, 2024
- ↑ Facebook, "Bill Lee," accessed June 14, 2024
- ↑ Chalkbeat, "Tennessee’s universal school voucher plan is dead for now, governor acknowledges," April 22, 2024
- ↑ Tennessee Lookout, "Tennessee’s school voucher debate turns to competitive Republican state House and Senate primaries," May 2, 2024
- ↑ Facebook, "Bill Lee," accessed May 31, 2024
- ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Texas AG Ken Paxton impeached, suspended from duties; will face Senate trial," May 27, 2023
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Facebook, "Ken Paxton on February 12, 2024," accessed February 16, 2024 Cite error: Invalid
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tag; name "PaxtonEndorse" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Houston Public Media, "GOP-led Texas House votes to remove school voucher provision from education bill," November 17, 2023
- ↑ Texas House of Representatives, "Friday, November, 17, 2023 — 5th Day (cont'd)," November 17, 2023
- ↑ KENS 5, "Greg Abbott will use $19 million he raised in 2023 to target anti-voucher Republicans," January 11, 2024
- ↑ Greg Abbott campaign website, "News," accessed February 16, 2024
- ↑ Greg Abbott campaign website, "News," accessed February 16, 2024
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 The Texas Tribune "Greg Abbott, Ken Paxton declare victory in attack on House GOP defectors," March 6, 2024
- ↑ NBC News, "Trump dives into a Texas political feud with his latest endorsement," January 30, 2024
- ↑ Republican Party of Texas, "Republican Party of Texas Censures Speaker Dade Phelan," February 10, 2024
- ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Texas AG Ken Paxton impeached, suspended from duties; will face Senate trial," May 27, 2023
- ↑ Houston Public Media, "GOP-led Texas House votes to remove school voucher provision from education bill," November 17, 2023
- ↑ Texas House of Representatives, "Friday, November, 17, 2023 — 5th Day (cont'd)," November 17, 2023
- ↑ KENS 5, "Greg Abbott will use $19 million he raised in 2023 to target anti-voucher Republicans," January 11, 2024
- ↑ Greg Abbott campaign website, "News," accessed April 4, 2024
- ↑ Republican Party of Texas, "Republican Party of Texas Censures Speaker Dade Phelan," February 10, 2024
- ↑ NBC News, "Trump dives into a Texas political feud with his latest endorsement," January 30, 2024
- ↑ JUSTIA US Law, "Alaska Statutes, Sec. 24.05.080," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Alaska’s Constitution, "A Citizen’s Guide," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Arizona Revised Statutes, "41-1101, Section B," accessed November 22, 2016
- ↑ Justia, "Arkansas Constitution Article 5 - Legislative Department Section 5 - Time of meeting," accessed October 26, 2021
- ↑ California Constitution, "Article 4, Section 2. (a)(3)," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 5, Section 7," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 4, Section 1," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 4, Section 3," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Colorado LegiSource, "Surprise! The 2019 Legislative Session Convening a Week Earlier," September 20, 2018
- ↑ Connecticut Constitution, "Article Three, Section 10," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Delaware Constitution, "Article II, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Delaware Constitution, "Article II, Section 4," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Florida Constitution, "Article III, Section 15(d)," accessed November 22, 2016
- ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Constitution - Article III, Section IV, Paragraph I," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Legislative Reference Bureau, "Hawaii Constitution, Article III, Section 4," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Idaho Constitution, "Article III, Section 3," accessed December 18, 2019
- ↑ Illinois Constitution, "Article 4, Section 5a," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Indiana Constitution, "Article 4, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ JUSTIA US Law, "Iowa Code, Section 39.8 - Term of office," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Iowa Secretary of State, "Terms of Offices for Elected Officials," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Iowa Constitution, "Article III, Legislative Department, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Kansas Constitution, "Article Two, Section 2", accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Kentucky Constitution, "Section 30," accessed February 10, 2021
- ↑ Maine Constitution, "Article IV. Part First., Section 2," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Maine Constitution, "Article IV. Part Second., Section 5," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Excludes three nonvoting members representing the Penobscot Nation, the Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians.
- ↑ Massachusetts Constitution, "Article LXXXII," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Michigan Constitution, "Article XI, Section 2," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota.gov, "Minnesota Statute 3.05," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota.gov, "Minnesota Statute 3.011," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Missouri Revisor of Statutes, "Article III Section 20. Regular sessions of assembly — quorum — compulsory attendance — public sessions — limitation on power to adjourn.," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Montana State Legislature, "Montana Code Annotated 2021, 5-2-102. Term of office," accessed November 4, 2021
- ↑ Nebraska Constitution, "Article III-10," accessed November 4, 2021
- ↑ Nevada Constitution, "Article 4, Section 4," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ New Hampshire Constitution, "Part II, Article 3," accessed February 10, 2021
- ↑ New Mexico Constitution, "Article IV, Section 4, accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ New York Senate, "New York Constitution, Article XIII, Section 4," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ North Carolina Constitution, "Article II, Section 9," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ North Dakota Constitution, "Article IV, Section 7," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Ohio Constitution, "Article 2, Section 02," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Ohio.gov, "A Guidebook for Ohio Legislators," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Oklahoma State Courts Network, "Oklahoma Statutes Citationized 14 O.S. § 80.35.14," accessed November 2, 2021
- ↑ Oklahoma State Courts Network, "Oklahoma Statutes Citationized 14 O.S. § 141 ," accessed November 2, 2021
- ↑ Oregon Constitution, "Article IV, Section 4," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ Pennsylvania Constitution, "Article II, Section 2," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Rhode Island Constitution, "Article VI, Section 3," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ South Carolina Constitution, "Article III, Section 10," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ South Dakota Constitution, "Article 3, Section 7," accessed November 20, 2012
- ↑ Tennessee Constitution, "Article II, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Texas Government Code, "Title 3., Subtitle A., Sec. 301.001," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ Texas Constitution, "Article 3. Legislative Department, Section 4," accessed November 4, 2021
- ↑ Utah Constitution, "Article VI, Section 3," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ Utah Constitution, "Article VI, Section 4," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ Vermont Constitution, "Chapter II, Section 46," accessed February 4, 2021
- ↑ Washington State Legislature, "RCW 44.04.021 Commencement of terms of office," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ West Virginia Constitution, "Article IV, Section 7," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Wisconsin Statutes, "Chapter 13: Legislative Branch: 13.02 Regular sessions," accessed October 5, 2021
- ↑ Justia, "2020 Wyoming Statutes Title 22 - Elections Chapter 2 - General Provisions Section 22-2-107 - When Elected State and County Officers Assume Offices.," accessed November 4, 2021
- ↑ The term state legislative leader refers to any officeholder holding any of the following positions in a state legislature: president, president pro tem, speaker, speaker pro tem, majority leader or minority leader.
- ↑ This figure includes officeholders whose primaries were canceled because no challenger filed.
- ↑ A top-two primary is only considered to be contested if more than two candidates filed, meaning there was a chance for a candidate to be eliminated in the primary.
- ↑ In a primary where only one candidate can advance, the margin of victory is the percentage difference in vote totals between the winner and the runner-up. In a primary where multiple candidates can advance, the margin of victory is the percentage difference in vote totals between the lowest-placing winner and the highest-placing loser.
- ↑ Margin of victory for the runoff. Phelan and challenger David Covey (R) advanced to a runoff because neither received more than 50% of the vote in the primary. Phelan placed second in the primary with 43.3%.
- ↑ Idaho Statesman, "Idaho’s House speaker retains top spot after challenge, new leader selected in Senate," December 3, 2020
- ↑ Chuck Winder 2024 campaign website, "Idaho Statesman Endorses Senator Winder," accessed June 30, 2024
- ↑ Josh Keyser 2024 campaign website, "Home page," accessed June 30, 2024
- ↑ Idaho Statesman, "GOP primary race in Boise pits Republican leader against challenger backed by IFF wing," May 19, 2024
- ↑ KTVB, "Idaho Senate president pro tem ousted in primary election," May 22, 2024
- ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "Oklahoma Senate President Pro Tem Announces New Leadership," October 27, 2021
- ↑ KFOR, "Man chosen as next Oklahoma Senate President Pro Tem loses primary election," June 20, 2024
- ↑ Greg McCortney 2024 campaign website, "Home page," accessed June 30, 2024
- ↑ Jonathan Wingard 2024 campaign website, "About Me," accessed June 30, 2024
- ↑ KFOR, "Man chosen as next Oklahoma Senate President Pro Tem loses primary election," June 20, 2024
- ↑ KGOU, "Republican primary election upset shakes up State Senate leadership," June 28, 2024
- ↑ The Intelligencer, "W.Va. House Announces Leadership Changes, State Senate Has Slight Changes," December 16, 2020
- ↑ Craig Blair 2024 campaign website, "Home page," accessed June 30, 2024
- ↑ Tom Willis 2024 campaign website, "Home page," accessed June 30, 2024
- ↑ West Virginia MetroNews, "Dust settles on Senate races with changes ahead," May 15, 2024
- ↑ Some of the 179 term-limited state legislators in 2024 may resign before their term ends. These legislators will still be counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2024.
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Virginia Republicans snatched control of the state Senate, ended budget-Medicaid impasse," June 9, 2014
- ↑ 2015 and 2013 are not included because no chambers changed those years.
- ↑ The chamber first changed from Democratic to Republican control in a February 2011 special election. Republicans increased their majority to 24-15 in the 2011 elections.
- ↑ Fox News, "GOP Candidate Wins Lousiana [sic] Senate Special Election, Shifting Majority," February 20, 2011
- ↑ Chamber went from being controlled by a Democratic-led bipartisan coalition to being led by a coalition with power split between the parties.
- ↑ Chamber went from a Republican majority to a bipartisan governing coalition.
- ↑ The chamber changed partisan control prior to the 2011 elections due to Democrats switching to the Republican Party and special election wins by Republicans. Republicans increased their majority in the 2011 elections to 31-21.
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Southern Democrats in dire straits; 2011 looms large," January 11, 2011
- ↑ In the 2011 elections, the chamber changed from a 22-18 Democratic advantage to a 20-20 tie. Republicans effectively controlled the chamber because Lieutenant Gov. Bill Bolling (R) could cast tie-breaking votes.
- ↑ Democrats won a majority of seats, but did not have a majority when the legislative session began due to vacancies created during the interim.
- ↑ This chamber did not hold elections in 2010. It switched partisan control in December 2010 when Democrat Noble Ellington changed his party affiliation to Republican. In the regularly-scheduled 2011 elections, Republicans increased their majority to 58-45.
- ↑ Nola.com, "Louisiana Republicans take first House majority since Reconstruction with latest party switch," December 17, 2010
- ↑ In this election, the Oregon House changed from a 30-30 tie to a 34-26 Democratic advantage.
- ↑ This chamber went from a 50-50 tie to a 68-32 Republican advantage in the 2010 elections.
- ↑ This chamber went from a 36-24 Democratic advantage to a 30-30 tie in the 2010 elections.
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