Thad Cochran

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Thad Cochran
Image of Thad Cochran

Republican Party

Prior offices
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senate Mississippi
Successor: Cindy Hyde-Smith

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $1,971,530

Education

Bachelor's

University of Mississippi

Graduate

Trinity College, Dublin

Law

University of Mississippi Law Center

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Navy

Years of service

1959 - 1961

Personal
Religion
Christian: Baptist
Profession
Attorney

William Thad Cochran was a Republican member of the U.S. Senate from the state of Mississippi. He died on May 30, 2019.[1]

Cochran was first elected to the Senate in 1978 and served until he resigned due to health concerns on April 1, 2018. At the time of his resignation, he was the 10th longest-serving senator in U.S. history.[2] Mississippi Gov. Phil Bryant (R) appointed Cindy Hyde-Smith as interim senator to serve in Cochran's seat through the end of 2018. In November 2018, Hyde-Smith won a special election to serve out the remainder of Cochran’s term through 2020.[2][3]

Prior to his election to the U.S. Senate, Cochran served in the U.S. House of Representatives.[4]

Biography

Cochran was born in 1937 in Pontotoc, Mississippi, where he also attended high school. He earned his B.A. from the University of Mississippi in 1959 and his J.D. from the University of Mississippi Law School in 1965. Cochran also studied international law and jurisprudence at Trinity College, Dublin. Prior to his political career, Cochran was a practicing attorney in Jackson, Mississippi.[4]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Cochran's academic, professional, and political career:[5]

  • 1979-2018: U.S. Senator from Mississippi
  • 1973-1978: U.S. House of Representatives, Mississippi's 4th Congressional District
  • 1965-1973: Attorney in Jackson, Mississippi
  • 1965: Admitted to the Mississippi Bar
  • 1963-1964: Studied international law and jurisprudence at Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland
  • 1965: Graduated from the University of Mississippi Law School
  • 1959-1961: U.S. Navy
  • 1959: Graduated from the University of Mississippi, Oxford

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Cochran was assigned to the following committees:[6]

2015-2016

Cochran served on the following Senate committees:[7]

  • Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee
    • Subcommittee on Commodities, Risk Management and Trade
    • Subcommittee on Conservation, Forestry and Natural Resources
    • Subcommittee on Rural Development and Energy
  • Appropriations Committee Chairman
    • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Department of Defense Chairman
    • Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security
    • Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
    • Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
    • Subcommittee on Legislative Branch
    • Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
    • Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
  • Rules and Administration Committee

2013-2014

Cochran served on the following Senate committees:[8]

  • Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee Ranking Member
    • Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, Poultry, Marketing and Agriculture Security
    • Subcommittee on Nutrition, Specialty Crops, Food and Agricultural Research
    • Subcommittee on Jobs, Rural Economic Growth and Energy Innovation
    • Subcommittee on Commodities, Markets, Trade and Risk Management
  • Appropriations Committee
    • Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Department of Homeland
    • Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
    • Subcommittee on Department of Defense Vice Chair
    • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
  • Rules and Administration Committee

2011-2012

Cochran served on the following Senate committees:[9]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

National Security

Letter to Iran

On March 9, 2015, Senator Tom Cotton wrote a letter to Iran's leadership, warning them that signing a nuclear deal with the Obama administration without congressional approval was merely an "executive agreement". The letter also stated that "The next president could revoke such an executive agreement with the stroke of a pen and future Congresses could modify the terms of the agreement at any time." The letter was signed by 47 Republican members of the Senate. Cochran was one of the seven Republican members of the Senate who did not sign the letter.[104]

The letter caused intense backlash from both the Obama administration and members of Congress.[105] Vice President Joe Biden said of the letter, "In thirty-six years in the United States Senate, I cannot recall another instance in which senators wrote directly to advise another country — much less a longtime foreign adversary — that the president does not have the constitutional authority to reach a meaningful understanding with them."[106] On Twitter, the hashtag "47Traitors" became the top trending topic in the world, and a debate raged as to whether the 47 who signed the letter were traitors or patriots.[107]

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Cochran endorsed Jeb Bush for the Republican primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[108]

See also: Endorsements for Jeb Bush

2012

See also: Endorsements by state officials of presidential candidates in the 2012 election

Thad Cochran endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election.[109]

Elections

2014

See also: United States Senate elections in Mississippi, 2014

Cochran ran for re-election to the Senate in 2014.[110] The Republican primary on June 3, 2014, resulted in a runoff election against Chris McDaniel on June 24, 2014. Cochran defeated McDaniel and won the Republican nomination. He defeated Travis Childers (D) and Shawn O'Hara (Reform) in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. Senate, Mississippi General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngThad Cochran Incumbent 59.9% 378,481
     Democratic Travis Childers 37.9% 239,439
     Reform Shawn O'Hara 2.2% 13,938
Total Votes 631,858
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State Official Results
U.S. Senate, Mississippi Republican Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngChris McDaniel 49.5% 157,733
Green check mark transparent.pngThad Cochran Incumbent 49% 156,315
Thomas Carey 1.5% 4,854
Total Votes 318,902
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State - Official Republican primary results
U.S. Senate, Mississippi Runoff Republican Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngThad Cochran Incumbent 51% 194,932
Chris McDaniel 49% 187,265
Total Votes 382,197
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State - Official Republican runoff primary results

Primary vulnerability

Cochran was named by National Journal as one of the top five incumbent senators at risk of losing his or her primary election in 2014. Four of the five most vulnerable senators were Republican.[111]

Opposition from the SCF

In November 2013, the Senate Conservatives Fund announced a $263,000 advertisement buy on behalf of Chris McDaniel, who challenged Cochran in the 2014 Republican primary.[112]

Opposition from the Club for Growth

Following Cochran's announcement that he would seek re-election in 2014, the Club for Growth released a statement blasting his candidacy and said they would continue to support Chris McDaniel's run against him. According to former Club for Growth President Chris Chocola, " Senator Cochran … is a strong supporter of wasteful earmarks — something that is opposed by Republican leaders in both the Senate and the House. Mississippi voters will make the final judgment as to whether it is time for a change. The Club for Growth PAC believes that State Senator Chris McDaniel is a constitutional conservative who will fight to repeal ObamaCare, cut spending, and stop President Obama’s reckless agenda. The Club for Growth PAC looks forward to strongly supporting his candidacy for the United States Senate."[113]

Endorsements

Cochran was endorsed by the following:

"A true statesman, Sen. Cochran has dedicated his life to serving the people of Mississippi.... And Mississippi needs his leadership in the U.S. Senate now more than ever."[114]
"The people of Mississippi need his experience and proven conservative leadership more than ever. Thad's work on behalf of Mississippi is a testament to his selfless dedication to our state and its future. He has my full support."[114]
"After Hurricane Katrina, Thad dedicated his time and influence to our state's recovery efforts as we rebuilt from the nation's largest natural disaster. Our state has benefited from Sen. Cochran's leadership for over three decades. In today's political environment, we need this experience for Mississippi's future."[114]
"I am glad Sen. Cochran is running for re-election and I, like thousands of Mississippians, had encouraged him to do so. He is the father of the conservative Republican takeover of Mississippi, and his wisdom will be an asset to the conservative cause as long as he serves. We as Republicans have a major fight in Washington to unwind the Obama agenda in the next six years, and we need our best minds on the job. I hope all Republicans will rally behind Thad Cochran."[114]
  • Former U.S. Senator Trent Lott[115]
  • National Right to Life[117]

Campaign manager

Cochran hired Kirk Sims to be his campaign manager. Cochran said, "I welcome Kirk Sims to my campaign team, and appreciate his willingness to serve as campaign manager. Kirk has demonstrated a commitment to the interests and the values of the citizens of Mississippi. His background and experience are consistent with my principles. He will be instrumental in the effort to engage and unite the people of our state in a discussion about Mississippi’s bright future." Sims was reportedly endorsed by Sen. Roger Wicker, former Gov. Haley Barbour and former Sen. Trent Lott.[121]

Photos of Cochran's wife

Clayton Thomas Kelly, who ran a blog and openly supported Chris McDaniel over Cochran, was arrested on May 16, 2014, for sneaking into St. Catherine's Village, a nursing home, and taking unauthorized photographs of Cochran's bedridden wife in order to post them in an internet video criticizing Cochran. He was arrested for exploitation of a vulnerable adult.[122] McDaniel's campaign denied any involvement with Kelly or the video, and McDaniel issued a statement criticizing Kelly's actions and reaching out to Cochran.[123]

Ads regarding photo scandal

  • After a Chris McDaniel supporter took photos of Cochran's wife, Cochran came out with a campaign ad opposing McDaniel.[124] McDaniel, however, denied any involvement or knowledge of the photos, and he retaliated with his own ad.[125]
Cochran ad opposing McDaniel
McDaniel ad in response to Cochran's ad

Ad aimed toward Democratic voters

After Cochran and Chris McDaniel began their battle for the primary runoff election, McDaniel supporters brought attention to an ad that appeared in the Mississippi Link newspaper in late May 2014. The ad was geared toward Democratic voters, and stated that Cochran was "Behind the latest farm bill that funds the SNAP program and supports our local farmers."[126] The ad stated that it was paid for by "All Citizens for Mississippi," and there was no group of that name registered with the Federal Election Commission. The ad did not state whether or not the ad was authorized by Cochran.[127]

Accusations of voter fraud in runoff

See also: Legal challenges to the U.S. Senate race in Mississippi

Mississippi's 2014 U.S. Senate election gained nationwide media attention when accusations of voter fraud in the Republican runoff primary between Cochran and challenger Chris McDaniel created hostilities within the GOP, eventually leading to two separate legal challenges.

  1. True the Vote filed a lawsuit against the Mississippi Secretary of State and the Republican Party of Mississippi, arguing that they were denied access to voting records that should have been released based on the National Voter Registration Act Of 1993 (NVRA).
  2. Chris McDaniel filed a lawsuit against Cochran, stating that Cochran solicited Democratic votes, many of which violated Mississippi election law.
Timeline of events
  • June 3, 2014: McDaniel and Cochran competed for the Republican nomination in Mississippi's primary election. McDaniel won 157,733 votes to Cochran's 156,315, but McDaniel did not obtain the 50 percent of votes necessary to avoid a runoff election.[128]
  • June 24, 2014: Cochran defeated McDaniel in the runoff primary, with 194,932 votes to McDaniel's 187,265.[129]
  • July 1, 2014: True the Vote sued the Republican Party of Mississippi and the Mississippi Secretary of State, Delbert Hosemann, for failing to release the voting records necessary for an investigation of voter fraud in the Cochran vs. McDaniel runoff. The lawsuit argued that the records should have been released under the National Voter Registration Act Of 1993 (NVRA).[130]
  • July 3, 2014: McDaniel notified Cochran of his plans to challenge the primary runoff results due to illegitimate crossover votes from people who had voted in the Democratic primary and the Republican runoff.[131]
  • July 8, 2014: True the Vote withdrew their lawsuit without prejudice.[132]
  • July 9, 2014: True the Vote refiled their lawsuit in Jackson, in the Southern District, adding election commissions in Copiah, Hinds, Jefferson Davis, Lauderdale, Leake, Madison, Rankin, Simpson and Yazoo counties to the list of defendants.[133]
  • July 24, 2014: Judge Nancy Atlas presided over a hearing for True the Vote's lawsuit, but did not make a ruling on the case.[134]
  • August 4, 2014: McDaniel confirmed at a news conference that he would challenge the runoff results by calling for a public hearing of the Mississippi GOP’s central committee.[135]
  • August 6, 2014: In a letter to McDaniel's attorney, Joe Nosef, chairman of the Mississippi Republican Party, refused to hear McDaniel's case in a GOP hearing due to the short amount of time they would have to make a decision. He suggested instead that McDaniel take the case to court.[136]
  • August 14, 2014: McDaniel formally filed a legal challenge in Jones County, asking to delay adding Cochran's name to the general election ballot and calling for a new primary runoff.[137]
  • August 15, 2014: The chief justice of the Mississippi Supreme Court appointed retired chancery judge, Hollis McGehee, to oversee McDaniel's case.[138]
  • August 20, 2014: Judge McGehee refused to grant McDaniel's request to prevent Secretary of State Delbert Hosemann from preparing the ballots with Cochran's name, on the grounds that McDaniel did not sue Hosemann.[139]
  • August 21, 2014: Cochran's attorneys filed papers asking that the lawsuit be dismissed because McDaniel filed it too late. The papers also stated that McDaniel should not have sued Cochran, as he had no control over the election process.[139]
  • August 25, 2014: McDaniel's legal team submitted a response to Cochran's motion to dismiss the lawsuit. The response argued that challenges to a state-wide primary election do not have to be filed within a certain time frame following the election.[140]
  • August 29, 2014: Judge Hollis McGehee dismissed the election challenge. The McDaniel campaign scheduled a news conference for September 2, at which McDaniel planned to announce whether or not he would file an appeal with the Mississippi Supreme Court.[141] McDaniel later pushed back the news conference, needing more time to make the decision.[142]
  • August 29, 2014: Judge Nancy Atlas ruled against True the Vote's lawsuit, stating that the requested voter information was not required to be disclosed under the National Voter Registration Act Of 1993 (NVRA).[143]
  • September 24, 2014: Cochran filed papers with the state Supreme Court asking that McDaniel's lawsuit be dismissed, as it had been in the Jones County circuit court.[146]
  • October 24, 2014: The state Supreme Court ruled to uphold the decision of the Jones County circuit court to dismiss McDaniel's lawsuit against Cochran. Four justices concurred with the decision, while two dissented and three did not participate. The two dissenting were Justices Josiah Coleman and Ann Lamar.[147]

Media

  • Cochran released a campaign ad in which a man praised Cochran for helping him to get the medical attention he needed for his brain tumor.[148]
  • Leading up to the runoff primary against Chris McDaniel, Cochran released a campaign ad explaining how he helped Mississippi in his time as U.S. senator.[149]
Cochran 2014 campaign ad
Cochran's Republican primary runoff ad

Full history


Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Thad Cochran campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2014U.S. Senate (Mississippi)Won $7,388,054 N/A**
2008U.S. Senate (Mississippi)Won $2,723,398 N/A**
2002U.S. Senate (Mississippi)Won $1,723,559 N/A**
Grand total$11,835,011 N/A**
Sources: OpenSecrets,  Federal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only availabale data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Cochran's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $1,392,070 and $3,875,000. That averages to $2,633,535, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican senators in 2012 of $6,956,438.47. Cochran ranked as the 51st most wealthy senator in 2012.[159] Between 2004 and 2012, Cochran's calculated net worth[160] increased by an average of 7 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[161]

Thad Cochran Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$1,708,921
2012$2,633,535
Growth from 2004 to 2012:54%
Average annual growth:7%[162]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[163]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). In the 113th Congress, Cochran is the ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Cochran received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Crop Production & Basic Processing industry.

From 1989-2014, 24.21 percent of Cochran's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[164]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Thad Cochran Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $12,869,915
Total Spent $12,318,596
Ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Crop Production & Basic Processing$1,007,189
Lawyers/Law Firms$670,185
Leadership PACs$559,081
Agricultural Services/Products$463,348
Lobbyists$416,520
% total in top industry7.83%
% total in top two industries13.03%
% total in top five industries24.21%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Cochran was a moderate Republican follower as of July 2014.[165] Cochran was rated as a "rank-and-file Republican" in June 2013.

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[166]

Cochran most often votes with:

Cochran least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Cochran missed 473 of 13,054 roll call votes from February 1979 to September 2015. This amounts to 3.6 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.[167]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Cochran paid his congressional staff a total of $2,698,737 in 2011. He ranked 7th on the list of the highest paid Republican senatorial staff salaries and ranked 32nd overall of the highest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Mississippi ranked 19th in average salary for senatorial staff. The average U.S. Senate congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.[168]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Cochran ranked 34th in the conservative rankings in 2013.[169]

2012

Cochran ranked 41st in the conservative rankings in 2012.[170]

2011

Cochran ranked 41st in the conservative rankings in 2011.[171]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Cochran voted with the Republican Party 82.2 percent of the time, which ranked 37th among the 45 Senate Republican members as of July 2014.[172]

2013

Cochran voted with the Republican Party 81.7 percent of the time, which ranked 39th among the 46 Senate Republican members as of June 2013.[173]

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Cochran and his wife, Rose, had two children.[174]

See also


Footnotes

  1. ↑ WTVA, "Former U.S. Sen. Thad Cochran dies," May 30, 2019
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Politico, "Cochran to resign April 1," March 5, 2018
  3. ↑ Roll Call, "Cindy Hyde-Smith Gets Appointment to Mississippi Senate Seat," March 21, 2018
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Biographical Guide to Members of Congress, "William Thad Cochran," accessed November 3, 2011
  5. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Thad Cochran," accessed February 4, 2015
  6. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017
  7. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments," accessed February 4, 2015
  8. ↑ Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 22, 2013
  9. ↑ Official U.S. Senate Website, "Committee Assignments," accessed November 3, 2011
  10. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
  11. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
  12. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
  13. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
  14. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
  15. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
  16. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
  17. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
  18. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
  19. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
  20. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
  21. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
  22. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
  23. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
  24. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
  25. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  26. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
  27. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  28. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
  29. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
  30. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
  31. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
  32. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
  33. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
  34. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
  35. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
  36. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
  37. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
  38. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
  39. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
  40. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
  41. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
  42. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
  43. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
  44. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
  45. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
  46. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
  47. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
  48. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
  49. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
  50. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  51. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  52. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  53. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015
  54. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
  55. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
  56. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
  57. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  58. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  59. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015
  60. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  61. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  62. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  63. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  64. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  65. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015
  66. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  67. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  68. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  70. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  71. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
  72. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
  73. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2640 to H.J.Res.61," accessed September 10, 2015
  74. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
  75. ↑ Senates.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015
  76. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
  77. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015
  78. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015
  79. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015
  80. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  81. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015
  82. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General)," accessed April 29, 2015
  83. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015
  84. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015
  85. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015
  86. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015
  87. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  88. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  89. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "PN 48 - Nomination of John Brennan to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
  90. ↑ CNN, "Rand Paul says he's heard from White House after filibuster," March 7, 2013
  91. ↑ USA Today, "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013
  92. ↑ ABC News, "Rand Paul wins applause from GOP and liberals," March 7, 2013
  93. ↑ Breitbart, "AWOL: Meet the GOP senators who refused to stand with Rand," March 7, 2013
  94. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul filibuster blasted by Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham," March 7, 2013
  95. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul pulls plug on nearly 13-hour filibuster," March 7, 2017
  96. ↑ The Blaze, "Here Are All the GOP Senators That Participated in Rand Paul’s 12+ Hour Filibuster… and the Ones Who Didn’t," March 7, 2013
  97. ↑ Washington Post, "Eric Holder responds to Rand Paul with ‘no’," March 7, 2013
  98. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 325 - To Ensure the Complete and Timely Payment of the Obligations of the United States Government Until May 19, 2013 - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
  99. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  100. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013
  101. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "S Amdt 1197 - Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
  102. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "S 47 - Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
  103. ↑ U.S. Senate, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  104. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Text of GOP Senators’ Letter to Iran’s Leaders on Nuclear Talks," March 9, 2015
  105. ↑ Politico, "Iran letter blowback startles GOP," March 12, 2015
  106. ↑ Fox News, "Firestorm erupts over GOP letter challenging Obama's power to approve Iran nuclear deal," March 10, 2015
  107. ↑ Ut San Diego, "Traitors or patriots? Senator's letter to Iran creates firestorm," March 11, 2015
  108. ↑ USA Today, "Sen. Thad Cochran endorses Jeb Bush for president," December 8, 2015
  109. ↑ The Hill, "2012 GOP Lawmaker Endorsements for President," accessed November 23, 2011
  110. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named relection
  111. ↑ National Journal, "Ranking the Top 5 Senators Vulnerable in 2014 Primaries," accessed December 31, 2013
  112. ↑ The Washington Post, "Conservative group launches early ad for Sen. Cochran’s primary foe," accessed November 14, 2013
  113. ↑ Roll Call, "Club for Growth Stands With Cochran Challenger," accessed December 6, 2013
  114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 SF Gate, "Reaction to Cochran's decision to seek re-election," accessed December 6, 2013
  115. ↑ Y'all Politics, "Trent Lott endorses Thad Cochran," accessed May 28, 2014
  116. ↑ Y'all Politics, "EaglePAC endorses Thad Cochran," accessed May 28, 2014
  117. ↑ National Right to Life, "National Right to Life Endorses Sen. Thad Cochran for Re-Election," accessed May 28, 2014
  118. ↑ USA Today Politics, "NRA endorses Sen. Thad Cochran over Tea Party foe," accessed May 28, 2014
  119. ↑ Politico, "McConnell to headline Thad Cochran fundraiser," accessed June 9, 2014
  120. ↑ Politico, "Realtors start Mississippi air war," accessed June 10, 2014
  121. ↑ Roll Call, "Cochran Hires Campaign Manager for Tough Re-Election," accessed December 17, 2013
  122. ↑ The Clarion-Ledger, "Man arrested for sneaking into Cochran's wife's nursing home," accessed May 20, 2014
  123. ↑ Chris McDaniel for U.S. Senate, "McDaniel Campaign Statements Regarding the Arrest of Clayton Kelly," accessed May 28, 2014
  124. ↑ YouTube, "Thad attack ad," accessed May 28, 2014
  125. ↑ YouTube, "McDaniel addresses negative, shameless attack ads," accessed May 28, 2014
  126. ↑ Scribd, "Cochran ad in Mississippi Link," accessed June 9, 2014
  127. ↑ The Clarion Ledger, "Opponents seize on Cochran ad aimed at Democratic voters," accessed June 8, 2014
  128. ↑ Mississippi Secretary of State, "2014 Republican Primary Results," accessed July 10, 2014
  129. ↑ Mississippi Secretary of State, "2014 Republican Primary Runoff Results," accessed July 10, 2014
  130. ↑ Brenner Brief, "True the Vote v. Mississippi Complaint," accessed July 10, 2014
  131. ↑ CNN, "McDaniel plans to challenge Mississippi runoff result," accessed July 10, 2014
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 The Clarion Ledger, "True the Vote drops lawsuit, likely to refile in Jackson," accessed July 10, 2014
  133. ↑ Scribd, "True the Vote v. Mississippi Complaint," accessed July 10, 2014
  134. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named now
  135. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pol
  136. ↑ Jackson Free Press, "MS GOP Response to McDaniel: Er ... Try Court?" accessed August 21, 2014
  137. ↑ The Washington Times, "Chris McDaniel files a legal challenge to Thad Cochran’s Mississippi victory," accessed August 21, 2014
  138. ↑ The Sun Herald, "Retired judge to oversee Miss. election challenge," accessed August 21, 2014 (dead link)
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 Hattiesburg American, "Cochran: Lawsuit should be dismissed," accessed August 25, 2014
  140. ↑ The Clarion-Ledger, "McDaniel says he didn't wait too late to file lawsuit," accessed August 28, 2014
  141. ↑ WLOX13, "Judge dismisses McDaniel election challenge," August 29, 2014
  142. ↑ Gulf Live, "Chris McDaniel pushes back announcement on status of election lawsuit until Wednesday," accessed September 3, 2014
  143. ↑ Hattiesburg American, "US judge: Voters' birthdates are not public record," accessed September 3, 2014
  144. ↑ CNN Politics, "Chris McDaniel takes primary fight with Thad Cochran to Mississippi high court," accessed September 9, 2014
  145. ↑ The Clarion-Ledger, "McDaniel lawyer confident with appeal," accessed September 9, 2014
  146. ↑ Mississippi Business Journal, "Cochran’s legal counsel asks Court to toss McDaniel’s lawsuit," accessed September 30, 2014
  147. ↑ The Clarion-Ledger, "State Supreme Court rejects McDaniel appeal," accessed November 12, 2014
  148. ↑ YouTube, "Jason," accessed May 28, 2014
  149. ↑ YouTube, "More for Mississippi," accessed June 12, 2014
  150. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013 accessed November 3, 2011
  151. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  152. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
  153. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
  154. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1984," accessed March 28, 2013
  155. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1978," accessed March 28, 2013
  156. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1976," accessed March 28, 2013
  157. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1974," accessed March 28, 2013
  158. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1972," accessed March 28, 2013
  159. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Cochran, (R-MS), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
  160. ↑ This figure represents the average annual percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or their first year in office (as noted in the chart below) to 2012, divided by the number of years calculated.
  161. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  162. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  163. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
  164. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Thad Cochran," accessed September 17, 2014
  165. ↑ GovTrack, "Thad Cochran," accessed July 21, 2014
  166. ↑ OpenCongress, "Thad Cochran," archived March 5, 2016
  167. ↑ GovTrack, "Sen. Thad Cochran (R)," accessed September 23, 2015
  168. ↑ LegiStorm, "Thad Cochran"
  169. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed July 21, 2014
  170. ↑ National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," accessed February 26, 2013
  171. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
  172. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  173. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  174. ↑ Official Senate Site, "Biography" accessed November 3, 2011
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James O. Eastland 		U.S. Senate - Mississippi
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