Amandeep Kaur
Dehli university, Universal studies of Virat Kohli, Undergraduate
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important nonprotein-coding genes involved in almost all biological processes during biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. To investigate the miRNA-mediated plant response to drought stress, two drought-tolerant... more
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important nonprotein-coding genes involved in almost all biological processes during biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. To investigate the miRNA-mediated plant response to drought stress, two drought-tolerant (C-306 and NI-5439) and two drought-sensitive (HUW-468 and WL-711) wheat genotypes were exposed to 25 % PEG 6000 for 1, 12 and 24 h. Temporal expression patterns of 12 drought-responsive miRNAs and their corresponding nine targets were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed differential expression of miRNAs and their targets with varying degree of upregulation and downregulation in drought-sensitive genotypes. Likewise, in drought-tolerant wheat genotypes, maximum accumulation of miR393a and miR397a was observed at 1 h of stress. In addition, nearly perfect negative correlation was observed in four miRNA and target pairs (miR164-NAC, miR168a-AGO, miR398-SOD and miR159a-MYB) across all the temporal period studied which could be a major player during drought response in wheat. We, for the first time, validated the presence of miR529a and miR1029 in wheat. These findings gives a clue for temporal and variety-specific differential regulation of miRNAs and their targets in wheat in response to osmotic shock and could help in defining the potential roles of miRNAs in plant adaptation to osmotic stress in future.
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Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (100 microg/ml) of Alpinia galanga rhizomes exhibited significant activity in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani. Twelve compounds namely, methyleugenol (1), p-coumaryl diacetate (2),... more
Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (100 microg/ml) of Alpinia galanga rhizomes exhibited significant activity in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani. Twelve compounds namely, methyleugenol (1), p-coumaryl diacetate (2), 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (3), 1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (4), trans-p-acetoxycinnamyl alcohol (5), trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (8), trans-p-coumaryl alcohol (9), galangin (10), trans-p-coumaric acid (11) and galanganol B (12) were isolated from these extracts. Of these, compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 were found most active in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani with IC50 values of 39.3, 32.9, 18.9 and 79.9 microM respectively. This is the first report of antileishmanial activity of the extracts and isolated constituents of A. galanga.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) engage in the most common underground symbiosis that occurs with plants. More than 80% of the higher plants have the ability to form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Plants exchange carbohydrates and lipids... more
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) engage in the most common underground symbiosis that occurs with plants. More than 80% of the higher plants have the ability to form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Plants exchange carbohydrates and lipids for nutrients, especially phosphates from AM. Five billion tons of carbon are transferred from plants to fungi via AM each year, worldwide. The fungus in AM symbiosis forms hyphae outside the plant, which provide a connection between the soil and inner part of plant. Phosphorus is transported from the soil solution across the membrane of the hyphae, moves to the arbuscule, unloads from the fungal arbuscule at the arbuscule-cortical interface and is then taken up by the plant cortical cell. AM, in turn, derive carbon from the host plant in the form of hexose/sucrose, which is taken up at the interface and is converted to trehalose and glycogen, typical fungal carbohydrates. This review discusses the transfer of phosphate from soil to plant via AM and the carbon flux and metabolism in AM fungi.
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ABSTRACT
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Cloud computing has become a momentous technological trend in recent years, and many experts presage that cloud computing could reshape information technology (IT) processes and its current marketplace. These Cloud based Campuses... more
Cloud computing has become a momentous technological trend in recent years, and many experts presage that cloud computing could reshape information technology (IT) processes and its current marketplace. These Cloud based Campuses integrated with traditional educational set-ups would help in procuring various solutions helpful not only for students but also for University administration. In this paper, a model for Integrated Campus Management System using Cloud Computing has been proposed for Guru Nanak Dev University's Main Campus and well as its Satellite Campuses.
Inter-satellite optical wireless communication system (IsOWC), one of the important applications of FSO (Free Space Optics) technology, will be deployed in space in the near future because of providing power efficient and high bandwidth... more
Inter-satellite optical wireless communication system (IsOWC), one of the important applications of FSO (Free Space Optics) technology, will be deployed in space in the near future because of providing power efficient and high bandwidth allocation facilities unlike present microwave satellite systems. In this paper, we have deliberated a presentation of different challenging issues in achieving a prolonged inter satellite link for an IsOWC system under different situations and conditions. This work is also emphasized on the suggested techniques to combat with the degrading factors to put into practice of high speed IsOWC system with minimum BER. Index Terms— Inter-satellite optical wireless system (IsOWC), BER, SNR.
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Understanding the role of oxidative stress in disease requires real time monitoring of redox status within a cell. We report a FRET-based, ratiometric redox probe which can be applied to monitor cellular oxidative capacity using three... more
Understanding the role of oxidative stress in disease requires real time monitoring of redox status within a cell. We report a FRET-based, ratiometric redox probe which can be applied to monitor cellular oxidative capacity using three different modalities - confocal microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow cytometry.
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Both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play roles in a myriad of pathological conditions. There is therefore a need for tools that possess the ability to measure the dynamics of oxidative capacity within the mitochondria,... more
Both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play roles in a myriad of pathological conditions. There is therefore a need for tools that possess the ability to measure the dynamics of oxidative capacity within the mitochondria, particularly those that can measure reversible changes. Here, we report a mitochondrially-targeted fluorescent redox sensor NpFR2, which can reversibly measure changes in the mitochondrial redox environment. The probe has been used to report on variations in oxidative capacity of the haematopoietic cells in bone marrow, thymus and spleen.
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Understanding the role of oxidative stress in disease requires real time monitoring of redox status within a cell. We report a FRET-based, ratiometric redox probe which can be applied to monitor cellular oxidative capacity using three... more
Understanding the role of oxidative stress in disease requires real time monitoring of redox status within a cell. We report a FRET-based, ratiometric redox probe which can be applied to monitor cellular oxidative capacity using three different modalities - confocal microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow cytometry.
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Most soluble dietary fibers ferment rapidly in the proximal colon, potentially causing discomfort and poor tolerability. Alkali-extracted arabinoxylan isolates from corn, wheat, rice and sorghum brans were prepared, through hydrolysis... more
Most soluble dietary fibers ferment rapidly in the proximal colon, potentially causing discomfort and poor tolerability. Alkali-extracted arabinoxylan isolates from corn, wheat, rice and sorghum brans were prepared, through hydrolysis (except sorghum) and ethanol fractionation, to have a broad range of initial fermentation rates, and their linkage patterns were determined to understand structural aspects related to slow fermentation rate. They were all highly branched polymers with degree of substitution greater than 64%. There was no relationship of molecular mass, arabinose:xylose ratio, or degree of substitution to fermentation rate patterns. Slow fermenting wheat and corn arabinoxylans had much higher amount of terminal xylose in branches than fast fermenting rice and sorghum arabinoxylans. The slowest fermenting wheat arabinoxylan additionally contained a complex trisaccharide side chain with two arabinoses linked at the O-2 and O-3 positions of an arabinose that is O-2 linked ...
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The main objective of a root canal sealer is to provide a fluid tight seal. The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis was to determine the relative toxicity of commonly used root canal sealers like zinc oxide eugenol, calcium... more
The main objective of a root canal sealer is to provide a fluid tight seal. The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis was to determine the relative toxicity of commonly used root canal sealers like zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. An online search was conducted in peer-reviewed journals listed in PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, and IndMed databases between 2000 and 2012). Statistical analysis was carried out by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparison by Bonferroni method. The comparison between toxicity at 24 h and between 3 and 7 days was done by using paired t-test for each sealer. At 24 h, the relative biotoxicity of the three sealers reported was insignificant (P- value 0.29), but the difference in toxicity was found significant (P < 0.001) after 3 days. Calcium hydroxide sealer and zinc oxide eugenol were found to be significantly biotoxic as compared to resin-based sealers after 3 days.
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The success of synthetic phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5)-inhibitor drugs (viz sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil), which are constituents of popular brands (viz Viagra, Levitra and Cialis, respectively) for the treatment of erectile... more
The success of synthetic phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5)-inhibitor drugs (viz sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil), which are constituents of popular brands (viz Viagra, Levitra and Cialis, respectively) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in males, has led to their ...
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ABSTRACT Globally, the major cause of long-term disability and death is an “epidemiologic transition” from infectious diseases and malnutrition complications to non-communicable chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer... more
ABSTRACT Globally, the major cause of long-term disability and death is an “epidemiologic transition” from infectious diseases and malnutrition complications to non-communicable chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes. CVD accounts for major global mortality. Imbalance due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels above normal baseline levels and decreased antioxidant defence reserve makes the cardiovascular system (cardiac and vascular cells) susceptible to oxidative stress and damage. Growing evidences support the notion that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development and progression of CVD by altering normal functions such as inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) leading to endothelial dysfunction, intracellular Ca2+ overload and others. Oxidative stress also mediates inflammation through various signalling cascades such as the activation of inflammatory transcription factors (TFs) namely NF-κB, AP-1 and Nrf-1. A vicious cycle of oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and inflammation-induced oxidative stress makes the CVD-related complications worse. Therefore, it is also very important to clearly understand the role of enzymatic sources of ROS, mechanisms underlying pathological conditions and link between oxidative stress and inflammation during each stage of CVD. The present chapter will elucidate the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in CVD development and progression. It is important to find the remedial measures, to develop the efficient biomarkers and to design the therapeutic strategies for CVD in the near future.
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Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (100 microg/ml) of Alpinia galanga rhizomes exhibited significant activity in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani. Twelve compounds namely, methyleugenol (1), p-coumaryl diacetate (2),... more
Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (100 microg/ml) of Alpinia galanga rhizomes exhibited significant activity in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani. Twelve compounds namely, methyleugenol (1), p-coumaryl diacetate (2), 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (3), 1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (4), trans-p-acetoxycinnamyl alcohol (5), trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (8), trans-p-coumaryl alcohol (9), galangin (10), trans-p-coumaric acid (11) and galanganol B (12) were isolated from these extracts. Of these, compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 were found most active in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani with IC50 values of 39.3, 32.9, 18.9 and 79.9 microM respectively. This is the first report of antileishmanial activity of the extracts and isolated constituents of A. galanga.
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients face great socio-economic difficulties in obtaining treatment. There is an urgent need for new, safe, and cheap anti-HIV agents. Traditional medicinal plants are a valuable source of novel... more
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients face great socio-economic difficulties in obtaining treatment. There is an urgent need for new, safe, and cheap anti-HIV agents. Traditional medicinal plants are a valuable source of novel anti-HIV agents and may offer alternatives to expensive medicines in future. Various medicinal plants or plant-derived natural products have shown strong anti-HIV activity and are under various stages of clinical development in different parts of the world. The present study was directed towards assessment of anti-HIV activity of various extracts prepared from Indian medicinal plants. The plants were chosen on the basis of similarity of chemical constituents with reported anti-HIV compounds or on the basis of their traditional usage as immunomodulators. Different extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction and liquid-liquid partitioning. Ninety-two extracts were prepared from 23 plants. Anti-HIV activity was measured in a human CD4+ T-cell line, CEM-GFP...
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Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), mainly affecting impoverished communities and having varied ranges of pathogenicity according to the diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations. It is endemic in many... more
Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), mainly affecting impoverished communities and having varied ranges of pathogenicity according to the diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations. It is endemic in many countries and poses major challenges to healthcare systems in developing countries. Despite the fact that most of the current mono and combination therapies are found to be failures, clear perception of gene essentiality for parasite survival are now desideratum to identify potential biochemical targets through selection. Here we used the metabolic network of L. major, to perform a comprehensive set of in silico deletion mutants and have systematically recognized a clearly defined set of essential proteins by combining several essential criteria. In this paper we summarize the efforts to prioritize potential drug targets up to a five-fold enrichment compared with a random selection.
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Research Interests: Demography, Pediatrics, Early Intervention, Tropical Medicine, Cerebral Palsy, and 16 moreSpeech, Mental Retardation, Humans, Female, Male, Indian, Developmental disabilities, Time Factors, Genetic Disorder, Retrospective Studies, Urban Population, Developmental delay, Urban Area, Socioeconomic Factors, Child preschool, and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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ABSTRACT In this paper, simulative performance analysis for different modulation formats like NRZ rectangular, NRZ raised cosine, RZ soliton, RZ super gaussian, RZ raised cosine and RZ rectangular, has been demonstrated and analyzed at... more
ABSTRACT In this paper, simulative performance analysis for different modulation formats like NRZ rectangular, NRZ raised cosine, RZ soliton, RZ super gaussian, RZ raised cosine and RZ rectangular, has been demonstrated and analyzed at each node with varying bit rate. It is seen that overall NRZ modulation is performing better among all modulation driving schemes. It is also observed that by using RZ soliton format system can exist up to 90 dB of insertion loss of optical add drop multiplexers with bit rate upto 10 Gbit/s. For 10 Gbit/s of bit rate quality factor drops off below 15 dB after 85 dB of insertion loss for RZ soliton.
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ABSTRACT In this paper we analyze analog CATV transmission system where only one wavelength is used for transmission on which multiple analog RF channels modulated. We analyze different modulation distortions such as composite second... more
ABSTRACT In this paper we analyze analog CATV transmission system where only one wavelength is used for transmission on which multiple analog RF channels modulated. We analyze different modulation distortions such as composite second order (CSO), composite triple beat (CTB) and intermodulation distortions at different frequencies. Good performance of CSO &gt; -36 dBc and CTB &gt; -41 dBc are obtained at 62.5 MHz, 125 MHz and 187.5 MHz in three tone directly modulated CATV transmission system.
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Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are chaperones that play an important role in various developmental, biotic and abiotic stresses. The sHSP family possess a conserved domain of approximately 80 to 100 amino acids called alpha-crystalline... more
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are chaperones that play an important role in various developmental, biotic and abiotic stresses. The sHSP family possess a conserved domain of approximately 80 to 100 amino acids called alpha-crystalline domain (ACD), flanked by N- and C-terminal regions. Search for complete proteomes and expressed sequenced tag (EST) database of wheat and barley using Hidden Markov Model and BLAST algorithm was conducted. Here, we report genome-wide identification and characterization of 27 newly TaHSP20 candidate genes in wheat and 13 HvHSP20 in barley, describing structures, phylogenetic relationships, conserved protein motifs, and expression patterns. The structural analysis highlights that this gene family possesses a conserved ACD region at the C-terminal. Detailed pattern analysis of HSP20 revealed presence of P-G doublet and I/V/L-X-I/V/L motif that helps in oligomerization. Identification of conserved motif sequences of wheat and barley HSP20 strongly supported their identity as sHSP families. This study illustrates for the first time 3D model prediction of full-length wheat HSP20 (TaHSP20) protein and ACD region. Digital expression analysis was also carried out in order to reveal a widespread distribution of the sHSP family genes at various developmental stages of wheat and barley. In addition, five selected transcripts of both wheat and barley were validated for their expression profile under 35 °C and 42 °C heat stress conditions. Results indicate up-regulation of all the transcripts under heat stress condition except TaCBM38894 candidate, which showed down-regulation in wheat.
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The antileishmanial activity of extracts and phytoconstituents of Moringa oleifera Lam. was investigated in vitro against promastigotes of Leishmania donavani. The 70% ethanolic extract of roots and the methanolic extract of leaves showed... more
The antileishmanial activity of extracts and phytoconstituents of Moringa oleifera Lam. was investigated in vitro against promastigotes of Leishmania donavani. The 70% ethanolic extract of roots and the methanolic extract of leaves showed moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 83.0 microg/ml and 47.5 microg/ml, respectively. Antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of leaves increased upon fractionation, as its ethyl acetate fraction was found to be more active with an IC50 value of 27.5 microg/ml. The most active antileishmanial compound niazinin, a thiocarbamate glycoside isolated from this fraction, showed an IC50 value of 5.25 microM. Results presented in this study indicate that extracts from M. oleifera may be developed as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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ABSTRACT 3D-Playfair cipher [1] is the multiple letter encryption cipher. Here the trigraphs in the plain text are treated as single units and converted into corresponding cipher text trigraphs. A group of 3 characters are known as... more
ABSTRACT 3D-Playfair cipher [1] is the multiple letter encryption cipher. Here the trigraphs in the plain text are treated as single units and converted into corresponding cipher text trigraphs. A group of 3 characters are known as trigraph. 3D-Playfair Ciphers came into focus due to the limitation of classical Playfair that it supports only alphabets and may not support “i” and “j” both alphabets at the same time. It also eliminates the fact that a diagram and its reverse will encrypt in a similar fashion. 3D-Playfair cipher supports all 26 alphabets {A-Z}, 10 digits {0-9} and 28 special characters {! “ # $ % &amp; &#39; () * +, - . / : ; ? @ [ ] ^ _ |}. The theme of this research is to provide security for the data that contains alphabets numerals and special characters during its transmission that&#39;s why a Linear Feedback Shift Register based unique random number generator is coupled with 3D-Playfair cipher for offering better security in transmission over the internet. LFSR based unique random number generator [2] enhances the security up to a considerable level by generating random sequences. These random sequences will be used for transmission on the behalf of the actual cipher text.