Ali Rahimi

Critical studies focus on fairness, justice, democratic education, and student support. They are supposed to be a safeguard against muddled thinking, fallacious arguments, and illogical implausible claims, etc. The cornerstone of this project is to put forward an insight into the discursive structures of various texts, genres and cultures together with their socio-political effects. It also aims at detecting the potential pitfalls of CDA studies since any theory or paradigm is susceptible to the likelihood of turning into an institution or instrument of power itself, bitterly ironically. Strangely enough, individuals who never kick over the traces have embarked on CDA studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate adaptation challenges of novice EFL teachers during induction period in Iraqi Kurdistan. Through a questionnaire prepared in a cross-sectional descriptive design, the data were collected from 20 novice EFL teachers teaching in four provinces of the Kurdistan region. The outcomes of the study presented that novice EFL teachers had both job-related and social challenges. The most frequent adaptation challenges were related to (1) relationship with students, (2) social status and identity, (3) supervisors (school principals and inspectors), and (4) classroom management. The data are analyzed with SPSS 16.0 , the findings are discussed and the appropriate recommendations are given.

Message from Editor,
Dear Readers,
It is a great honor for us to publish 7th volume, 3rd , 2017 issue of Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT).
We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,
Associate Professor Dr. Ali Rahimi,
Editor – in Chief

Dear Colleagues,


It is a great honor for us to publish the seventh issue Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching.


Articles are available at 

http://sproc.org/ojs/index.php/GJFLT/issue/view/151

http://www.gjflt.eu/


Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on foreign language teaching and topics related  to linguistics. GJFLT is an international journal  and it is devoted to be a joint for presenting and discussing the emerging developments on foreign language teaching in an international arena.

 
We thank all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,

Associate Prof. Dr. Ali Rahimi
Editor – in Chief

The article offers a cognitive subject-oriented perspective on language and its acquisition with a focus on grammar. By sketching out the cognitive mechanisms of languaging 'conceptual complexes' or mental categories through grammar means, the authors endeavour to define and formulate their semantic representations.

University English books as the chief source of learning English are remarkably important and investigating their content quality can lead to English learning improvement. This study investigates learning objectives in ESP books for students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacology in IUMS. Using Bloom's taxonomy, learning objectives reflected in ESP books for students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacology in IUMS were investigated.

Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on foreign language teaching and topics related to linguistics. GJFLT is an international journal published quarterly and it is a platform for presenting and discussing the emerging developments in foreign language teaching in an international arena. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to; the following major Structures in Patients with Schizophrenia, and The Effect of Second Life on Speaking Achievement have been included in this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. We are trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge through which different kinds of topics will be discussed in 2017 issues. We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

The results of the ANCOVAs revealed that using vocabulary learning software was more effective than using printed book on vocabulary learning, vocabulary breadth, and vocabulary depth of the participants. The results of the present study could help EFL course book designers, foreign language institutes, educational planners, material developers, teachers, and learners to provide a better context for EFL learning.

The significant role of the media, in general, and the movies, in particular, in disseminating information and creating images of the real life by use of the language as a powerful social tool is totally irrefutable. Although critical analysis of the movie discourse is a fashionable trend among the critical discourse analysts, there is a paucity of research on movie discourse in Iran. Besides, the increasing number of the anti-Iranian movies produced in the last decade and the growing tendency among the English students to watch American movies, have established the need for conducting a research to investigate the images of Iranians represented in the Western movies. Thus, in this article an American movie, Not Without My Daughter (1991), has been critically analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis techniques.

Critical applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary critical approach to applied linguistics. However,  applied linguistics has defied clear-cut specification of its building blocks let alone critical applied linguistics with the added perplexing element of ‘’ critical’’.  Notions of power, inequality, visibility/invisibility, disenfranchisement, ‘’ideological lunacy’’ can be elucidated with critical applied linguistics as a robust post-modern  emancipatory problematizing weapon against prevalent insularity and socio-political propaganda machines. Critical approaches like post-colonialism, queer theory, feminism, liberalism, critical literacy in the light of questioning discursive mapping of dominant ideologies are the cornerstones of all democratic education.  Moreover, the overlocalized undertheorized notion of the contextualized applied linguistic studies can be illuminated through a genuine critical globalized lens. The challenge of critical studies  is now the creation of proper relations between academic studies and social issues of gender inequality, racism , xenophobia, misogyny, islamophobia, anti-immigration policies more severely accentuated and perniciously growing with the unexpected  American presidency results.

Languages, perceived as the specific set of speech norms of a particular community, are also a part of the larger cultural identity. Humans use language as a way of manifesting identity with one cultural group and difference from others. Culture includes a community's way of using language, just as other shared practices are; due to its connection with a specific group it also becomes a way of displaying group identity The essential elements of any language, that is, sounds, words and structure interact with other extralinguistic parameters. Language and culture are inextricably tied up with each other and the nature of this relationship has attracted the attention of EFL teachers, curriculum developers, and assessment specialist. It has also fascinated the thinkers in a variety of disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, anthropolinguistics, philosophy, psychology, and literature, etc. Linguists and anthropologists, particularly sociolinguists have specialized in studying how ways of speaking vary between speech communities. Linguists use the term varieties to refer to the different ways of speaking a language. This term includes geographically or socioculturally defined jargon, styles, registers and subcultures. The ways in which speakers of a language think and behave are shaped by their language and it , in turn, constructs their linguistic repertoire. In this article I am going to clarify the nature of this relationship and manifest the misconceptions and erroneous beliefs held by EFL theorist and practitioners. Various way in which language and culture influence each other are elucidated through pragmatic communicative examples of genuine linguistic encounters and interactions. It should be pointed out, however, that culture does not always refer to the interpretation of '' high culture'', or literature, music and arts. With respect to pragmatics, intercultural communication and cross-cultural specificities, culture can be whatever a person needs to know to use language appropriately and effectively within a society. What's more, there is no single approach to study of culture; language learners as well as educators adopt entirely different perspectives and attitudes towards the definition of culture and the role it plays in the complex act of language learning and teaching. There are different approaches to culture such as '' Ideal Culture'', ''Formal Culture'', ''Operational Culture'' and '' Experimental Culture''. Understanding these classifications is impossible unless one has enough familiarity with philosophical approaches to the concepts of worldviews and cultural issues. These approaches encompass important concepts such as epistemology, ontology, teleology, futurology, etiology, and theology.

While authenticity is recurrently associated with higher motivation, the question remains how an authentic context can affect reading motivation in an EAP setting. To investigate the effect, two groups of 30 EAP students were selected through cluster random sampling as control and experimental groups. A mixed methods approach was employed to collect data. The quantitative method encompassed the administration of the reading motivation questionnaire and the qualitative methods were the focus group interview and diary writing. Having administered the pretest of the reading motivation questionnaire at the beginning of the study, the researchers administered the posttest after the 8-week intervention of providing an authentic context. The findings revealed that the experimental group (Authentic context) had a higher reading motivation after the intervention as compared to the control group (traditional context). The interview findings also supported the quantitative findings. Moreover, the data from the diaries shed more light on the students' general views of the two contexts such as their impressions of the tasks and activities, impressions of what was enjoyable and what was not, and the reactions to the instructor and the peers.

Investigating teachers' curriculum perspectives is one of the main priorities of researchers in the field of curriculum. It is assumed that one of the important reasons behind the differences between written and experienced curricula is related to the teachers' curriculum perspectives. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between teachers' curriculum perspectives and the sort of learning activities they choose in their classrooms. To accomplish this purpose, two perspectives for curriculum were singled out: disciplinary and experimental. Along with these two perspectives, five groups of learning activities (students' individual problem solving, reading textbooks in a way that one student reads the text and the others listen, seminar which is presentation of materials or a discussion by one student, quiz, and homework) were also determined for teachers. The results showed that teachers with disciplinary perspective tended to use individual problem solving and textbook reading and teachers with experimental perspectives tended to use seminar and homework more extensively. These teachers (disciplinary and experimental), both, tended to use quiz more than non-disciplinary and non-experimental teachers. The possible reasons and other findings have been discussed. Introduction One of the main reasons behind the success of the improving education quality plans is the "teacher". The Teacher, who plays the significant role in the process of teaching and learning for the learners, is regarded as the fundamental part in curriculum. When curriculum regards providing answers to students' interests and needs as its ultimate goals, it is the teachers who are the most important persons who can increase the effectiveness and richness of the curriculum with their to-the-point educational experiment planning. So curriculum will have its beneficial outcomes on condition that teachers' contribution in education is facilitated as much as possible. In centralized educational systems like in Iran, this issue is highly dependent on the coherence and consistency between the curriculum approaches of ministry of education with teachers' curriculum perspectives. In other words, the productivity of curriculum and education system, as the heart of education process, is not solely dependent on closed quality of curriculum package, but to a high extent dependent on attracting contribution and full consistency with the main factors of curriculum.

One of the main approaches of educational systems in enhancing the teaching quality has been increasing teachers' action research skills. The objective of this study has been identification of university teachers' action research skills in higher education in Iran. The population under study has been all teachers at University of Kashan, Iran (283) from which 189 teachers have been randomly selected. The instrument employed has been a self-made questionnaire which assessed teachers' action research skills based upon four factors (diagnostic Skills, attitude towards action research, data collection skills, and practical action research abilities). The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's Alfa as 0.852 and this is indicative of the high reliability and internal consistency of the instrument. This study clearly showed that a large number of university teachers have no information about the role of action research in improving the quality of teaching and learning. Data analysis showed that even noticeable differences are not observed in the behavior of teachers familiar with action research and those who are unfamiliar with it. The most interesting finding of this study was the discovery that all university teachers were able to recognize the issues and topics related to their profession (topic recognition skill) and are deeply preoccupied with such issues (attitude towards action research), but they lacked the necessary skills to cope with these issues and make the relevant practical decisions (data collection skills and practical action research). To overcome this deficiency, the researchers suggest in-service educational programs organized by university authorities with the aim of turning teachers to researchers familiar with action research skills.

It is a great honor for us to publish the sixth issue of Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT). Please follow the link below :

http://sproc.org/ojs/index.php/GJFLT

Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching welcomes original  investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on foreign language teaching and topics related to interdisciplinary areas,literature, translation, and  linguistics.
GJFLT is an international journal published quarterly and it is a platform for presenting and discussing the emerging developments in interdisciplinary studis and foreign language teaching in an international arena.
Linguistic clichés, teaching English as a foreign language, corpus-based language teaching, TESOL, language acquisition and elementary literacy teaching topics have been included in this issue.

Dear Colleagues ,

Please follow the link  below.

my youtube channel :

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdwiYYYLoZIiJRJmb74j61g

I would greatly appreciate your views and opinions.

Kind regards
Ali Rahimi
Associate Professor , Bangkok University

The autonomy
supportive classroom perception was found to be positively correlated with selfregulated
learning strategy use. The results provide corroboration for erstwhile
research in traditional classrooms signifying that use of Self‐Regulated Learning
(SRL) strategies and motivational beliefs of students about a learning task are
associated. Additionally, the findings obtained via regression analyses unveiled that
teachers’ answering of students’ questions and acknowledging confidence were
significant positive predictors of students’ use of various self‐regulated learning
strategies. Further regression analysis unveiled teachers’ answering of students’
questions as the stronger predictor of self‐regulated learning.
Keywords: Classroom learning environment, self‐regulated learning,

The increase in the number of non-native speakers of English has resulted in a salient fact about English; not only are people who speak English more likely to be non-native speakers of English than native speakers, but they are most likely to speak to other non-native speakers of English than to native speakers. Consequently, coming from different cultural backgrounds, people are required to familiarize themselves with different forms of non-verbal communication in addition to the mastery over the structures and essential elements of the language. Non-verbal communication has always played a major role in cross-cultural interaction and unfamiliarity with different forms of body language, such as postures, gestures or eye movements, can lead to a breakdown in communication or some kind of discomfort while interacting with people from different cultural schemas. This study elaborates on a number of forms of non-verbal communication in different countries and explains how body language can lead to a failure in communication.

From the perspective of sociocultural theory (SCT), knowledge of an L2 is constructed and internalized through interaction.
This is at odds with the "computational model" of learning that
focuses on psycholinguistic processes isolated from social context.
The present study was an attempt to investigate whether scaffolding, one of the key constructs of SCT, had any significant
effect on complexity and accuracy of Iranian EFL learners' narrative writing.

You are invited to submit a paper for possible inclusion in a special issue of Global journal of Foreign Language Teaching.  The journal welcomes articles and book reviews in keeping with editorial policy. GJFLT is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of significant research findings of an empirical, experimental or conceptual qualitative nature in the broad field of language studies, applied linguistics and foreign language teaching. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
It may be pointed out that publishing in GJFLT is free of charge.
Current issue : http://www.sproc.org/ojs/index.php/GJFLT/issue/view/29
Email :  [email protected]  , [email protected]
Best regards,
Ali Rahimi, Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics
Editor-in-chief, Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching

Teacher self-disclosure (TSD) as a communication behavior can influence students' learning by increasing their engagement and class participation as well as helping them establish effective interpersonal relationships. Owning to its context-sensitive and culture-dependent nature, however, TSD topics, purposes, and considerations may vary cross-culturally. This study was an attempt to explore Iranian EFL teachers' perceptions of appropriateness of TSD as well as to investigate whether there was a significant difference between male and female teachers' perceptions of appropriateness of TSD. To this end, the Appropriateness of Teacher Self-Disclosure Scale was distributed among 68 Iranian EFL teachers (34 females and 34 males) from six language institutes.

This study is going to
present whether language is at the service of religion or there is a separate category namely
religious language. It aims at expanding upon this point and intends to scrutinize different
viewpoints about language and religion. We established a basic framework of ground rules for
discussions according to "Religious Language" written by Peter Donovan and "Religion and the
Making of Society" written by Charles Davis. This argumentative topic is discussed in three
main points in this study. A compendious description on the necessary facts about the
epistemological and ontological aspects of language and religion has been provided in the first
part. A compilation of different articles and books has been reviewed to elicit different
perspectives on language and religion in relation to each other. It was done through explaining
the factual and fictional, meaningful and meaningless differences in this area. The other section
discusses diverse strategies used in theological texts and religious languages and their impact on
the transmission of religious ideologies.

We are the hazard, the shock, the menace,
The chance, the luck, the talisman, the spill, the providence,
We are the thunder without any angelic frock,
We are the typhoon without any tricks and politic,
We are the warrior on Himalayan bedrock,
brutal heartattack ,
Revenge is a dish best served cold,

Bilingualism and multilingualism are indispensable necessity of everyday life for the majority of the
world's population. According to Romaine (1995), “linguists estimate that there are roughly 6800
languages in the world, but only about 200 nation-states.

His fanatic frenzy, fantastic fire, and furious flame,
His zany zest, zooming zone of zeal,
He was  a megastar, yes he was a sultan, an icon,
He was the object of interests,
His presence was a grace, shinier than the sun,
People cherished him as if he was a redeemer, a messiah, 
A stunner, a winner in the corridors of power,
He would crack the whip, was the top dog, the big cheese,
Like a fat cat on his big yacht,

He observes the vibe and hardships of people,
All went away, to some other place, 
To pollute it, or just harmonize and gather?
They are now together,
In the face of frightening self, egos and alter egos, difference, and the alien inside.

Dance to fire inside, celebrate,
Fierce forceful flood of full-blooded foray, liberate,
Fire of love and passion, that’s fortunate,
Bright days to anticipate,
We will celebrate, friend, eternal fun will dominate,
We are colourful, vibrant, joy will resonate,

Yes , I have made inks out of  your tears,
Music out of your laughters,
Water of life out of your kisses,
Fire of hope out of your fever,
Books of wisdom out of your words,
Elixir of youth out of your eyes,
A healing lotion out of your sweat,

Wednesday, day of Wodan, midweek reflection,
Day of Mercury, poetic and musical inspiration,
Let’s think, use our gray matters for a change,
Cogitate over man’s flaws, love, war, future, and destiny,
Read some Plato, Sartre, Kant, Spinoza, Nietzsche,

Bored with  parental alienation ,suffer  attachment disorders,
Emptiness, loneliness, the  outcome is dysfunctional families, social rejection, 
Spanish Civil War, Second World War,
Collective alienation ,  Crusades and witch-hunt,
Soldiers feel alienated ,  self-sacrifice for common good , to de-alienate,
They deny their  own interests ,  seeking out  ideal satisfaction

Ali Rahimi , 2.28.15
We live our days with cries and laughter,
Just a spot in the  titanic universe , that’s bitter,
We are born to be a savior  , a tycoon, or a leader,
Parents’ desire to be a  defeater, a fantastic winner,
Impose strict control, harsh discipline, massive  pressure,
So too  does the ruthless teacher,

Bought her red roses, like I was on a pilgrim to the shrine,
Or a soldier returning  from the frontline,
Thought  she was a gem, a glittering pearl, a goldmine,
A star dazzling the skyline,
The sun, she would outshine,
She was kind, pious, so divine,
I was there at nine, sharp nine,

Is life a wild goose chase?
Is it a sick dream? A fantasy? Or just a deceptive fallacy?
Could be an error, a bizarre accidental act of lunacy?
A senseless explosion of foolishness and idiocy?
Or a holy orchestrated creation with phenomenal accuracy?
Sinless flawless birth of man, perfect example of wisdom, insight and rationality,
Paragon of kindness and love, epitome of tenderness and sympathy,
Pivot of universe, core of creation, heart of cosmos in ability,

This is the desert of scorching  heat and sun,
Dryness, the fire inside, where is the fun?
Barren uncultivated land of silence and gun,
Beware! Slaughterhouse, carnage has begun,
Hey brother! Hey sister! Run! Run! Run!, 
We still blink, shriek, but we are all skinned,
There are different way to skin a man,
Mentally, emotionally nailed, smashed and pinned,

A myriad of parameters may affect teachers’ professional practice and identity formation. The fact is that teacher identity development may be formed or reformed by a large number of norms and values. Macro -structural and micro- structural elements encompassing sociopolitical, cultural as well as personal specificities  can shape or reshape teachers’ manner and praxis of teacher identity formation.

Here's the link to my latest speech on this  topic:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4qwva4qNH4

My Youtube  channel: 

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdwiYYYLoZIiJRJmb74j61g

Call For Abstracts
The First Conference on Language Focus
Linguistics , Language Teaching,  Translation and Literature
Urmia,  LTTL1  October 5, 6 2017

Website link :  www.lttlu.ir

Keynote Speakers  :
Alireza Jalilifar:  Shahid Chamran University
Birsen Tütünis:  University of Sussex
Ali Rahimi:        Bangkok University
Cem Can:          Cukurova University

Poetry, Ideology and Persuasive Rhetoric

In the postmodern world of contradictions and paradoxes, poetry can be the fusion of fact and fiction, science, fantasy, abstract, and concrete phenomena.  It can be the combination of positive and negative emotions, irresistible enchantment with hope and an equally intense fascination by cynicism and skepticism; the ironic symbiosis of conflicts and catharsis in human life. It lucidly depicts the mutailistic fatalistic togetherness of grisly beautiful bipolar state of affairs. It’s the embodiment of a futuristic blend of rationality, logic, and human imbecility. It is impossible to overlook the merits of literary works and literary criticism specifically poetry as an intricate formal system that encompasses subtle linguistic maneuvers. Poetry employs structures and  conventions to elucidate diverse interpretation of words, or to evoke emotions of pleasure and pain. Literary devices such as alliteration, rhythm and onomatopoeia are used to create musical harmony and artistic satisfaction. Figures of speech such as irony, metaphor, simile, oxymoron render interpretation of poetry a formidable task, a difficult nettle to grasp indeed.
Poetry is in fact the spirit which invigorates the appreciation of human felicity, follies, foibles and failures. Readers can decipher the meaning, the impression of overpowering beauty and symmetry of words. It can be pointed out, however, that we cannot conceive even the simplest and most rudimentary lines of poetic language without discernment of the relevant rhetoric in the poets’ mind. Their persuasive discourse replete with literary figures manifest their oratory eloquence or bombastic magniloquence indicative of ideologically hegemonic discourse.
The compendium  of  my poems vividly elucidate pleasure, pain, misery, human lunacy, social ills, excitement, ecstasy, nostalgia, melancholy, solitude, oppression, avarice, envy, hypocrisy, crime, injustice, love, passion, etc.

Please follow the link below:

https://www.poemhunter.com/ali-rahimi/poems/

Critical studies focus on fairness, justice, democratic education, and student support. They are supposed to be a safeguard against muddled thinking, fallacious arguments, and illogical implausible claims, etc. The cornerstone of this project is to put forward an insight into the discursive structures of various texts, genres and cultures together with their socio-political effects. It also aims at detecting the potential pitfalls of CDA studies since any theory or paradigm is susceptible to the likelihood of turning into an institution or instrument of power itself, bitterly ironically. Strangely enough, individuals who never kick over the traces have embarked on CDA studies. What's more, some misperceptions misapplications and misinterpretations inflicting CDA will be demystified. Jumping on the bandwagon of CDA ! due to its dominance and popularity is a difficult nettle to grasp and an unfortunate event, let's call a spade a spade.

Critical studies focus on fairness, justice, democratic education, and student support. They are supposed to be a safeguard against muddled thinking, fallacious arguments, and illogical implausible claims, etc. The cornerstone of this project is to put forward an insight into the discursive structures of various texts, genres and cultures together with their socio-political effects. It also aims at detecting the potential pitfalls of CDA studies since any theory or paradigm is susceptible to the likelihood of turning into an institution or instrument of power itself, bitterly ironically. Strangely enough, individuals who never kick over the traces have embarked on CDA studies. What's more, some misperceptions misapplications and misinterpretations inflicting CDA will be demystified. Jumping on the bandwagon of CDA ! due to its dominance and popularity is a difficult nettle to grasp and an unfortunate event, let's call a spade a spade.

Immigration is considered as one of the recent issues in the world today. Many problems naturally arise from this phenomenon for both the host countries and the homelands of immigrants. The aim of the present study is recognizing the incentives of Iranians for immigration. For this purpose, by considering the research literature (the push and pull theory) the factors provoking immigration in Iran were investigated and the economic, social, and affective factors were taken into account. A research questionnaire was planned and distributed among 480 residents in twenty two districts of Tehran. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Warp PLS software. In this research, attention to affective factor for immigration in the Iranian context can be viewed as a new idea in the related literature. However, the mere use of a quantitative method for analyzing such a complex phenomenon which has different complicated structural and social layers is considered as one of the limitations of the present study.