International Relations

The study explores how humanitarian practitioners understand and deal with corruption while working in humanitarian settings. By exploring the notion of corruption within the humanitarian sector, the research furthers a better understanding of the appropriateness of anticorruption tools applied in humanitarian settings. By doing so, the study contributes to debates within the aid sector about corruption and the tools, measures and policies needed to tackle it.

Se dicen muchas cosas de África, se habla del hambre, la pobreza, la desnutrición. Se habla de los inmensos campos de refugiados, los diamantes, los safaris y las innumerables enfermedades. Pero casi no se habla de los misterios y la magia que el continente esconde.

At the time of its creation, the UN was equipped with six main bodies among them stands the Security Council (SC). This body is the depositary of the mandate of keeping international peace and security. To fulfill its purpose, the Charter of the UN gives the SC some tools to make it work as the conciliating body in times of international tension and to avoid any possible armed conflict.
Among its attributions, the SC has the power to authorize interventions. That is why it has the authority to define the existence and cause of a threat to international security, of deciding the best answer to that threat and enforce its decisions through resolutions.

The end of the Cold War led to a change in the way the international community acted. The SC modified the practices that have been common during the last forty-five years. The end of bipolarity in the international system was reflected in the decisions of the Council. The vetos, for the most part, were substituted by abstentions as an expression of disagreement of the permanent members for the resolution, with no need to use the veto, unless it was totally against the interests of the permanent members.  Despite the veto, now the conflicts can be solved.

During the years following the end of the Cold War, the resolutions adopted by the SC under Chapter VII of the Charter of the UN have been reiterative.

Before 1990, the Council adopted only twenty-two of such resolutions; after that year the number of them had been incremented considerably.
In this sense, it can be argued that if there exists an increase in the resolutions approving intervention, then it can be thought that the UN SC is fulfilling its responsibility and function. Nevertheless, some conflicts have brought into question the decisions of the SC.
Although SC uses repeatedly Chapter VII, its appeal seems discriminatory, biased, and partial. It is, therefore, necessary
to consider why it intervenes in some cases and not in others.
This study seeks to answer the previous question, taking into account three
possible reasons for the SC to intervene. The first takes into account the geostrategic interests that the realists appealed in their theories when speaking of interventions. The second exposes the weight of the humanitarian factors to realize an intervention. The third and last is based on the hypothesis that media is a determining factor for the interventions after the Cold War.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence, which is concerned with developing methods to process and generate language at scale. Modern NLP tools have the potential to support humanitarian action at multiple stages of the humanitarian response cycle. Both internal reports, secondary text data (e.g., social media data, news media articles, or interviews with affected individuals), and external-facing documents like Humanitarian Needs Overviews (HNOs) encode information relevant to monitoring, anticipating, or responding to humanitarian crises. Yet, lack of awareness of the concrete opportunities offered by state-of-the-art techniques, as well as constraints posed by resource scarcity, limit adoption of NLP tools in the humanitarian sector. This paper provides a pragmatically-minded primer to the emerging field of humanitarian NLP, reviewing existing initiatives in the space of humani...

O Brasil é hoje objeto de grande interesse analítico, dentro de um grupo seleto de países emergentes, entre os que se destacam os BRICS (grupo for-mado por Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul), em função da crescente influência internacional do país, tanto na esfera econômica quanto na política. Um dos efeitos de se tornar uma potência mundial é a mudança nos padrões dos fluxos de mobilidade. O Brasil ocupa um lugar intermediário: por um lado, surge a necessidade de remover obstáculos à imigração qualificada para sustentar o crescimento econômico de um Estado em grande desenvolvi-mento. Por outro, é preciso controlar a pressão migratória procedente de paí-ses vizinhos menos prósperos, mas também as migrações internas das zonas rurais mais pobres para as grandes cidades. Em 2011, o número de imigrantes regulares no país aumentou em 57%, a maioria deles procedentes de países da região 1 , mas também subiu o número de imigrantes irregulares, o que obrigou o governo a dar respo...