De manière plutôt surprenante, il existe assez peu de recherches d’histoire sociale ou de démogra... more De manière plutôt surprenante, il existe assez peu de recherches d’histoire sociale ou de démographie historique sur la pratique du divorce en France à la fin du xixe siècle et au début du xxe. Sur les banlieues, le silence est total alors qu’elles offrent un cadre singulier pour le recours au divorce, surtout à partir de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle qui voit son explosion. Il s’agit en effet de territoires marqués par un fort brassage de population, par un encadrement religieux souvent plus relâché et par un travail féminin important. Cet environnement mérite une étude spécifique, dans le cas présent à partir du cas des périphéries parisiennes à travers deux communes : Ivry-sur-Seine et Noisy-le-Sec. L’analyse porte tout d’abord sur les renseignements statistiques établis à l’époque par la Statistique générale de la France et le service de la statistique municipale de Paris : il en ressort un niveau de divortialité globalement supérieur à la moyenne nationale, mais inférieur à celui de Paris même, niveau en outre marqué par d’importantes variations entre communes banlieusardes. L’article compare ensuite, à Noisy-le-Sec et à Ivry, les caractéristiques au mariage (états matrimoniaux, âges, origines sociales, géographiques et culturelles, présence de l’entourage, etc.) des hommes et des femmes qui ont divorcé à celles des conjoints qui sont restés mariés : en passant en revue les facteurs, présents lors du mariage, qui ont pu accroître ou au contraire restreindre à court ou moyen terme le risque d’une rupture d’union, nous cherchons à tester nos principales hypothèses sur le rôle du détachement communautaire (mobilité, arrivée dans un cadre social en transformation rapide, réseau parentélaire local réduit, etc.) que le cadre banlieusard, dans sa diversité, serait susceptible de favoriser.
L’objet de cette etude est de mettre en evidence sur le temps long, tant d’un point de vue theori... more L’objet de cette etude est de mettre en evidence sur le temps long, tant d’un point de vue theorique qu’empirique, les interactions entre l’evolution de la population et de ses composantes demographiques, et certains processus et facteurs economiques. Une attention particuliere est accordee aux relations entre fecondite et economie dans le cadre des principales crises economiques qui ont emaille l’histoire de la Belgique au cours des derniers siecles. Ces periodes de recession ont necessite de la part des populations affectees la mise en place de strategies d’ajustement, notamment demographiques. Si dans les exemples presentes, ce sont le plus souvent les facteurs economiques qui determinent les comportements demographiques, il convient de souligner les implications socioeconomiques du vieillissement demographique – un processus amorce il y a pres de 150 ans – actuel et futur en termes de financement des pensions ou encore d’organisation du systeme de protection sociale.
We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nomina... more We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nominal census of Paris of 1926, 1931 and 1936, each composed of about 100,000 handwritten simple pages in a tabular format. We created a complete pipeline that goes from the scan of double pages to text prediction while minimizing the need for segmentation labels. We describe how weighted finite state transducers, writer specialization and self-training further improved our results. We also introduce through this communication two annotated datasets for handwriting recognition that are now publicly available, and an open-source toolkit to apply WFST on CTC lattices.
Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse... more Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse field of research. Focusing on the United States and France, this article reviews existing literature to answer three questions that are prerequisites for theorizing singlehood (1) What is singlehood? We first discuss the diversity of terms used in ordinary language to designate singles, and the different statistical measures that coexist in the scholarly literature. (2) Who and how many are single? We show that different definitions lead to different counts of the single population and discuss the driving forces behind the rise in singlehood. (3) What is new? Drawing on literature on the couple norm and the single lifestyle, we then turn to the question of the specificity of the contemporary era. In the last section, we discuss the implications for theorizing singlehood. The answers to all three questions lead us to promote a life course approach to singlehood.
International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2022
We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nomina... more We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nominal census of Paris of 1926, 1931 and 1936, each composed of about 100,000 handwritten simple pages in a tabular format. We created a complete pipeline that goes from the scan of double pages to text prediction while minimizing the need for segmentation labels. We describe how weighted finite state transducers, writer specialization and self-training further improved our results. We also introduce through this communication two annotated datasets for handwriting recognition that are now publicly available, and an open-source toolkit to apply WFST on CTC lattices.
Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse... more Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse field of research. Focusing on the United States and France, this article reviews existing literature to answer three questions that are prerequisites for theorizing singlehood (1) What is singlehood? We first discuss the diversity of terms used in ordinary language to designate singles, and the different statistical measures that coexist in the scholarly literature. (2) Who and how many are single? We show that different definitions lead to different counts of the single population and discuss the driving forces behind the rise in singlehood. (3) What is new? Drawing on literature on the couple norm and the single lifestyle, we then turn to the question of the specificity of the contemporary era. In the last section, we discuss the implications for theorizing singlehood. The answers to all three questions lead us to promote a life course approach to singlehood.
Book chapter. Sixteenth Conference of the CUDEP (University Conference of Demographic studies), A... more Book chapter. Sixteenth Conference of the CUDEP (University Conference of Demographic studies), Aix-en-Provence, France (May 2013).
Parisiennes Citoyennes, Engagements pour l'émancipation des femmes 1789-2000, 2022
Brée Sandra, « Repères démographiques » in Bard Christine, Parisiennes Citoyennes, Engagements po... more Brée Sandra, « Repères démographiques » in Bard Christine, Parisiennes Citoyennes, Engagements pour l'émancipation des femmes 1789-2000, 2 Repères démographiques sur la population parisiennes (1789-2000)
Article d’encyclopédie en ligneJusqu’au milieu du xviiie siècle, la procréation en dehors du mari... more Article d’encyclopédie en ligneJusqu’au milieu du xviiie siècle, la procréation en dehors du mariage est encore un comportement marginal même si elle est admise dans certains pays européens comme conséquence éventuelle du rituel de séduction prémarital. Ces naissances, alors appelées « illégitimes » ou « naturelles », augmentent ensuite alors que l’Europe s’industrialise et s’urbanise. C’est dans les villes, en effet, loin du contrôle social, familial et religieux des campagnes, que la natalité hors mariage est la plus fréquente, conséquence de relations à plus ou moins long terme ou de circonstances plus dramatiques comme la prostitution ou le viol. Après une hausse des naissances hors mariage pendant les deux guerres mondiales, c’est surtout à partir des années 1970 que leur nombre s’accroît très fortement et très rapidement. Le mariage cesse alors d’être une norme et de plus en plus de couples cohabitent et ont des enfants sans se marier. Aujourd’hui, près de 45 % des enfants eur...
Launching Conference of the European Society of Historical Demography, Alghero, Italy, September ... more Launching Conference of the European Society of Historical Demography, Alghero, Italy, September 2014. With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries tha... more The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries that were the precursors of this historic decline. But, if research has focused on the mechanisms of the adoption of birth control, studies about the changes in fertility in cities are less frequent. To fill this gap, this article proposes to study Paris, the city where the lowest marital fertility levels were measured during the 19th century (Brée, 2017; 10.4000/lectures.22911). The objective of this paper is to understand the spread of this intensive birth control on an intraurban scale. This approach is original because there is almost no study that examines 19th century changes in fertility on an intraurban scale. We use spatial statistics and spatial panel modelling to consider both the incidence of birth control behaviour and the socio-economic characteristics of the districts studied, and those of the neighbouring districts, to distinguish between adaptation and diffusion effects. These methods constitute another originality of the article insofar as this type of model remains very little used in historical demography. The results highlight important spatial disparities within Paris. We also show both the importance of the social composition on the level of fertility in the districts and the strong effect of the behaviours in the neighbouring districts in the fertility change.
The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries tha... more The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries that were the precursors of this historic decline. But, if research has focused on the mechanisms of the adoption of birth control, studies about the changes in fertility in cities are less frequent. To fill this gap, this article proposes to study Paris, the city where the lowest marital fertility levels were measured during the 19th century (Brée, 2017; 10.4000/lectures.22911). The objective of this paper is to understand the spread of this intensive birth control on an intraurban scale. This approach is original because there is almost no study that examines 19th century changes in fertility on an intraurban scale. We use spatial statistics and spatial panel modelling to consider both the incidence of birth control behaviour and the socio-economic characteristics of the districts studied, and those of the neighbouring districts, to distinguish between adaptation and diffusion effects. These methods constitute another originality of the article insofar as this type of model remains very little used in historical demography. The results highlight important spatial disparities within Paris. We also show both the importance of the social composition on the level of fertility in the districts and the strong effect of the behaviours in the neighbouring districts in the fertility change.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between fertility and the social class... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between fertility and the social class of women whose reproductive lives took place during the first decades of the 20th century in France and Belgium. The educational level of these women is considered as a measure of social belonging and the analysis is based on the use of retrospective data from the Belgian population censuses and the Family surveys conducted in France. During this « end of transition » period, marked by socio-economic and political contexts of crisis, are there significant fertility differences between social categories? And do the « mechanisms » of fertility restriction (stopping behaviours, postponement of birth, permanent celibacy, etc.) vary according to these categories? Analyses show that fertility decline is generalized, regardless of women’s social class, but occurs to varying degrees. The anteriority of the movement in a particular group is difficult to confirm, as the historical perspective of the data does not allow us to observe the first signs of fertility dropout. Stopping behaviours are the most widespread, with increasingly effective birth control, especially at the top of the social pyramid.
De manière plutôt surprenante, il existe assez peu de recherches d’histoire sociale ou de démogra... more De manière plutôt surprenante, il existe assez peu de recherches d’histoire sociale ou de démographie historique sur la pratique du divorce en France à la fin du xixe siècle et au début du xxe. Sur les banlieues, le silence est total alors qu’elles offrent un cadre singulier pour le recours au divorce, surtout à partir de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle qui voit son explosion. Il s’agit en effet de territoires marqués par un fort brassage de population, par un encadrement religieux souvent plus relâché et par un travail féminin important. Cet environnement mérite une étude spécifique, dans le cas présent à partir du cas des périphéries parisiennes à travers deux communes : Ivry-sur-Seine et Noisy-le-Sec. L’analyse porte tout d’abord sur les renseignements statistiques établis à l’époque par la Statistique générale de la France et le service de la statistique municipale de Paris : il en ressort un niveau de divortialité globalement supérieur à la moyenne nationale, mais inférieur à celui de Paris même, niveau en outre marqué par d’importantes variations entre communes banlieusardes. L’article compare ensuite, à Noisy-le-Sec et à Ivry, les caractéristiques au mariage (états matrimoniaux, âges, origines sociales, géographiques et culturelles, présence de l’entourage, etc.) des hommes et des femmes qui ont divorcé à celles des conjoints qui sont restés mariés : en passant en revue les facteurs, présents lors du mariage, qui ont pu accroître ou au contraire restreindre à court ou moyen terme le risque d’une rupture d’union, nous cherchons à tester nos principales hypothèses sur le rôle du détachement communautaire (mobilité, arrivée dans un cadre social en transformation rapide, réseau parentélaire local réduit, etc.) que le cadre banlieusard, dans sa diversité, serait susceptible de favoriser.
L’objet de cette etude est de mettre en evidence sur le temps long, tant d’un point de vue theori... more L’objet de cette etude est de mettre en evidence sur le temps long, tant d’un point de vue theorique qu’empirique, les interactions entre l’evolution de la population et de ses composantes demographiques, et certains processus et facteurs economiques. Une attention particuliere est accordee aux relations entre fecondite et economie dans le cadre des principales crises economiques qui ont emaille l’histoire de la Belgique au cours des derniers siecles. Ces periodes de recession ont necessite de la part des populations affectees la mise en place de strategies d’ajustement, notamment demographiques. Si dans les exemples presentes, ce sont le plus souvent les facteurs economiques qui determinent les comportements demographiques, il convient de souligner les implications socioeconomiques du vieillissement demographique – un processus amorce il y a pres de 150 ans – actuel et futur en termes de financement des pensions ou encore d’organisation du systeme de protection sociale.
We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nomina... more We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nominal census of Paris of 1926, 1931 and 1936, each composed of about 100,000 handwritten simple pages in a tabular format. We created a complete pipeline that goes from the scan of double pages to text prediction while minimizing the need for segmentation labels. We describe how weighted finite state transducers, writer specialization and self-training further improved our results. We also introduce through this communication two annotated datasets for handwriting recognition that are now publicly available, and an open-source toolkit to apply WFST on CTC lattices.
Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse... more Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse field of research. Focusing on the United States and France, this article reviews existing literature to answer three questions that are prerequisites for theorizing singlehood (1) What is singlehood? We first discuss the diversity of terms used in ordinary language to designate singles, and the different statistical measures that coexist in the scholarly literature. (2) Who and how many are single? We show that different definitions lead to different counts of the single population and discuss the driving forces behind the rise in singlehood. (3) What is new? Drawing on literature on the couple norm and the single lifestyle, we then turn to the question of the specificity of the contemporary era. In the last section, we discuss the implications for theorizing singlehood. The answers to all three questions lead us to promote a life course approach to singlehood.
International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2022
We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nomina... more We aim to build a vast database (up to 9 million individuals) from the handwritten tabular nominal census of Paris of 1926, 1931 and 1936, each composed of about 100,000 handwritten simple pages in a tabular format. We created a complete pipeline that goes from the scan of double pages to text prediction while minimizing the need for segmentation labels. We describe how weighted finite state transducers, writer specialization and self-training further improved our results. We also introduce through this communication two annotated datasets for handwriting recognition that are now publicly available, and an open-source toolkit to apply WFST on CTC lattices.
Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse... more Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse field of research. Focusing on the United States and France, this article reviews existing literature to answer three questions that are prerequisites for theorizing singlehood (1) What is singlehood? We first discuss the diversity of terms used in ordinary language to designate singles, and the different statistical measures that coexist in the scholarly literature. (2) Who and how many are single? We show that different definitions lead to different counts of the single population and discuss the driving forces behind the rise in singlehood. (3) What is new? Drawing on literature on the couple norm and the single lifestyle, we then turn to the question of the specificity of the contemporary era. In the last section, we discuss the implications for theorizing singlehood. The answers to all three questions lead us to promote a life course approach to singlehood.
Book chapter. Sixteenth Conference of the CUDEP (University Conference of Demographic studies), A... more Book chapter. Sixteenth Conference of the CUDEP (University Conference of Demographic studies), Aix-en-Provence, France (May 2013).
Parisiennes Citoyennes, Engagements pour l'émancipation des femmes 1789-2000, 2022
Brée Sandra, « Repères démographiques » in Bard Christine, Parisiennes Citoyennes, Engagements po... more Brée Sandra, « Repères démographiques » in Bard Christine, Parisiennes Citoyennes, Engagements pour l'émancipation des femmes 1789-2000, 2 Repères démographiques sur la population parisiennes (1789-2000)
Article d’encyclopédie en ligneJusqu’au milieu du xviiie siècle, la procréation en dehors du mari... more Article d’encyclopédie en ligneJusqu’au milieu du xviiie siècle, la procréation en dehors du mariage est encore un comportement marginal même si elle est admise dans certains pays européens comme conséquence éventuelle du rituel de séduction prémarital. Ces naissances, alors appelées « illégitimes » ou « naturelles », augmentent ensuite alors que l’Europe s’industrialise et s’urbanise. C’est dans les villes, en effet, loin du contrôle social, familial et religieux des campagnes, que la natalité hors mariage est la plus fréquente, conséquence de relations à plus ou moins long terme ou de circonstances plus dramatiques comme la prostitution ou le viol. Après une hausse des naissances hors mariage pendant les deux guerres mondiales, c’est surtout à partir des années 1970 que leur nombre s’accroît très fortement et très rapidement. Le mariage cesse alors d’être une norme et de plus en plus de couples cohabitent et ont des enfants sans se marier. Aujourd’hui, près de 45 % des enfants eur...
Launching Conference of the European Society of Historical Demography, Alghero, Italy, September ... more Launching Conference of the European Society of Historical Demography, Alghero, Italy, September 2014. With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries tha... more The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries that were the precursors of this historic decline. But, if research has focused on the mechanisms of the adoption of birth control, studies about the changes in fertility in cities are less frequent. To fill this gap, this article proposes to study Paris, the city where the lowest marital fertility levels were measured during the 19th century (Brée, 2017; 10.4000/lectures.22911). The objective of this paper is to understand the spread of this intensive birth control on an intraurban scale. This approach is original because there is almost no study that examines 19th century changes in fertility on an intraurban scale. We use spatial statistics and spatial panel modelling to consider both the incidence of birth control behaviour and the socio-economic characteristics of the districts studied, and those of the neighbouring districts, to distinguish between adaptation and diffusion effects. These methods constitute another originality of the article insofar as this type of model remains very little used in historical demography. The results highlight important spatial disparities within Paris. We also show both the importance of the social composition on the level of fertility in the districts and the strong effect of the behaviours in the neighbouring districts in the fertility change.
The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries tha... more The decline in fertility has been the subject of much research, particularly on the countries that were the precursors of this historic decline. But, if research has focused on the mechanisms of the adoption of birth control, studies about the changes in fertility in cities are less frequent. To fill this gap, this article proposes to study Paris, the city where the lowest marital fertility levels were measured during the 19th century (Brée, 2017; 10.4000/lectures.22911). The objective of this paper is to understand the spread of this intensive birth control on an intraurban scale. This approach is original because there is almost no study that examines 19th century changes in fertility on an intraurban scale. We use spatial statistics and spatial panel modelling to consider both the incidence of birth control behaviour and the socio-economic characteristics of the districts studied, and those of the neighbouring districts, to distinguish between adaptation and diffusion effects. These methods constitute another originality of the article insofar as this type of model remains very little used in historical demography. The results highlight important spatial disparities within Paris. We also show both the importance of the social composition on the level of fertility in the districts and the strong effect of the behaviours in the neighbouring districts in the fertility change.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between fertility and the social class... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between fertility and the social class of women whose reproductive lives took place during the first decades of the 20th century in France and Belgium. The educational level of these women is considered as a measure of social belonging and the analysis is based on the use of retrospective data from the Belgian population censuses and the Family surveys conducted in France. During this « end of transition » period, marked by socio-economic and political contexts of crisis, are there significant fertility differences between social categories? And do the « mechanisms » of fertility restriction (stopping behaviours, postponement of birth, permanent celibacy, etc.) vary according to these categories? Analyses show that fertility decline is generalized, regardless of women’s social class, but occurs to varying degrees. The anteriority of the movement in a particular group is difficult to confirm, as the historical perspective of the data does not allow us to observe the first signs of fertility dropout. Stopping behaviours are the most widespread, with increasingly effective birth control, especially at the top of the social pyramid.
Communication présentée au XVIe colloque de la CUDEP, Les populations vulnérables et à paraître d... more Communication présentée au XVIe colloque de la CUDEP, Les populations vulnérables et à paraître dans les actes du colloque
European Population Conference, Budapest, Hungary, June 2014.
With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Pau... more European Population Conference, Budapest, Hungary, June 2014. With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
At the 2014 Quetelet seminar 2014, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 2014.
With Thierry Eggerc... more At the 2014 Quetelet seminar 2014, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 2014.
With Thierry Eggercickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
Launching Conference of the European Society of Historical Demography, Alghero, Italy, September ... more Launching Conference of the European Society of Historical Demography, Alghero, Italy, September 2014.
With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
Midis de la recherche, Center for Demographic Research seminars, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, June ... more Midis de la recherche, Center for Demographic Research seminars, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, June 2014
Au siècle de la restriction des naissances en France, la capitale et sa région est un cadre d’an... more Au siècle de la restriction des naissances en France, la capitale et sa région est un cadre d’analyse privilégié pour approfondir la connaissance sur la transition démographique. Après un travail de recherche des méthodes et des sources convenant aux problématiques envisagées, cette recherche a pour but, grâce à une analyse agrégative, de comprendre le mouvement de la fécondité à Paris (à l’échelle de la ville, des arrondissements et quartiers) et dans sa région (à l’échelle départementale puis communale) au XIXe siècle en distinguant fécondité légitime et illégitime (et les couples concubins des « filles-mères » pour cette dernière). Le deuxième axe de la recherche consiste ensuite à saisir les déterminants économiques, sociaux, culturels ou démographiques pouvant expliquer la différenciation spatiale des comportements féconds.
"Divorcer autrefois ? La séparation matrimoniale du Moyen-Age au XXe siècle. Mondes européens et ... more "Divorcer autrefois ? La séparation matrimoniale du Moyen-Age au XXe siècle. Mondes européens et extra-européens"
Lundi 12 juin : Présentation de Paris l'inféconde centrée sur l'illégitimité dans le séminaire Hi... more Lundi 12 juin : Présentation de Paris l'inféconde centrée sur l'illégitimité dans le séminaire Histoire de la filiation : II. bâtardise, légitimation, adoption (Paris, EHESS, salle 6, 105 bd Raspail 75006 Paris)
How did WWI affect the love lives of ordinary citizens and their interactions as couples? This bo... more How did WWI affect the love lives of ordinary citizens and their interactions as couples? This book focuses on how dramatic changes in living conditions affected key parts of the life course of ordinary citizens: marriage and divorce. Innovative in bringing together demographic and gender perspectives, contributions in this comparative volume draw on newly available micro-level data, as well as qualitative sources such as war diaries. In a first exploration intended to incite further research, it asks how patterns of marriage and divorce were affected by the war across Europe, and what the role of enduring change - or lack thereof - in gender relations was in shaping these patterns.
The nineteenth century marks a turning point for the French population as it is the century of urbanization, industrialization and demographic transition. Although France was, as early as the middle of the eighteenth century, the precursor of the decline of fertility, it is in the capital that birth control was the strongest. Paris, which is experiencing profound upheavals throughout the century (urban enlargements , strong immigration socio-economic changes), adopts a Malthusian attitude towards fertility. At different scales, from neighborhood to district, from Paris to suburban towns, Sandra Brée measures and analyzes not only marital fertility, but also the "illegitimate" one, that of births outside marriage, free unions or fleeting loves. She gives a subtle portrait of the demographic behavior of city dwellers, influenced by their social, marital and geographical conditions. The historical survey thus reveals a fascinating demographic laboratory. Throughout the pages, a revolutionary Paris appears in its fertility behaviors, affirming, even in this domain, a desire for emancipation.
Appel à communications pour le prochain colloque de la Société de Démographie Historique "Divorce... more Appel à communications pour le prochain colloque de la Société de Démographie Historique "Divorcer autrefois ? La séparation matrimoniale de l'Antiquité au XXe siècle. Mondes européens et extra-européens".
Call for papers for the next conference of the Société de Démographie Historique : "Divorce in the past? Matrimonial separation from Antiquity until the 20th century. European and non-European worlds"
Uploads
L’analyse porte tout d’abord sur les renseignements statistiques établis à l’époque par la Statistique générale de la France et le service de la statistique municipale de Paris : il en ressort un niveau de divortialité globalement supérieur à la moyenne nationale, mais inférieur à celui de Paris même, niveau en outre marqué par d’importantes variations entre communes banlieusardes. L’article compare ensuite, à Noisy-le-Sec et à Ivry, les caractéristiques au mariage (états matrimoniaux, âges, origines sociales, géographiques et culturelles, présence de l’entourage, etc.) des hommes et des femmes qui ont divorcé à celles des conjoints qui sont restés mariés : en passant en revue les facteurs, présents lors du mariage, qui ont pu accroître ou au contraire restreindre à court ou moyen terme le risque d’une rupture d’union, nous cherchons à tester nos principales hypothèses sur le rôle du détachement communautaire (mobilité, arrivée dans un cadre social en transformation rapide, réseau parentélaire local réduit, etc.) que le cadre banlieusard, dans sa diversité, serait susceptible de favoriser.
L’analyse porte tout d’abord sur les renseignements statistiques établis à l’époque par la Statistique générale de la France et le service de la statistique municipale de Paris : il en ressort un niveau de divortialité globalement supérieur à la moyenne nationale, mais inférieur à celui de Paris même, niveau en outre marqué par d’importantes variations entre communes banlieusardes. L’article compare ensuite, à Noisy-le-Sec et à Ivry, les caractéristiques au mariage (états matrimoniaux, âges, origines sociales, géographiques et culturelles, présence de l’entourage, etc.) des hommes et des femmes qui ont divorcé à celles des conjoints qui sont restés mariés : en passant en revue les facteurs, présents lors du mariage, qui ont pu accroître ou au contraire restreindre à court ou moyen terme le risque d’une rupture d’union, nous cherchons à tester nos principales hypothèses sur le rôle du détachement communautaire (mobilité, arrivée dans un cadre social en transformation rapide, réseau parentélaire local réduit, etc.) que le cadre banlieusard, dans sa diversité, serait susceptible de favoriser.
at the International conference
Education and reproduction in low-fertility settings (EDUREP)
Vienna, 2–4 December 2015
With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
With Thierry Eggercickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
With Thierry Eggerickx and Jean-Paul Sanderson
The nineteenth century marks a turning point for the French population as it is the century of urbanization, industrialization and demographic transition. Although France was, as early as the middle of the eighteenth century, the precursor of the decline of fertility, it is in the capital that birth control was the strongest. Paris, which is experiencing profound upheavals throughout the century (urban enlargements , strong immigration socio-economic changes), adopts a Malthusian attitude towards fertility. At different scales, from neighborhood to district, from Paris to suburban towns, Sandra Brée measures and analyzes not only marital fertility, but also the "illegitimate" one, that of births outside marriage, free unions or fleeting loves. She gives a subtle portrait of the demographic behavior of city dwellers, influenced by their social, marital and geographical conditions. The historical survey thus reveals a fascinating demographic laboratory. Throughout the pages, a revolutionary Paris appears in its fertility behaviors, affirming, even in this domain, a desire for emancipation.
Call for papers for the next conference of the Société de Démographie Historique : "Divorce in the past? Matrimonial separation from Antiquity until the 20th century. European and non-European worlds"