Prof. Jignesh G. Bhatt

Conventional electrical grid is transforming into smart grid—an evolutionary solution to satisfy rapidly emerging and vibrantly changing requirements of utilities and customers by intelligently leveraging telemetry concepts of instrumentation and control engineering in form of communication technology network infrastructure. The paper presents analogy of ‘smart grid’ to ‘industrial process’ and ‘communication technology infrastructure’ to ‘instrumentation telemetry’. Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI), monitoring and automation of substations, power network monitoring, Home Automation Network (HAN), Demand Response (DR) and integration of solar PV—have been identified as ‘Critical Applications’ and Reliability, Scalability, Interoperability, Congestion, Energy Efficiency, Latency and Security – have been identified as ‘Critical Parameters’. Review of recent works has been presented for each segment.

A new proposed design based on FPGA for enhancement of PLC Performance and Flexibility.A novel design for PLC that works faster with smaller scan time and compact in size as compared to the conventional PLC.Useful features such as less power consumption and high flexibility due to reconfigurable hardware.Simulation and Testing-Validation of the proposed design by implementation using industry-standard hardware-software platforms.Noteworthy merits such as Cost-effectiveness, Easy Design Migration, User-Friendliness and Simplicity as an Industry-grade Solution.Successful testing of basic functionalities of PLC operations and enhanced GUI.PLC, the core element of modern automation systems, due to serial execution, exhibits limitations like slow speed and poor scan time. Improved PLC design using FPGA has been proposed based on parallel execution mechanism for enhancement of performance and flexibility. Modelsim as simulation platform and VHDL used to translate, integrate and implement the logic circuit in FPGA. Xilinx’s Spartan kit for implementation-testing and VB has been used for GUI development. Salient merits of the design include cost-effectiveness, miniaturization, user-friendliness, simplicity, along with lower power consumption, smaller scan time and higher speed. Various functionalities and applications like typical PLC and industrial alarm annunciator have been developed and successfully tested. Results of simulation, design and implementation have been reported.

With India transforming as matured democracy, the government is focusing upon improving quality of life of citizens by urban renewal and infrastructure development vide ambitious smart cities project. Energy, the electrical power in particular, has been the most crucial and the resource always in scarcity in India and proving itself as a major bottleneck. Therefore, India has been transforming legacy conventional non-smart non-intelligent unidirectional electrical power grids into modern smart grids which are bidirectional and intelligent in nature by leveraging ICT, IoTs, e-Governance and e-Democracy. Smart grids are likely to serve as energy backbones of smart cities and involve high interactive participation of citizens in energy management, based on humanitarian and customer centric approach. Different types of Prosumers (Producers + consumers), their different energy requirements at different timings, different types of energy resources and their switching feasibilities conside...

ABSTRACT Conventional electrical grid is transforming into smart grid—an evolutionary solution to satisfy rapidly emerging and vibrantly changing requirements of utilities and customers by intelligently leveraging telemetry concepts of instrumentation and control engineering in form of communication technology network infrastructure. The paper presents analogy of ‘smart grid’ to ‘industrial process’ and ‘communication technology infrastructure’ to ‘instrumentation telemetry’. Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI), monitoring and automation of substations, power network monitoring, Home Automation Network (HAN), Demand Response (DR) and integration of solar PV—have been identified as ‘Critical Applications’ and Reliability, Scalability, Interoperability, Congestion, Energy Efficiency, Latency and Security – have been identified as ‘Critical Parameters’. Review of recent works has been presented for each segment.

PLC, the core element of modern automation systems, due to serial execution, exhibits limitations like slow speed and poor scan time. Improved PLC design using FPGA has been proposed based on parallel execution mechanism for enhancement of performance and flexibility. Modelsim as simulation platform and VHDL used to translate, integrate and implement the logic circuit in FPGA. Xilinx's Spartan kit for implementation-testing and VB has been used for GUI development. Salient merits of the design include cost-effectiveness, miniaturization, user-friendliness, simplicity, along with lower power consumption, smaller scan time and higher speed. Various functionalities and applications like typical PLC and industrial alarm annunciator have been developed and successfully tested. Results of simulation, design and implementation have been reported.

In broad context, e-Governance is a functional subsystem under e-Democracy, since Governance and hence, entire Government itself is an important section of democracy itself. Hence, smart city development is in fact, the transformation of approach in their futuristic contexts towards responsibilities, interests and rights of all its stakeholders; such as citizens, government, administration, services, utilities, etc. Globally, consistent focus for financial growth and quality of life has ultimately resulted into unprecedented rise in consumption of electrical energy. Electrical power management in India has become a critical issue with rising population, increasing life expectancy, economic growth and, more importantly, due to vibrantly changing and difficult to predict weather. Electrical power supply has always been a resource in deep scarcity in India, so 24 * 7 electricity is an issue causing concern. Efficient decision-making at different levels rely upon reliable availability o...

Automatic Batch Weighing System incorporates various technologies at different hierarchical levels for automation of batch weighing process. The paper reports the work carried out at PG dissertation level and presents the detailed design and implementation of the system for process industries. Sensors and MODBUS-compliant modules are wired to form an RS-485 network at field level, which is connected to a PC based main controller. The design incorporates DataSocket Server, along with HMI based indication and control system. Remote access and control are also availed through intranet/internet. Various functionalities of the proposed system have been validated through laboratory implementation. Keywords-Automation, Human–Machine Interface Design, MODBUS, RS-485, Virtual Instrumentation

ABSTRACT The legacy stand-alone security systems are transforming into intelligent-computerized-network based Building Automation Systems. This paper presents the outcomes of a Post-Graduate Level Project, that aims to develop working pilot models for security as well as for complete automation of a residential building and complex respectively, based on wired networking technology. The paper describes design and implementation of wired security system and wired building automation system along with necessary theoretical background. Development of web-based virtual instrument to run-time couple local/remote monitoring and control of the building has been major outcome. The presented designs have been re-usable with need based customization, simple, user-friendly and validated through implementation.

ABSTRACT Energy generation, distribution and consumption include different personnel at various hierarchical levels such as Production, Transmission and Distribution, Billing, Corporate, including the End User or Consumer. Enabling simple, user-friendly, reliable, efficient, timely and seamless connectivity to critical information to all such personnel remains the most desirable feature and benchmark for Smart City. Reliable availability of critical data on timely basis in desired formats for different decision-making authorities plays key role for successful e-Governance of energy distribution systems. Emerging approaches based on hybrid communication technologies possess capability to transform the present ones into smart, intelligent and adaptive sites and could become basis of exploring more options including anytime–anywhere monitoring in future. Welcome to be the part of transition of epoch and total paradigm shift in the domain of electricity utility services! E-Governance system for Smart City could be well defined as System of Systems, wherein E-Governance of Energy Generation and Distribution functions as vital source of power. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) is the proven method of electricity generation with significant sustainable future potential. Grid-tied PV rooftop system is gaining worldwide acceptance as one of the most widely accepted models for wide-scale deployment due to their simplicity, ease of installation, operation, maintenance, scalability, etc. E-Governance of powergrid implies the responsible and accountable delivery of electrical power assisted or supported by communication devices providing efficient and effective communication between Government to Government (G2G), Business to Employee (B2E), Business to Government (B2G), Business to Citizen (B2C) and finally, Government to Citizen (G2C). Globally, today many cities are adapting e-Governance for enhancement of utility services and improved citizen convenience. Gandhinagar has emerged as the city in India taking leadership in application of advanced hybrid communication technologies and thereby transforming itself into Smart City. Earlier Gandhinagar has been facing frequent power shortages as well as demand–supply fluctuations causing not only inconvenience, but also resulting in large work losses and production losses as well as chaotic situations. With the untiring efforts of visionary and inspirational leadership of Gujarat-India on political-diplomatic-administrative fronts and initiatives such as Gandhinagar Rooftop Photovoltaic Programme, Solar City—Smart Grid Project, etc., have been implemented with efficient, effective and citizen-friendly objectives, wherein Solar Policy of Gujarat state has been of immense support. For sustainable growth and enhanced lifestyle of citizens, reliable and affordable power is a mandatory requirement and Gandhinagar city administration has been doing its best to approach every citizen through hybrid communication network, especially for power distribution and thereby resulting in strong trustworthy relationship of citizens with the government. Today, Gandhinagar is considered to be one of the most advanced and world-class self-reliant city having most resilient power infrastructure in India. Well-planned, systematically designed, and customer-oriented power distribution network encouraging participation of citizens has played key role in making Gandhinagar more liveable and a place to stay today. Complete Gandhinagar has been geographically distributed into separate zones, interested citizens are invited to express their willingness to participate in the programmes and after completion of formalities including registration, document verification, etc., scope and size of SPV installations are fixed up. Commercial aspects such as subsidy, revenue sharing and billing details are worked out on actual basis. Using seamless data connectivity using GUIs based on GPS, GIS and Virtual Instrumentation, real-time data of generation and consumption have been availed to the end user for determination and implementation of his real-time choice to run important equipments, if any. This chapter also includes descriptions on hybrid communication technologies deployed to timely serve need-based information. Remote Energy Parameter Monitoring System using Hybrid Communication Technologies for Solar Photovoltaic Energy Generation System for Gandhinagar Solar City has also been presented. The chapter ends with discussion over transformation of Solar City into Smart City.