Svoboda | Graniru | BBC Russia | Golosameriki | Facebook
skip to main content
research-article

LTE radio analytics made easy and accessible

Published: 17 August 2014 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Despite the rapid growth of next-generation cellular networks, researchers and end-users today have limited visibility into the performance and problems of these networks. As LTE deployments move towards femto and pico cells, even operators struggle to fully understand the propagation and interference patterns affecting their service, particularly indoors. This paper introduces LTEye, the first open platform to monitor and analyze LTE radio performance at a fine temporal and spatial granularity. LTEye accesses the LTE PHY layer without requiring private user information or provider support. It provides deep insights into the PHY-layer protocols deployed in these networks. LTEye's analytics enable researchers and policy makers to uncover serious deficiencies in these networks due to inefficient spectrum utilization and inter-cell interference. In addition, LTEye extends synthetic aperture radar (SAR), widely used for radar and backscatter signals, to operate over cellular signals. This enables businesses and end-users to localize mobile users and capture the distribution of LTE performance across spatial locations in their facility. As a result, they can diagnose problems and better plan deployment of repeaters or femto cells. We implement LTEye on USRP software radios, and present empirical insights and analytics from multiple AT&T and Verizon base stations in our locality.

    References

    [1]
    Linux Advanced Routing and Traffic Control. http://lartc.org.
    [2]
    3gpp. Radio Measurement Collection for Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT). http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/137300_137399/137320/11.03.00_60/ts_137320v110300p.pdf.
    [3]
    3rd Generation Partnership Project. E-UTRA, Physical Channels and Modulation, TS 36.211, v8.9.0. 2010.
    [4]
    3rd Generation Partnership Project. E-UTRA, Radio Resource Control, TS 36.331, v8.9.0. Apr 2010.
    [5]
    3rd Generation Partnership Project. E-UTRA, v8.8.0, Multiplexing and Channel Coding, TS 36.212. 2010.
    [6]
    B. Ayvazian. LTE Deployment Strategies: Network Overlay vs. Single RAN. White Paper: UBM Tech, 2013.
    [7]
    B. Conley. M2M Implications of the 4G LTE Buildout. Remote Magazine, 2013.
    [8]
    USRP N210. http://www.ettus.com. Ettus Inc.
    [9]
    Eurecom. OpenAirInterface. http://www.openairinterface.org/.
    [10]
    Federal Communications Commission. Enabling Innovative Small Cell Use In 3.5 GHZ Band NPRM & Order. FCC 12-148, 2012.
    [11]
    R. Fenby. Limitations on Directional Patterns of Phase-Compensated Circular Arrays. Radio and Electronic Engineer, 1965.
    [12]
    P. J. Fitch. Synthetic Aperture Radar. Springer-Verlag, 1988.
    [13]
    FlexNets Group. Open-Source Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Deployment (OSLD). https://sites.google.com/site/osldproject/.
    [14]
    C. Hsieh-Chung et al. Determining RF Angle of Arrival using COTS Antenna Arrays: A Field Evaluation. In MILCOM, 2012.
    [15]
    J. Huang, F. Qian, A. Gerber, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE Networks. MobiSys, 2012.
    [16]
    J. Huang, F. Qian, Y. Guo, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. An In-depth Study of LTE: Effect of Network Protocol and Application Behavior on Performance. SIGCOMM, 2013.
    [17]
    Huawei. SingleSON Whitepaper. http://www.huawei.com/en/static/SingleSON-75714-1-127574.pdf, 2012.
    [18]
    K. Joshi, S. Hong, and S. Katti. PinPoint: Localizing Interfering Radios. NSDI, 2013.
    [19]
    Y. Kakishima, T. Kawamura, Y. Kishiyama, H. Taoka, and T. Nakamura. Experimental Evaluation on Throughput Performance of Asymmetric Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced. In VTC Spring, 2011.
    [20]
    H. W. Kuhn. The Hungarian Method for the Assignment Problem. NRL Quarterly, 1955.
    [21]
    C. Laurendeau and M. Barbeau. Centroid Localization of Uncooperative Nodes in Wireless Networks Using a Relative Span Weighting Method. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2010.
    [22]
    V. Loscri et al. Carrier Independent Localization Techniques for GSM Terminals. In PIMRC, 2008.
    [23]
    S. J. Orfanidis. Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas. http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/ orfanidi/ewa/.
    [24]
    S. Salvador and P. Chan. Toward Accurate Dynamic Time Warping in Linear Time and Space. IDA, 2007.
    [25]
    Sanjole. The WaveJudge Wireless Test System. http://www.sanjole.com/our-products/wavejudge-test-system/.
    [26]
    M. Solutions. White Paper: Femtocells - The Gateway to the Home. 2010.
    [27]
    J. Sommers and P. Barford. Cell vs. WiFi: On the Performance of Metro Area Mobile Connections. IMC, 2012.
    [28]
    ThinkRF. Product Concept Brief for Distributed and Remote LTE Analysis. http://thinkrf.com/.
    [29]
    J. Wang and D. Katabi. Dude, Where's My Card?: RFID Positioning That Works with Multipath and Non-line of Sight. SIGCOMM, 2013.
    [30]
    J. Xiong and K. Jamieson. ArrayTrack: A Fine-grained Indoor Location System. NSDI, 2013.
    [31]
    J. Xiong and K. Jamieson. SecureArray: Improving WiFi Security with Fine-grained Physical-layer Information. MobiCom, 2013.

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Statistical analysis and characterization of signaling and user traffic of a commercial multi-band LTE systemTelecommunication Systems10.1007/s11235-024-01196-5Online publication date: 5-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Renewable Power Generation Price Prediction and Forecasting Using Machine LearningMicrogrids for Commercial Systems10.1002/9781394167319.ch2(21-47)Online publication date: 25-Feb-2024
    • (2023)FSPLInternational Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science10.34768/amcs-2023-000933:1(103-115)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    Index Terms

    1. LTE radio analytics made easy and accessible

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review  Volume 44, Issue 4
      SIGCOMM'14
      October 2014
      672 pages
      ISSN:0146-4833
      DOI:10.1145/2740070
      Issue’s Table of Contents
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 17 August 2014
      Published in SIGCOMM-CCR Volume 44, Issue 4

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. LTE
      2. PHY
      3. analytics
      4. cellular
      5. wireless

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)328
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)30
      Reflects downloads up to 26 Jul 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Statistical analysis and characterization of signaling and user traffic of a commercial multi-band LTE systemTelecommunication Systems10.1007/s11235-024-01196-5Online publication date: 5-Jul-2024
      • (2024)Renewable Power Generation Price Prediction and Forecasting Using Machine LearningMicrogrids for Commercial Systems10.1002/9781394167319.ch2(21-47)Online publication date: 25-Feb-2024
      • (2023)FSPLInternational Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science10.34768/amcs-2023-000933:1(103-115)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023
      • (2023)Machine Learning Applied to LoRaWAN Network for Improving Fingerprint Localization Accuracy in Dense Urban AreasNetwork10.3390/network30100103:1(199-217)Online publication date: 9-Feb-2023
      • (2023)Blind Modulation Classification of Wi-Fi 6 and 5G signals for Spectrum SensingProceedings of the Int'l ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems10.1145/3616388.3617527(137-145)Online publication date: 30-Oct-2023
      • (2023)The Devil is in the Details: Interrogating Values Embedded in the Allegheny Family Screening ToolProceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency10.1145/3593013.3594081(1292-1310)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2023
      • (2023)Layout Cross-Browser Failure Classification for Mobile Responsive Design Web Applications: Combining Classification Models Using Feature SelectionACM Transactions on the Web10.1145/358051817:4(1-34)Online publication date: 10-Oct-2023
      • (2023)When Free Tier Becomes Free to Enter: A Non-Intrusive Way to Identify Security Cameras with no Cloud SubscriptionProceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security10.1145/3576915.3623083(651-665)Online publication date: 15-Nov-2023
      • (2023)Intelligent Positioning Algorithm Based on CSI Channel ModeInternational Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence10.1142/S021800142359006137:04Online publication date: 11-Mar-2023
      • (2023)Downlink Decoding Based Accurate Measurement of LTE Spectrum TenancyIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2021.312556922:5(2613-2627)Online publication date: 1-May-2023
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      Get Access

      Login options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media