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Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs): A Review

Authors: Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Nadir Adam, Cristiano Tapparello, Hoda Ayatollahi, Wendi HeinzelmanAuthors Info & Claims
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), Volume 14, Issue 2
Article No.: 10, Pages 1 - 50
https://doi.org/10.1145/3183338
Published: 27 April 2018 Publication History
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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are crucial in supporting continuous environmental monitoring, where sensor nodes are deployed and must remain operational to collect and transfer data from the environment to a base-station. However, sensor nodes have limited energy in their primary power storage unit, and this energy may be quickly drained if the sensor node remains operational over long periods of time. Therefore, the idea of harvesting ambient energy from the immediate surroundings of the deployed sensors, to recharge the batteries and to directly power the sensor nodes, has recently been proposed. The deployment of energy harvesting in environmental field systems eliminates the dependency of sensor nodes on battery power, drastically reducing the maintenance costs required to replace batteries. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in energy-harvesting WSNs for environmental monitoring applications, including Animal Tracking, Air Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Monitoring, and Disaster Monitoring to improve the ecosystem and human life. In addition to presenting the technologies for harvesting energy from ambient sources and the protocols that can take advantage of the harvested energy, we present challenges that must be addressed to further advance energy-harvesting-based WSNs, along with some future work directions to address these challenges.

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ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks  Volume 14, Issue 2
May 2018
275 pages
ISSN:1550-4859
EISSN:1550-4867
DOI:10.1145/3203093
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Published: 27 April 2018
Accepted: 01 January 2018
Revised: 01 October 2017
Received: 01 November 2016
Published in TOSN Volume 14, Issue 2

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