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Echo chambers and viral misinformation: Modeling fake news as complex contagion
Fig 6
Effect of echo chamber.
The graph shows the effect of the presence of the echo chamber for the network polarization level with highest effect, as a function of opinion polarization (i.e. 
as a function of Po). In other words, looking at Fig 3, for each level of opinion polarization, it substracts the virality without an echo chamber from peak virality, 
. The dashed line represents the control case where the opinion polarization has been randomly assigned. As can be seen, the presence of an opinion polarized echo chamber has more impact than the presence of one that is not opinion polarized. In the control case, there is little positive interaction between network and opinion polarization. The lower graph shows the same curve for different network sizes, to show that the results are robust for varying network sizes. As can be seen, the effects of having a cluster present actually increases with the network size. Lower graph runs were averaged over 300 iterations, with average degree 8, and 20% of nodes were assigned to be part of echo chamber.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203958.g006