Abstract
Research addressing second language (L2) speech is expanding. Studies increasingly demonstrate that a learner’s first language (L1) filters the L2 input, resulting in learners misperceiving what they have heard. This L1 filter can result in learners perceiving sounds not actually present in the input. We report on a study which explored English consonant clusters and short, unstressed vowel perception of 70 Arabic-, Mandarin-, Spanish-speaking foreign language learners and 19 native English speakers. These are the vowels which speakers from two of the L1s typically insert in their production of English to break up L1-disallowed consonant clusters and the schwa which is documented to cause both perception and production problems. Results show that participants misperceive stimuli containing consonant clusters and counterparts where clusters are broken up by epenthetic/prothetic elements. In line with Sakai, Mari & Colleen Moorman 2018. We call for the inclusion of such findings on perception in pedagogical advice on pronunciation.
APPENDIX: Word list
[mæpθɹi:] versus [mæpθɹi:] | [bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæsep] |
[klɒbkæt] versus [ i klɒbkæt] | [wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛl i m] |
[hɪkspæn] versus [hɪks i pæn] | [bɹɪkbæt] versus [ i bɹɪkbæt] |
[mætklɪf] versus [mæt ə klɪf] | [θɹufɛl] versus [θɹufɛn] |
[gɛɹækst] versus [gɛɹæpst] | [bɹɪkbæt] versus [b i ɹɪkbæt] |
[ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃ ə bɹɪn] | [hɪkspæn] versus [hɪk i spæn] |
[bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæsp] | [bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæsp e ] |
[kæɹənt] versus [kæɹənt ə ] | [gɛɹækst] versus [fɛɹækst] |
[gɛɹækst] versus [gɛɹæpst] | [kæɹənt] versus [kæɹən e t] |
[mætklɪf] versus [mætk i lɪf] | [ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃb i ɹɪn] |
[ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃ i bɹɪn] | [hɪkspæn] versus [hɪk e spæn] |
[wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛlm] | [bæfslə] versus [kæfslə] |
[hɪkspæn] versus [hɪkspæn] | [wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛlm e ] |
[bɹɪkbæt] versus [ ə bɹɪkbæt] | [kænbɪft] versus [kænbɪft] |
[kænbɪft] versus [kænbɪfs] | [speɪkɪ] versus [ e speɪkɪ] |
[speɪkɪ] versus [s i peɪkɪ] | [bæfslə] versus [bæfslən] |
[kæɹənt] versus [kæɹənt] | [bɹɪkbæt] versus [b e ɹɪkbæt] |
[bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæsp i ] | [hɪkspæn] versus [hɪks ə pæn] |
[kænbcft] versus [tænbɪft] | [klɒbkæt] versus [ ə klɒbkæt] |
[θɹufɛl] versus [kɹufɛl] | [gɛɹækst] versus [gɛɹækst] |
[hɪkspæn] versus [hɪks e pæn] | [mætklɪf] versus [mæt e klɪf] |
[kæɹənt] versus [kæɹənt e ] | [bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæsp ə ] |
[kænbɪfs] versus [tænbɪft] | [mækθɹi:] versus [bæpθɹi:] |
[speɪkɪ] versus [ i speɪkɪ] | [ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃbɹɪn] |
[kæɹənt] versus [kæɹən i t] | [speɪkɪ] versus [s ə peɪkɪ] |
[mæpθɹi:] versus [bæpθɹi:] | [hɪkspæn] versus [hɪk ə spæn] |
[bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæs i p] | [mætklɪf] versus [mæt i klɪf] |
[bɹɪkbæt] versus [ e bɹɪkbæt] | [bæfslən] versus [kæfslə] |
[mætklɪf] versus [mætk ə lɪf] | [wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛlm ə ] |
[θɹufɛl] versus [θɹufɛl] | [bɹɪkbæt] versus [b ə ɹɪkbæt] |
[wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛl e m] | [bæfslə] versus [bæfslə] |
[ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃ e bɹɪn] | [mætklɪf] versus [mætklɪf] |
[kæɹənt] versus [kæɹən ə t] | [klɒbkæt] versus [ e klɒbkæt] |
[ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃb e ɹɪn] | [mætklɪf] versus [mætk e lɪf] |
[wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛlm i ] | [θɹufɛn] versus [kɹufɛl] |
[gɛɹæpst] versus [fɛɹækst] | [klɒbkæt] versus [k ə lɒbkæt] |
[mæpθɹi:] versus [mækθɹi:] | [speɪkɪ] versus [ ə speɪkɪ] |
[ɹʌʃbɹɪn] versus [ɹʌʃb ə ɹɪn] | [bɹɪkbæt] versus [bɹɪkbæt] |
[bɪkæsp] versus [bɪkæs ə p] | [klɒbkæt] versus [k e lɒbkæt] |
[speɪkɪ] versus [s e peɪkɪ] | [wɜɹdɛlm] versus [wɜɹdɛl ə m] |
[klɒbkæt] versus [klɒbkæt] | [speɪkɪ] versus [speɪkɪ] |
[kæɹənt] versus [kæɹənt i ] | [klɒbkæt] versus [k i lɒbkæt] |
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