Turbulent Eddy Generation for the CFD Analysis of Hydrokinetic Turbines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Review on Turbulence Generation Methods
2.1. Precursor Methods (PM)
2.2. Synthetic Methods (SM)
2.3. Synthetic Volume Forcing Methods (SVFM)
3. Turbulence Production and Control Methodology
- , a spatially harmonic and constant in time deterministic sine distribution, with given wavelength ,
- , a randomly fluctuating harmonic distribution obtained by introducing at each time in a random variation of the sine phase, and a spatially random perturbation of the intensity.
3.1. Turbulent Flow Metrics
3.2. Generated Turbulence Control Strategy
4. Computational Model
5. Numerical Application
5.1. Computational Set-Up
5.2. Flow Field Simulations
5.3. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CFL | Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy |
DES | Detached eddy simulation |
DNS | Direct numerical simulation |
LES | Large eddy simulation |
N-S | Navier–Stokes Equation |
PM | Precursor Methods |
PID | Proportional Integral Derivative |
PSD | Power Spectral Density |
Probability Density Function | |
SM | Synthetic Method |
SDFM | Synthetic Digital Filtering Method |
SVFM | Synthetic Volume forcing Metho |
SRFM | Synthetic Random Fourier Method |
Appendix A. Summary of Statistical Relationships
References
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Block | Cells | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Generation | 0.05 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
Control | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
Background | 26.0 | 9.0 (radius) | – |
Control | 0.933 | −0.0356 | −0.0378 | |
block | 0.788 | 0.686 | 0.681 | |
Sub | 0.931 | −0.0456 | −0.0478 | |
block 1 | 0.174 | 0.146 | 0.146 | |
Sub | 0.931 | −0.0359 | −0.0379 | |
block 2 | 0.696 | 0.602 | 0.599 | |
Sub | 0.935 | −0.0318 | −0.0339 | |
block 3 | 0.387 | 0.347 | 0.342 | |
Sub | 0.938 | −0.0290 | −0.0315 | |
block 4 | 0.250 | 0.228 | 0.225 |
Control Block | Sub-Block 1 | Sub-Block 2 | Sub-Block 3 | Sub-Block 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
14.68% | 21.59% | 13.77% | 10.37% | 8.38% |
Probe | 0.986 | −0.041 | −0.020 | |
0.193 | 0.156 | 0.156 | ||
Probe | 0.956 | −0.029 | −0.031 | |
0.810 | 0.672 | 0.792 | ||
Probe | 0.952 | −0.028 | −0.027 | |
0.410 | 0.360 | 0.372 | ||
Probe | 0.949 | −0.027 | −0.027 | |
0.260 | 0.292 | 0.221 |
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Gregori, M.; Salvatore, F.; Camussi, R. Turbulent Eddy Generation for the CFD Analysis of Hydrokinetic Turbines. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101332
Gregori M, Salvatore F, Camussi R. Turbulent Eddy Generation for the CFD Analysis of Hydrokinetic Turbines. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2022; 10(10):1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101332
Chicago/Turabian StyleGregori, Matteo, Francesco Salvatore, and Roberto Camussi. 2022. "Turbulent Eddy Generation for the CFD Analysis of Hydrokinetic Turbines" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10: 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101332