The Use of Vis-NIR-SWIR Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence in the Development of Predictive Models: A Step forward in the Quantification of Nitrogen, Total Organic Carbon and Humic Fractions in Ferralsols
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Site and Soil Sampling Procedures
2.2. Experiment Design, Management Description and Soil Sampling
2.3. Chemical Analysis of the Soil
2.3.1. Determination of Soil Organic Matter and Total Organic C, Chemical Fractionation of Organic Matter, and Quantification of Carbon in Fractions
2.3.2. Inorganic Nitrogen Determination
2.3.3. Determination of Total Nitrogen Content
2.4. Spectroscopic Analysis of Samples
2.4.1. Visible, Near Infrared, and Shortwave Infrared (Vis-NIR-SWIR)
2.4.2. X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF)
2.5. Analyzing Data
3. Results
3.1. Validation of PLSR and SVM Prediction Models Using Vis-NIR-SWIR and XRF Spectroscopy on Soil Samples of Mombasa Intercropped with Guandu Beans and Java
3.1.1. Mombasa + Guandu Crop (M+G)
3.1.2. Mombasa + Java Crop (M+J)
3.1.3. Mombasa Crop with Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization (M+N)
3.1.4. Mombasa Crop without Nitrogen Fertilization (M-N)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Depth (cm) | Granulometry (g kg−1) | Structure Class | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sandy | Silt | Clay | ||
0–10 | 773 | 48 | 179 | Sandy Middle |
10–20 | 763 | 68 | 169 | Sandy Middle |
20–40 | 736 | 41 | 223 | Sandy Middle |
40–60 | 707 | 63 | 230 | Sandy Middle |
60–80 | 695 | 55 | 250 | Sandy Middle |
80–100 | 697 | 56 | 247 | Sandy Middle |
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Lima, B.C.d.; Demattê, J.A.M.; Santos, C.H.d.; Tiritan, C.S.; Poppiel, R.R.; Nanni, M.R.; Falcioni, R.; Oliveira, C.A.d.; Vedana, N.G.; Zimmermann, G.; et al. The Use of Vis-NIR-SWIR Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence in the Development of Predictive Models: A Step forward in the Quantification of Nitrogen, Total Organic Carbon and Humic Fractions in Ferralsols. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16163009
Lima BCd, Demattê JAM, Santos CHd, Tiritan CS, Poppiel RR, Nanni MR, Falcioni R, Oliveira CAd, Vedana NG, Zimmermann G, et al. The Use of Vis-NIR-SWIR Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence in the Development of Predictive Models: A Step forward in the Quantification of Nitrogen, Total Organic Carbon and Humic Fractions in Ferralsols. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(16):3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16163009
Chicago/Turabian StyleLima, Bruna Coelho de, José A. M. Demattê, Carlos H. dos Santos, Carlos S. Tiritan, Raul R. Poppiel, Marcos R. Nanni, Renan Falcioni, Caio A. de Oliveira, Nicole G. Vedana, Guilherme Zimmermann, and et al. 2024. "The Use of Vis-NIR-SWIR Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence in the Development of Predictive Models: A Step forward in the Quantification of Nitrogen, Total Organic Carbon and Humic Fractions in Ferralsols" Remote Sensing 16, no. 16: 3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16163009