Adhesins of Yeasts: Protein Structure and Interactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Structure of Yeast Adhesins
2.1. Architectures of Yeast Adhesins
2.1.1. The S. cerevisiae Flocculation Protein Family
2.1.2. The Epithelial Adhesin Family
2.1.3. The Agglutinin-like Sequence Protein Family
2.2. Protein Structures of Yeast Adhesins
2.2.1. The PA14 Fold in Flocculation Protein and Epithelial Adhesin Family
2.2.2. The Flo11 Fold
2.2.3. The Ig-like Fold in Agglutinin-like Sequence Protein (Als) Family
3. Yeast-Yeast and Yeast-Host Cell Interactions
3.1. Flo Proteins Interactions
3.1.1. Cell-Cell Binding Based on S. cerevisiae-Lectin-Flocculin Interaction
3.1.2. Cell-Cell Binding Based on S. cerevisiae-Flo11 Protein Interaction
3.2. C. albicans Als Protein Interactions
3.3. C. glabrata Epa Protein Interactions
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Micro-Organism | Adhesin | Ligand in the Structure | Mutations | PDB Code | Interacting Substrate/Function Properties | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans | NT-Als3p (residues1-313) | Heptathreonine | - | 4LEB | Endothelial and epithelial cells; fibronectin, laminin, type-IV collagen; abiotic surfaces (glass, plastics) | [62] |
Apo | K59M, A116V, Y301F | 4LEE | [62] | |||
NT-Als3p (residues 1-299) | Apo | - | 4LE8 | * | ||
NT-Als9-2p | Apo | - | 2Y7N | [63] | ||
Apo | G299W | 2Y7O, 2YLH | ||||
Fg-γ 1 | - | 2Y7L | ||||
C. glabrata | N-Epa1p | Gal | - | 4A3X | Epithelial cells, fibronectin, mucin | [43] |
Galβ-1,3-Glc | - | 4AF9 | [44] | |||
Galβ-1,3-Glc | E227D, Y228N | 4AFC | [44] | |||
Galβ-1,3-GalNAc (T antigen) | - | 4ASL | [44] | |||
4D3W | [52] | |||||
Galβ-1,4-Glc (lactose) | 4COU | [52] | ||||
Glycerol | E227D, Y228N, D229N | 4AFA | [44] | |||
Glycerol | R226I, E227G, Y228K | 4AFB | [44] | |||
N-Epa6p | Galβ-1,4-Glc (lactose) | 4COU | [52] | |||
Galβ-1,3-GalNAc (T-antigen) | 4COW | [52] | ||||
N-acetyl-D-lactosamine | 4COY | [52] | ||||
Lacto-N-biose | 4COZ | [52] | ||||
α1-3-galactobiose | 4COV | [52] | ||||
N-Epa9p | Galβ-1,4-Glc | - | 4CP0 | * | ||
Galβ-1,3-GlcNAc | - | 4CP1 | * | |||
Galβ-1,4-GlcNAc | - | 4CP2 | * | |||
S. cerevisiae | N-Flo1p | Apo | - | 4LHL | Cell-cell interaction via cell surface mannans | [39] |
Man | - | 4LHK | [39] | |||
N-Lg-Flo1p | Apo | - | 4GQ7 | Cell-cell interaction via cell surface mannans and phosphomannans | [5] | |
Manα-1,2-Man | - | 4LHK | [39] | |||
N-Lg-Flo5p | Apo | - | 2XJQ | Cell-cell interaction via cell surface mannans | [6] | |
Man | - | 2XJP | [6] | |||
Man3(D1) | - | 2XJT | [6] | |||
Man5(D2-3) | - | 2XJR | [6] | |||
Manα-1,2-Man | - | 2XJS | [6] | |||
Manα-1,2-Man | S277A | 2XJU | [6] | |||
Glc | - | 2XJV | [6] | |||
N-Flo11p | Apo | - | 4UYR | Cell-cell and cell-hydrophobic plastic adhesion via hydrophobic interactions | [64] | |
- | 4UYS | [64] | ||||
- | 4UYT | [64] |
Microorganism | Adhesin | Ligand | Dissociation Constant KD (mM) | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans | N-Als1p | Fibronectin | 0.0016 ± 0.0006 | [111] |
Laminin | 0.013 ± 0.002 | [111] | ||
Fucose | 0.21 ± 0.03 | [111] | ||
N-Als1p | 0.020 ± 0.001 | [111] | ||
N-Als3p | Fibronectin | 0.41 ± 0.04 | [112] | |
Laminin | 0.01 ± 0.001 | [112] | ||
GlcNAc | 0.034 ± 0.004 | [112] | ||
N-Als3p | 0.014 ± 0.002 | [112] | ||
C. glabrata | N-Epa1p | Galβ | 0.115 ± 0.011 | [43] |
Galβ-1,4-Glc 1 | 0.031 ± 0.004 | [43] | ||
0.035 ± 0.006 | [3] | |||
Galα-1,3-Gal 2 | 0.0050 ± 0.0009 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,3-Gal 3 | 0.0009 ± 0.00005 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,3-GalNAc 4 | 0.0035 ± 0.0004 | [43] | ||
0.0021 ± 0.0003 | [3] | |||
0.0009 ± 0.0001 | [7] | |||
Galβ-1,3-GlcNAc 5 | 0.0049 ± 0.003 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,4-GlcNAc 6 | 0.0020 ± 0.0002 | [7] | ||
Mucin | 0.0047 ± 0.0009 | [112] | ||
Fibronectin | 0.911 10−3 ± 0.122 10−3 | [8] | ||
N-Epa1p E227A | Fibronectin | 0.317 10−3 ± 0.026 10−3 | [8] | |
N-Epa1p Y228W | Fibronectin | 0.545 10−3 ± 0.058 10−3 | [8] | |
N-Epa6p | Galα-1,3-Gal 2 | 0.0004 ± 0.0007 | [7] | |
Galβ-1,3-Gal 3 | 0.0003 ± 0.0002 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,3-GalNAc 4 | 0.0005 ± 0.0011 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,3-GlcNAc 5 | 0.0148 ± 0.0001 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,4-GlcNAc 6 | 0.0094 ± 0.0013 | [7] | ||
N-Epa7p | Galα-1,3-Gal 2 | 0.0124 ± 0.0009 | [7] | |
Galβ-1,3-Gal 3 | 0.0013 ± 0.0001 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,3-GalNAc 4 | 0.0015 ± 0.00001 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,3-GlcNAc 5 | 0.0147 ± 0.0004 | [7] | ||
Galβ-1,4-GlcNAc 6 | 0.0048 ± 0.0004 | [7] | ||
S. cerevisiae | N-Flo1p | Man | 8.7 ± 0.4 | [39] |
Manα-1,2-Man | 0.6 ± 0.1 | [39] | ||
Manα-1,3-Man | 3.3 ± 0.3 | [39] | ||
Manα-1,6-Man | 6.9 ± 0.6 | [39] | ||
Glc | >100 | [39] | ||
N-Lg-Flo1p | Man | 0.8 ± 0.03 | [54] | |
Man | 0.5 ± 0.05 | [39] | ||
Man1P 7 | 0.06 ± 0.002 | [54] | ||
Manα-1,2-Man | 4.5 ± 0.38 | [54] | ||
Manα-1,3-Man | 3.9 ± 0.98 | [54] | ||
Manα-1,6-Man | 3.0 ± 0.33 | [54] | ||
Glc | 5.8 ± 0.80 | [54] | ||
Glc1P 8 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | [54] | ||
N-Flo5p (S227A) | Man | 29.3 ± 3.6 (9.7 ± 0.6) | [6] | |
Manα-1,2-Man | 3.5 ± 0.3 (1.6 ± 0.1) | [6] | ||
Manα-1,3-Man | No binding | [6] | ||
Manα-1,6-Man | No binding | [6] | ||
Man3(D1) | 2.8 ± 0.2 | [6] | ||
Man5(D2-3) | 2.2 ± 0.5 | [6] | ||
Glc | >1000 | [6] | ||
N-Flo11p | N-Flo11 | 0.0195 ± 0.0023 | [64] |
Cell type | Adhesin | Ligand | Rupture force | Comments | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans | Als5p | Fibronectin | 2800 ± 600 pN | SMFS 1 in vitro | [122] |
C. glabrata | Epa6p | Hydrophobic surface (dodecane-thiol) | 31–52 nN | SCFC 2: cell immobilization on the AFM probe using dopamine | [123] |
S. cerevisiae | Flo1p | Flo1p | 300 (100–600) | SMFS | [39] |
S. pastorianus | Lg-Flo1p | Glucose | 121 ± 53 pN | Amylose-coated AFM probe interact with cell surface | [124] |
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Willaert, R.G. Adhesins of Yeasts: Protein Structure and Interactions. J. Fungi 2018, 4, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040119
Willaert RG. Adhesins of Yeasts: Protein Structure and Interactions. Journal of Fungi. 2018; 4(4):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040119
Chicago/Turabian StyleWillaert, Ronnie G. 2018. "Adhesins of Yeasts: Protein Structure and Interactions" Journal of Fungi 4, no. 4: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040119