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Geylani Kardas
  • Ege University International Computer Institute
    35100 Bornova, Izmir, TURKEY
  • +90-232-3113223
  • Dr. Kardas received his B.Sc. in computer engineering and both M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in information technologies f... moreedit
With their autonomy capabilities, agent-based systems have gained prominence in various industrial domains. Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architecture, a cornerstone of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE), is commonly used to... more
With their autonomy capabilities, agent-based systems have gained prominence in various industrial domains. Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architecture, a cornerstone of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE), is commonly used to create proactive agents that interact effectively with their environment. Various domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) exist for the model-driven development of multi-agent systems (MAS) with a BDI approach. However, they are mostly dependent on the desktop libraries hindering widespread accessibility and online development. In this paper, we introduce a modeling language, called SAML, which enables the creation of BDI agents online. Our goal is to eliminate certain dependencies to the local computing resources and paving the way for a development environment that offers the low-code platform support in conjunction with a Software as a Service (SAAS) infrastructure. Additionally, the platform of SAML, also created in this study, serves as a platform-independent online modeling and development environment. The main objective is to promote the model-driven development of BDI agents using the low-code development techniques, one of the current trends in the software engineering field. By eliminating local dependencies, SAML can become a widely adopted tool for BDI agent development, fostering innovation and agility across various MAS applications. The paper presents a structured approach to achieve these goals, including research on the foundations of SAML, development of user interfaces for upper-level modeling, model-to-model transformation with JSON, and code transformation using JASON standards.
Video games are one of the largest industries of our day. Games developed for this huge market must include content and new features that are related to the current trends while the inability to properly design and implement the software... more
Video games are one of the largest industries of our day. Games developed for this huge market must include content and new features that are related to the current trends while the inability to properly design and implement the software process to be applied for these additions may damage the quality and reliability of the related game software. In this study, we present the “Always Forward” method which is being used as a software process in Masomo Oyun Teknolojileri A.Ş. to develop games with millions of users. Using this method new features can be added while its intrinsic mechanisms maintain the quality and the reliability of the game software
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising domain and one of the leading technologies used in public transportation in recent years. However, in addition to the heterogeneity and high complexity problems that are usually observed in the... more
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising domain and one of the leading technologies used in public transportation in recent years. However, in addition to the heterogeneity and high complexity problems that are usually observed in the development of IoT systems, the specific needs of public transportation domain make the construction of such systems even harder for the public transportation. This paper proposes the use of a domain-specific modeling language (DSML), called DSML4PT, to facilitate the design and implementation of IoT-based public transportation systems. A metamodel is introduced that enables modeling IoT-based applications according to the different viewpoints and leads to the model-driven engineering of such applications for different IoT-based public transportation platforms. Furthermore, originated from this metamodel, design and implementation of the DSML4PT language with including its syntax and semantics definitions are all discussed in this paper. Use of this DSML supports both the design of the IoT-based public transportation software graphically and the automatic generation of the code required for the implementation. Based on the conducted case study, it has been observed that approximately 80% of a public transportation application can be generated only with using DSML4PT.
One of the main aims in the layered software architecture is to divide the code into different layers so that each layer contains related modules and serves its upper layers. Although layered software architecture is matured now; many... more
One of the main aims in the layered software architecture is to divide the code into different layers so that each layer contains related modules and serves its upper layers. Although layered software architecture is matured now; many legacy information systems do not benefit from the advantages of this architecture and their code for the process/business and data access are mostly in a single layer. In many legacy systems, due to the integration of the code in one layer, changes to the software and its maintenance are mostly difficult. In addition, the big size of a single layer causes the load concentration and turns the server into a bottleneck where all requests must be executed on it. In order to eliminate these deficiencies, this paper presents a refactoring mechanism for the automatic separation of the business and data access layers by detecting the data access code based on a series of patterns in the input code and transferring it to a new layer. For this purpose, we intro...
Abstract Software agents and Multi-agent Systems (MAS) composed by these agents are used in the development of the complex intelligent systems. In order to facilitate MAS software development, various domain-specific modeling languages... more
Abstract Software agents and Multi-agent Systems (MAS) composed by these agents are used in the development of the complex intelligent systems. In order to facilitate MAS software development, various domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) exist. Unfortunately, the usability evaluation of these languages are mostly not considered or only a few assessments which cover one single MAS DSML are made. A comparative evaluation, which is missing in the existing studies, may help agent software developers to choose the MAS DSML which fits well into the system development requirements. Hence, in this paper, we introduce a comparative MAS DSML evaluation methodology based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A categorized set of MAS DSML criteria which can be used for the multi-criteria decision making is defined. These criteria can be prioritized by the developers according to their modeling language expectations and the application of the methodology allows the evaluation of DSML alternatives based on this prioritization. As the result of the automatic calculation of the importance distributions, the most appropriate DSML is determined. With the voluntarily participation of a group of agent software developers, the proposed methodology was applied for the comparative evaluation of four well-known MAS DSMLs. The conducted evaluation showed that the agent developers prioritized appropriateness, completeness and shortening the development time as the most significant criteria for the MAS DSML assessment while the attractiveness of the notations had a minimum effect on preferring a language. Favorite DSML for each comparison category and criteria was determined within this evaluation.
Intelligent agents are software components that can work autonomously and proactively to solve the problems collaboratively. To this end, they can behave in a cooperative manner and collaborate with other agents constituting systems... more
Intelligent agents are software components that can work autonomously and proactively to solve the problems collaboratively. To this end, they can behave in a cooperative manner and collaborate with other agents constituting systems called Multi-agent Systems (MAS). These systems have different perspectives such as the internal structure, plan, interaction, organisation, role, environment and so on. By having these views, MASs can consider the structure, behaviour, interaction, and environment of the complex systems such as Cyber-physical Systems (CPS). Therefore, intelligent software agents and MASs can be used in the modelling and development of CPSs. There are different Domain-specific Modelling Languages (DSMLs) to build MASs with a focus on various MAS aspects. One of the generative MAS DSMLs is SEA_ML++ which presents a thorough Model-driven Engineering practice with including the abstract syntax, graphical concrete syntax, model-to-model transformations and model-to-code transformations with the support of Platform Independent and Platform Specific levels of MAS modelling. In this chapter, we discuss how SEA_ML++ is used for the design and implementation of agent-based CPSs. An MDE methodology is introduced in which SEA_ML++ can be used to design agent-based CPS and implement these systems on various agent execution platforms. As the evaluating case study, the development of a multi-agent garbage collection CPS is taken into consideration. The conducted study demonstrates how this CPS can be designed according to the various viewpoints of SEA_ML++ and then implemented and executed on Jason platform.
The specific requirements of developing Internet of Things (IoT) software for public transportation systems should be considered in addition to the problems always observed in IoT system development. After defining the problems... more
The specific requirements of developing Internet of Things (IoT) software for public transportation systems should be considered in addition to the problems always observed in IoT system development. After defining the problems encountered in the development of IoT-based public transport systems, the current model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches for IoT development are examined and their applicability for public transport systems is questioned in this paper. Several points of view are given about what new MDE approaches specific to this field should include in order to eliminate the identified deficiencies. Moreover, it is indicated that new MDE approaches should be designed including round-trip engineering to provide high mobility, use of special standards, in-vehicle communication networks and support for different system-on-chips in these public transportation systems.
This paper evaluates the use of Spine animation library during industrial mobile game software development. The evaluation results showed that the use of both Spine and its supporting tools provides the rapid application of the same... more
This paper evaluates the use of Spine animation library during industrial mobile game software development. The evaluation results showed that the use of both Spine and its supporting tools provides the rapid application of the same animation to various characters, shortens the transfer of animation constructs between animators and game developers and increases the production of required software approximately seven times. However, we also observed that the library was incapable of properly reflecting some of the light events inside games and caused problems in viewing the two animations together.
Domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) for Multi-agent Systems (MAS) mostly provide checks and validations on modeled systems according to the related syntax and semantics descriptions. However, they do not have a built-in support for... more
Domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) for Multi-agent Systems (MAS) mostly provide checks and validations on modeled systems according to the related syntax and semantics descriptions. However, they do not have a built-in support for debugging MAS models which makes the control of model correctness difficult. Hence, in this paper, we present our ongoing work which aims at providing debugging inside MAS DSMLs. We describe two possible ways of deriving debuggers for MAS DSMLs. The first alternative is based on the construction of a mapping between MAS model entities and the generated code while the second one considers the metamodel-based description of the operational semantics of executing agents. Pros and cons of each approach are also discussed.
Özet. Java Card platformu ve beraberinde gelen uygulama programlama arayüzü akıllı kart uygulamalarının geniş kullanıma sahip Java programlama dili ile nesne yönelimli olarak geliştirilmesine imkan vermektedir. Ancak işlemci ve bellek... more
Özet. Java Card platformu ve beraberinde gelen uygulama programlama arayüzü akıllı kart uygulamalarının geniş kullanıma sahip Java programlama dili ile nesne yönelimli olarak geliştirilmesine imkan vermektedir. Ancak işlemci ve bellek yönünden oldukça kısıtlı olan bu kartlar için sadece Java dilinin bir alt kümesi kullanılabilmektedir ve geliştiriciler bilgisayar ve akıllı kart arasındaki paket alışverişi için alt seviye bir protokolün detay ve kısıtları ile uğraşmak durumundadırlar. Bu bildiride Java Card uygulamalarının geliştirilmesinde görülen bu zorlukları gidermek amacıyla kart üzeri uygulamaların model güdümlü geliştirilmesine imkan veren DSL4JavaCard isimli bir alana özgü dil tüm bileşenleri ile birlikte tanıtılmaktadır. Dilin soyut sözdiziminin dayandığı üstmodel ve modelleme aşamasında bir takım kısıtların kontrol edilmesini sağlayan somut sözdizimi tanıtıldıktan sonra DSL4JavaCard modellerinden Java Card uygulama kodlarının nasıl otomatik olarak elde edildiği anlatılmıştı...
The ModelWriter platform provides a generic framework for automated traceability analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to trace the consistency and completeness of technical documents that consist of a set... more
The ModelWriter platform provides a generic framework for automated traceability analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to trace the consistency and completeness of technical documents that consist of a set of System Installation Design Principles used by Airbus to ensure the correctness of aircraft system installation. We show in particular, how the platform allows the integration of two types of reasoning: reasoning about the meaning of text using semantic parsing and description logic theorem proving; and reasoning about document structure using first-order relational logic and finite model finding for traceability analysis.
In this paper, a modeling tool, called DSML4BDI, for the modeldriven development of Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents, is introduced. As being an implementation of a domain-specific modeling language, DSML4BDI tool enables graphical... more
In this paper, a modeling tool, called DSML4BDI, for the modeldriven development of Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents, is introduced. As being an implementation of a domain-specific modeling language, DSML4BDI tool enables graphical modeling of all BDI components and relations with including the automatic construction of logical expressions and rules required for the system. In addition, its operational semantics, based on the Jason platform, leads to the automatic generation of all codes and other artifacts for the exact implementation of the modeled system. Evaluations performed by the users showed that the tool is capable of high generation performance and its use significantly decreases the development time.
Despite the existence of many agent programming environments and platforms, the developers may still encounter difficulties on implementing Multi-agent Systems (MASs) due to the complexity of agent features and agent interactions inside... more
Despite the existence of many agent programming environments and platforms, the developers may still encounter difficulties on implementing Multi-agent Systems (MASs) due to the complexity of agent features and agent interactions inside the MAS organizations. Working in a higher abstraction layer and modeling agent components within a model-driven engineering (MDE) process before going into depths of MAS implementation may facilitate MAS development. Perhaps the most popular way of applying MDE for MAS is based on creating Domain-specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) with including appropriate integrated development environments (IDEs) in which both modeling and code generation for system-to-be-developed can be performed properly. Although IDEs of these MAS DSMLs provide some sort of checks on modeled systems according to the related DSML’s syntax and semantics descriptions, currently they do not have a built-in support for debugging these MAS models. That deficiency causes the agent ...
In this paper, we investigate how model-driven engineering (MDE) of Internet of Things (IoT) systems and Wireless-Sensor Networks (WSN) can be supported and introduce a domain-specific metamodel for modeling such systems based on the... more
In this paper, we investigate how model-driven engineering (MDE) of Internet of Things (IoT) systems and Wireless-Sensor Networks (WSN) can be supported and introduce a domain-specific metamodel for modeling such systems based on the well-known Contiki operating system. The unique lightweight thread structure of Contiki makes it more preferable in the implementation of new IoT systems instead of many other existing platforms. Although some MDE approaches exist for IoT systems and WSNs, currently there is no study which addresses the modelling according to the specifications of Contiki platform. The work presented in this paper aims at filling this gap and covers the development of both a modeling language syntax and a graphical modeling environment for the MDE of IoTs according to event-driven mechanism and protothread architecture of Contiki. Use of the proposed modeling language is demonstrated with including the development of an IoT system for forest fire detection. 1998 ACM Sub...
Composite Content Applications (CCA) are cross-functional process solutions built on top of Enterprise Content Management systems assembled from pre-built components. Considering the complexity of CCAs, their analysis and development need... more
Composite Content Applications (CCA) are cross-functional process solutions built on top of Enterprise Content Management systems assembled from pre-built components. Considering the complexity of CCAs, their analysis and development need higher level of abstraction. Model-driven engineering techniques covering the use of Domain-specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs), can provide the abstraction in question by moving software development from code to models which may increase productivity and reduce development costs. Hence, in this paper, we present MDD4CCA, a DSML for developing CCAs. The DSML presents an abstract syntax, a concrete syntax, and an operational semantics, including model-to-model and model-to-code transformations for CCA implementations. Use of the proposed language is evaluated within an industrial case study.
JsonLogic structures, based on JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), are used in software applications in order to create business process rules. However, JsonLogic’s textual syntax is different from the general purpose programming languages... more
JsonLogic structures, based on JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), are used in software applications in order to create business process rules. However, JsonLogic’s textual syntax is different from the general purpose programming languages and it causes difficulties on the formalization of complex business rules. This unfamiliar way of rule creation may also lead to a time-consuming and error-prone development process. In this paper, we introduce a web based visual modeling tool which facilitates the construction of such business rules by following a model-driven engineering methodology. Inside this tool, the developers can visually design business rules with the block programming approach and corresponding JsonLogic codes are automatically generated. Moreover, changes made in these auto-generated codes can be reflected automatically to the related models inside the tool without any human intervention. Hence the synchronization between JsonLogic models and codes is provided. It has a...
Device Tree (DT) files support the description and the configuration of physical devices and peripherals inside the hardware of embedded systems. However, software developers encounter difficulties while developing such DT applications... more
Device Tree (DT) files support the description and the configuration of physical devices and peripherals inside the hardware of embedded systems. However, software developers encounter difficulties while developing such DT applications due to the structure and the syntax of DT source files which are complex and different from the well-known general purpose programming languages. Furthermore, the developers also need to be familiar with the hardware specifications of each different microprocessor to prepare such DT files. In order to eliminate these difficulties of current DT software development processes, a metamodel, which may provide model-driven generation and automatic configuration of DT software for different embedded system platforms, is introduced in this paper. Modeling viewpoints of this metamodel are described and modeling DT software visually by using these viewpoints is exemplified with a
Context: The “Physics of Notations” (PoN) supports a systematic improvement of the cognitive effectiveness of visual modelling languages. Problem: PoN focuses on the concrete syntax of a language, building on a predefined abstract syntax.... more
Context: The “Physics of Notations” (PoN) supports a systematic improvement of the cognitive effectiveness of visual modelling languages. Problem: PoN focuses on the concrete syntax of a language, building on a predefined abstract syntax. We should also consider the abstract syntax of a language when developing efforts to improve it by choosing the most adequate language constructs (concepts and their relationships). We instantiate this challenge by comparing two Multi-Agent Systems Domain Specific Languages: SEA_ML++ and DSML4MAS, and assessing the extent to which their respective constructs affect the developer experience. Method: We will perform a quasiexperiment for comparing how practitioners use both languages to solve similar modelling challenges. The experiment will have a cross-over within-subjects design and will focus on the extent to which the different language constructs impact on developer experience. These tasks will be monitored, so that we can assess their success ...
In this paper, a metamodel, which can be used for modeling Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents working on Jason platform, is introduced. The metamodel provides the modeling of agents with including their belief bases, plans, sets of... more
In this paper, a metamodel, which can be used for modeling Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents working on Jason platform, is introduced. The metamodel provides the modeling of agents with including their belief bases, plans, sets of events, rules and actions respectively. We believe that the work presented herein contributes to the current multi-agent system (MAS) metamodeling efforts by taking into account another BDI agent platform which is not considered in the existing platform-specific MAS modeling approaches. A graphical concrete syntax and a modeling tool based on the proposed metamodel are also developed in this study. MAS models can be checked according to the constraints originated from the Jason metamodel definitions and hence conformance of the instance models is supplied by utilizing the tool. Use of the syntax and the modeling tool are demonstrated with the design of a cleaning robot which is a well-known example of Jason BDI architecture.
2018 MODELS Workshops: ModComp, MRT, OCL, FlexMDE, EXE, COMMitMDE, MDETools, GEMOC, MORSE, MDE4IoT, MDEbug, MoDeVVa, ME, MULTI, HuFaMo, AMMoRe, PAINS, MODELS-WS 2018 -- 14 October 2018 through 19 October 2018 -- 145787Context: The... more
2018 MODELS Workshops: ModComp, MRT, OCL, FlexMDE, EXE, COMMitMDE, MDETools, GEMOC, MORSE, MDE4IoT, MDEbug, MoDeVVa, ME, MULTI, HuFaMo, AMMoRe, PAINS, MODELS-WS 2018 -- 14 October 2018 through 19 October 2018 -- 145787Context: The “Physics of Notations” (PoN) supports a systematic improvement of the cognitive effectiveness of visual modelling languages. Problem: PoN focuses on the concrete syntax of a language, building on a predefined abstract syntax. We should also consider the abstract syntax of a language when developing efforts to improve it by choosing the most adequate language constructs (concepts and their relationships). We instantiate this challenge by comparing two Multi-Agent Systems Domain Specific Languages: SEA_ML++ and DSML4MAS, and assessing the extent to which their respective constructs affect the developer experience. Method: We will perform a quasi-experiment for comparing how practitioners use both languages to solve similar modelling challenges. The experiment will have a cross-over within-subjects design and will focus on the extent to which the different language constructs impact on developer experience. These tasks will be monitored, so that we can assess their success and effort involved, including eye-tracking information. Results: This paper reports on the planned study design for this empirical comparison of two DSLs for MAS. © 2018 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.FCT/MCTES TUBITAK/0008/2014, FCT/MCTES PEst UID/ CEC/04516/2013, 115E591, NOVA Horizon 2020 Framework Programme European Cooperation in Science and TechnologyThe authors would like to thank the following: i) the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant 115E591, and ii) Portuguese grants NOVA LINCS Research Laboratory (Grant: FCT/MCTES PEst UID/ CEC/04516/2013) and DSML4MAS Project (Grant: FCT/MCTES TUBITAK/0008/2014). -- The authors would also like to thank the COST Action networking mechanisms and support of IC1404 Multi-Paradigm Modeling for Cyber-Physical Systems (MPM4CPS). COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020. -
Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) is a highly active research area with wide range of industrial applications such as smart city services. These applications generally aim to meet the growing demands of society in terms of power, water,... more
Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) is a highly active research area with wide range of industrial applications such as smart city services. These applications generally aim to meet the growing demands of society in terms of power, water, gas, and lighting services. Although there are studies related to this area, technological developments in terms of both hardware and software lead to better solutions. In this study, an IoT application which is a key feature for a smart city service has been developed for street lighting. The developed application works with a light dependent resistor (LDR) and it controls a bulb according to the ambient light intensity. The control information is kept and analyzed in a cloud environment. Raspberry Pi development environment and Android Things operating system are used for realization of the system. Light bulb control and LDR hardware circuits have been developed within the scope of this study. With this study, a platform has been developed which can be realized at an affordable price to add additional sensors such as air pollution and humidity. Additionally, the easy development possibilities of the Android Things operating system have been examined.
Traceability can be defined as the degree to which a relationship can be established among work products of the development process. Traceability is important to support the consistency and likewise to ensure that a system is... more
Traceability can be defined as the degree to which a relationship can be established among work products of the development process. Traceability is important to support the consistency and likewise to ensure that a system is understandable, maintainable and reliable. Several approaches have been proposed to model traceability elements and reason about them by extending a predetermined set of possible trace links with fixed semantics. Furthermore, they do not cope with the need for dynamic adaptation and configuration of traceability semantics. However, different project types usually require various ways of tracing the system to obtain richer and precise automated traceability analysis. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach with its supporting platform which enables the user to rigorously configure the system based on project-specific needs and interactively specify the semantics of traceability elements. The semantics of traceability elements are formalized using first-order relational logic, which are used to facilitate different form of automated analysis. The use of the proposed approach and the corresponding tool is described within the context of an industrial application lifecycle management process.
Advances in energy harvesting circuits and energy efficient architecture of processors create the potential for batteryless computing and sensing systems called transiently powered computers. These computers can only operate... more
Advances in energy harvesting circuits and energy efficient architecture of processors create the potential for batteryless computing and sensing systems called transiently powered computers. These computers can only operate intermittently due to fluctuating nature of ambient energy. Intermittent operation requires a new programming model that should preserve forward progress and maintain data consistency; which are challenging. We propose a structured task-based programming model; namely PureMEM, to cope with these challenges. We discuss how PureMEM prevents interdependencies caused by the unstructured control encountered in intermittent operation, enables re-usability of the tasks, provides dynamic memory management and supports error handling. We also present intermittent programs to exemplify the features of PureMEM.
The continuous integration of software-intensive systems together with the ever-increasing computing power offer a breeding ground for intelligent agents and multi-agent systems (MAS) more than ever before. Over the past two decades, a... more
The continuous integration of software-intensive systems together with the ever-increasing computing power offer a breeding ground for intelligent agents and multi-agent systems (MAS) more than ever before. Over the past two decades, a wide variety of languages, models, techniques and methodologies have been proposed to engineer agents and MAS. Despite this substantial body of knowledge and expertise, the systematic engineering of large-scale and open MAS still poses many challenges. Researchers and engineers still face fundamental questions regarding theories, architectures, languages, processes, and platforms for designing, implementing, running, maintaining, and evolving MAS. This paper reports on the results of the 6th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems (EMAS 2018, 14th-15th of July, 2018, Stockholm, Sweden), where participants discussed the issues above focusing on the state of affairs and the road ahead for researchers and engineers in this area.
The conventional approach currently followed in the development of domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) for multi-agent systems (MASs) requires the definition and implementation of new model-to-model and model-totext transformations... more
The conventional approach currently followed in the development of domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) for multi-agent systems (MASs) requires the definition and implementation of new model-to-model and model-totext transformations from scratch in order to make the DSMLs functional for each different agent execution platforms. In this paper, we present an alternative approach which considers the construction of the interoperability between MAS DSMLs for a more efficient way of platform support extension. The feasibility of using this new interoperability approach instead of the conventional approach is exhibited by discussing and evaluating the model-driven engineering required for the application of both approaches. Use of the approaches is also exemplified with a case study which covers the model-driven development of an agent-based stock exchange system. In comparison to the conventional approach, evaluation results show that the interoperability approach requires both les...

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