Introduction
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ፌደራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Amharic) | |
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| Anthem: ወደፊት ገስግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ (English: "March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia") | |
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| ISO 3166 code | ET |
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the East, Kenya to the South, South Sudan to the West, and Sudan to the Northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,112,000 square kilometres (472,000 sq. miles). As of 2024[update], it is home to around 109 million inhabitants, making it the 13th-most populous country in the world, the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria, and the most populated landlocked country on Earth. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates.
Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible homeland of the Afroasiatic language family. In 980 BC, the Kingdom of D'mt extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330, and Islam arrived by the first Hijra in 615. After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the Zagwe dynasty ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia until being overthrown by Yekuno Amlak in 1270, inaugurating the Ethiopian Empire and the Solomonic dynasty, claimed descent from the biblical Solomon and Queen of Sheba under their son Menelik I. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as Zemene Mesafint in the mid-18th century. Emperor Tewodros II ended Zemene Mesafint at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia. (Full article...)
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Urbanization of Addis Ababa began in late 19th century in a site of Finfinne inhabited by various Oromo clans, and Emperor Menelik II formed permanent settlement for his army and nobles. In 1881, he transferred his capital to Entoto, a vicinity area of Addis Ababa, ultimately relocated in Addis Ababa in 1886; he along with his wife Empress Taytu Betul founded it after finding Entoto undesirable due to coldy climate location, and abundance of hot mineral springs believed to have health effects in Addis Ababa. In 1890s, Addis Ababa saw rapid population growth due to factors related to 1889–1892 famine and immigration to the area and mobilisation of traditional militias and other associated immigrants after the Battle of Adwa (1896).
The 1909 land act further transformed Addis Ababa into metropolitan area, therefore, shifted from safar to infrastructure settlement in 1910s and 1920s, and schools roads, hospitals and other infrastructure began developing. During the Italian occupation of the country (1936–1941), new master plan was developed by seven European architects in order beautify Addis Ababa as their colonial city by featuring monumental structure and public square for regime grandeur, with steady population growth. After their occupation, the British consultant, first by Sir Patrick Abercrombie in 1946 and French consultant team led by architect Luis De Marien developed monumental structures, infrastructures, and satellite towns to beautify Addis Ababa as "capital of Africa". The Derg regime saw nationalization of extra house that prevent private investment, leading urban morphology to decline from 5% to 3.4%. The Hungarian planner C.K. Polonyi embarked the first master plan in this era based on structuring the suburbs and the inner-city. Along with the 1986 Italo-Ethiopian master plan, the plan ultimately met failure to implement due to lack of funds for infrastructural provision by the government. The revised 2003 master plan was intended to support the new government led by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and its policies on market economy. (Full article...)Selected biography -
General images -
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The Empire of Axum at its peak in the 6th century. (from Ethiopia) -
A Walia Ibex in Simien Mountains National Park, one of the national symbols of Ethiopia, found only in the north of the country (from Ethiopia) -
Entrance of Addis Ababa University (from Ethiopia) -
The Federal Supreme Court is the highest court determining constitutionality of ordeals in the nation (from Ethiopia) -
Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (bottom row, fourth from left) in G8 Group meeting in 2007 (from Ethiopia) -
Development of GDP per capita (from Ethiopia) -
An Ethiopian logistics shipping cargo docked at the Red Sea (from Ethiopia) -
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Fasil Ghebbi, one of the key castles of the Gondarine period. (from Ethiopia) -
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The Blue Nile falls during winter provides over 86 percent of the Nile river's water coming from melted snow in the Simien mountains below 0. (from Ethiopia) -
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Ethiopian civil conflict: territorial control as of September 2023 (from Ethiopia) -
The Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation former headquarters in Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia) -
Relief map of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia) -
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House of Peoples' Representatives is the lower house of the Ethiopian Federal Parliamentary Assembly (from Ethiopia) -
Addis Ababa seen from the air, 2024 (from Ethiopia) -
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The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam currently under construction is set to be the largest dam in Africa (from Ethiopia) -
Ethiopian troops sent by the government under the Emperor Haile Selassie I during the Korean War fighting for South Korean independence (from Ethiopia) -
The Ethiopian Empire during the Middle Ages (from Ethiopia) -
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Cultural performance in Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia) -
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Over 5 million residents live in Addis Ababa the epicenter of the nation's economy (from Ethiopia) -
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An Orthodox bible dated at least 1,500 years, being the oldest illustrated bible in the world, depicts Corinthian pillars (from Ethiopia) -
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The African Union Headquarters located in Addis Ababa since its conception, Ethiopia is a founding member to the AU (from Ethiopia) -
The Addis Ababa Science Museum of Art and Science serves as the country's biggest hub which showcases the country's newest innovations (from Ethiopia) -
The Church of Saint George, Lalibela a pilgrimage site for Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church; the site is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". (from Ethiopia) -
Declining child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia since 1950 (from Ethiopia) -
Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin in 1980s one of Ethiopia's renowned writers (from Ethiopia) -
A Homo sapiens idaltu hominid skull (from Ethiopia) -
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Addis Ababa seen at nighttime, the financial epicenter of the country (from Ethiopia) -
Mengistu Haile Mariam was sentenced to death in absentia for committing crimes during his rule (from Ethiopia) -
The Axumite stelae in the northern part of Ethiopia, dating well over a thousand years, serve as a remembrance of Ethiopia's past architecture. (from Ethiopia) -
Sheger Park is the largest park in the country, hosting hundreds of thousands of visitors a year since its opening (from Ethiopia) -
Köppen climate classification of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
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Selected pictures
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.jpg/350px-Black-chested_snake-eagle_(Circaetus_pectoralis).jpg)
The black-chested snake eagle (Circaetus pectoralis) is a large African bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It resembles other snake eagles and was formerly considered conspecific with the short-toed and Beaudouin's snake eagles, to which it is closely related. As well as feeding on snakes, which may be swallowed while still alive, it feeds on lizards, small mammals, frogs and insects. It typically perches in an elevated position ready to swoop silently to capture its prey, before returning to its perch to eat.
Photo credit: Charles J. Sharp -
Saint George (died 23 April 303) was a soldier of Cappadocian Greek origin. A member of Roman emperor Diocletian's Praetorian Guard, he was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon and his feast day is celebrated on 23 April. Saint George is claimed as their patron saint by England, Ethiopia, Georgia, Catalonia and several other nation states, as well as by various cities, universities, professions and organisations.
Painting credit: Carlo Crivelli -
The plains zebra (Equus quagga, subspecies Grant's zebra pictured) is the most common and geographically widespread species of zebra. It ranges from the south of Ethiopia through East Africa to as far south as Angola and eastern South Africa. The plains zebra is mid-sized, smaller on average than the other two zebra species, and thick-bodied with relatively short legs. Adults of both sexes can stand from 1.1 to 1.47 m (3.6 to 4.8 ft) high at the shoulder, are 2 to 2.5 m (6.6 to 8.2 ft) long (excluding the tail), and weigh 175 to 387 kg (386 to 853 lb), with males slightly heavier than females.
Photo credit: Muhammad Mahdi Karim -
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The black-headed lapwing (Vanellus tectus tectus) is a resident breeder located across sub-Saharan Africa, living in locations ranging from Senegal to Ethiopia.
Photo credit: Charles J. Sharp -
Haile Selassie I was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. The heir to a dynasty that traced its origins to the 13th century, and from there by tradition back to King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, he is a defining figure in both Ethiopian and African history. Selassie is revered as the religious symbol for God incarnate among the Rastafari movement, whose name comes from Ras (literally "Head," an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke), and Tafari Makonnen, Selassie's pre-coronation name.
Photo credit: American Colony, Jerusalem
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Did you know -
- ... that Quintin Johnstone advocated giving control of an American-governed law school to native Ethiopians?
- ... that Liberian paramount chief Tamba Taylor worked as a tailor and claimed to have sewn clothes for Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie and Ghanaian president Kwame Nkrumah?
- ... that Aguil Chut-Deng took 22 child refugees from South Sudan to Ethiopia during civil war so that they could attend school?
- ... that the government of Ethiopia's SNNP Region supported local governments calling for a referendum to secede from the region?
In the news
- 25 August 2024 –
- At least thirteen people are killed and at least 14 others remain missing after a boat carrying Ethiopian and Yemeni migrants from Djibouti sinks off the coast of Taiz Governorate, Yemen. (Al Jazeera)
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