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Main   Geography   Recognized content Introduction Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 square miles). The largest metropolitan area is formed by Taipei (the capital), New Taipei City, and Keelung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese immigration began under a Dutch colony and continued under the Kingdom of Tungning, the first predominantly Han Chinese state in Taiwanese history. The island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. The Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing in 1912, took control following the surrender of Japan in 1945. Japan renounced sovereignty over Taiwan in 1952. The immediate resumption of the Chinese Civil War resulted in the loss of the Chinese mainland to Communist forces, who established the People's Republic of China, and the flight of the ROC central government to Taiwan in 1949. The effective jurisdiction of the ROC has since been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, and smaller islands. In the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization called the "Taiwan Miracle". In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a one-party state under martial law to a multi-party democracy, with democratically elected presidents since 1996. Taiwan's export-oriented industrial economy is the 21st-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the 20th-largest by PPP measures, with a focus on steel, machinery, electronics, and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a developed country. It is ranked highly in terms of civil liberties, healthcare, and human development. The political status of Taiwan is contentious. Despite being a founding member, the ROC no longer represents China as a member of the United Nations after UN members voted in 1971 to recognize the PRC instead. The ROC maintained its claim of being the sole legitimate representative of China and its territory until 1991, when it ceased to regard the Chinese Communist Party as a rebellious group and acknowledged its control over mainland China. Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses to establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. Taiwan maintains official diplomatic relations with 11 out of 193 UN member states and the Holy See. Many others maintain unofficial diplomatic ties through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates. International organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate on a non-state basis. Domestically, the major political contention is between parties favoring eventual Chinese unification and promoting a pan-Chinese identity, contrasted with those aspiring to formal international recognition and promoting a Taiwanese identity; in the 21st century, both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal. (Full article...) Selected article - The New Taiwan dollar (code: TWD; symbol: NT$, also abbreviated as NT) is the official currency of the Republic of China. The New Taiwan dollar has been the currency of the island of Taiwan since 1949, when it replaced the old Taiwan dollar, at a rate of 40,000 old dollars per one new dollar. The base unit of the New Taiwan dollar is called a yuan (圓), subdivided into ten chiao (角) or 100 fen (分), although in practice neither chiao nor fen are ever actually used. There are a variety of alternative names for the units in Taiwan. The unit of the dollar is typically informally written with the simpler equivalent character as 元, except when writing it for legal transactions such as at the bank, when it has to be written as 圓. Colloquially, the currency unit is called both 元 (yuán, literally "circle") and 塊 (kuài, literally "piece") in Mandarin, 箍 (kho͘, literally "hoop") in Hokkien, and 銀 (ngiùn, literally "silver") in Hakka. (Full article...) List of selected articles Taiwanese indigenous peoples Taipei Taiwan under Japanese rule Taipei 101 February 28 incident Shin Kong Life Tower Kaohsiung Taiwanese Hokkien Sakizaya people Battle of Baguashan Republic of Formosa Yangmingshan Kingdom of Tungning 228 Peace Memorial Park Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) North–South divide in Taiwan Tainan Spanish Formosa 1999 Jiji earthquake Hengchun Dutch Formosa Iron egg Sunflower Student Movement Taiwanese Mandarin Penghu Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) Taichung Annette Lu Taoyuan International Airport Taipei Metro Taiwan Province Languages of Taiwan Grand Hotel (Taipei) Formosan sika deer Buddhism in Taiwan Formosan black bear Love River Paiwan people Eat Drink Man Woman Selected biography Justin Huang (Chinese: 黃健庭; pinyin: Huáng Jiàntíng; born 6 November 1959) is a Taiwanese politician. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1996 to 2000. Huang was first elected to the Legislative Yuan in 2001 and served two full terms on the Legislative Yuan, and was reelected to a third in 2008. Huang stepped as a legislator in 2009 to run for Taitung County Magistrate. After two terms as county magistrate, Huang left office in 2018. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Tsai Ing-wen Cheng Yen Chen Yi (Kuomintang) Teresa Teng Tsai Wan-lin Wang Jinping (scholar and activist) Jay Chou Ang Lee S.H.E Lee Teng-hui Chiau Wen-yan Kao Chin Su-mei Latisha Chan Wu Nien-jen Wu Zhaonan Selected picture - The Grand Hotel is an iconic landmark in Taipei City, Taiwan, and has played host to many foreign dignitaries that have visited Taipei. Photo credit: Liyu Good article - This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards. A THSR 700T train running Taiwan High Speed Rail line Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) is the high-speed railway of Taiwan consisting of one line that runs approximately 350 km (217 mi) along the west coast, from the capital Taipei to the southern city of Kaohsiung. With construction and operations managed by a private company, Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC), which also operates the line, the total cost of the project was NT$513.3 billion in 1998. The system's technology is based primarily on Japan's Shinkansen. The railway opened for service on 5 January 2007, with trains running at a top speed of 300 km/h (186 mph), currently running from Nangang to Zuoying in as little as 1 hour and 45 minutes, reaching almost 90% of Taiwan's population. Most intermediate stations on the line lie outside the cities served; however, a variety of transfer options, such as free shuttle buses, conventional rail, and metros have been constructed to facilitate transport connections. (Full article...) List of Good articles Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa Chen Chi-mai EVA Air Chai Trong-rong Pe̍h-ōe-jī Mei-Ann Chen Hsu Tain-tsair You Are the Apple of My Eye Did you know - Formosan black bear. ... that the Formosan black bear (pictured) is an endangered and endemic species of bear that can only be found in Taiwan? ... that Jade Mountain, at 3,952 meters (13,114 feet), is the tallest mountain in Taiwan. Did you also know that it stands 176 meters taller than Mount Fuji in Japan, and that it was named Niitakayama, or 'new tall mountain' during Japanese rule? ... that Gueishan Island is an islet formed by the only active volcano in Taiwan? General images The following are images from various Taiwan-related articles on Wikipedia. Taiwan in the 17th century, showing Dutch (magenta) and Spanish (green) possessions, and the Kingdom of Middag (orange) (from History of Taiwan) The original flag of the Taiwanese People's Party, 2 January 1929 – 6 October 1929 (from History of Taiwan) Portrait of Zheng Jing (1642–1681), possibly 17th c. (from History of Taiwan) Evacuation of Keelung by the French forces, image created 1887 (from History of Taiwan) Zheng Keshuang (from History of Taiwan) Entrance hall of a K-TV in Taipei (from Culture of Taiwan) Sky Lantern festival in Pingxi, Taiwan (from Culture of Taiwan) Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Cairo Conference in Cairo, 25 November 1943. (from History of Taiwan) Taichung Middle School in 1919 (from History of Taiwan) Territory controlled by Koxinga, founder of the Kingdom of Tungning (from History of Taiwan) Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty in 1685 (from History of Taiwan) Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty by 1894 (from History of Taiwan) The Qing Empire in 1820, with provinces in yellow, military governorates and protectorates in light yellow, tributary states in orange. (from History of Taiwan) Bird's eye view of Fort Zeelandia in Dutch Formosa in the 17th-century (from History of Taiwan) Population density map of Taiwan in 2019 (from History of Taiwan) The Dharmachakra represents the Noble Eightfold Path. (from Culture of Taiwan) Depiction of Qing ships crossing the ocean to suppress the Lin Shuangwen rebellion, 1787–1788 (from History of Taiwan) Takasago Volunteers in October 1944 (from History of Taiwan) Siege of Fort Zeelandia (from History of Taiwan) Depiction of a Chinese man, woman, and soldier, by Georg Franz Müller (1646–1723) (from History of Taiwan) Original geographic distributions of Taiwanese aboriginal peoples (from History of Taiwan) Map of Asia showing the "Chinese Empire" (1892) (from History of Taiwan) Section of a painting depicting daily life of the Taokas people, 1684–1722 (from History of Taiwan) Map of Taiwan with the western coast pointed downwards, c. 1640 (from History of Taiwan) Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty in 1734 (from History of Taiwan) The Imperial Guard Defeats the Enemy in Hard Fighting at Keelung on the Island of Taiwan, 1895 (from History of Taiwan) Photo from Savages of Formosa, a 1926 government report on tribal life in Taiwan (from History of Taiwan) Bunun dancer in traditional aboriginal dress (1989) (from Culture of Taiwan) Conquest of Douliumen (Zhuluo) (from History of Taiwan) Chinese depiction of Chikan (Fort Provintia), 1752 (from History of Taiwan) Two 7-Eleven stores opposite each other on a crossroad. Taiwan has the highest density of 7-Eleven stores per person in the world (from Culture of Taiwan) Map showing the Revolt of the Three Feudatories (1673–1681) (from History of Taiwan) Kagi Shrine, one of many Shinto shrines built in Taiwan. (from History of Taiwan) Severed heads of Seediq rebels (from History of Taiwan) The Capture of Lin Shuangwen (from History of Taiwan) Japanese painting of the expedition forces attacking the Mudan tribe, 1874 (from History of Taiwan) Woodcut of the mass killings which took place during the February 28 Incident (from History of Taiwan) Statue of Chen Di in Lianjiang County (from History of Taiwan) Mid-17th century portrait of Koxinga (Guoxingye or "Kok seng ia" in southern Fujianese), "Lord of the Imperial Surname" (from History of Taiwan) Shi Lang (1621–1696) in an 18th-century painting (from History of Taiwan) A map of the Empire of Japan including Taiwan ("barbarian land" in red) in 1895 (from History of Taiwan) Pearl milk tea (from Culture of Taiwan) Yin and Yang symbol of Taoism (from Culture of Taiwan) Section of Kangxi period painting of Taiwan, 1684–1722 (from History of Taiwan) Departure of a Ryukyuan ship bearing tribute to Beijing, 1831 (from History of Taiwan) 1901 map with red line marking approximate boundary separating territory under actual Japanese administration from "Savage District" (from History of Taiwan) Apo Hsu and the NTNU Symphony Orchestra on stage in the National Concert Hall in Taipei and Play Saint-Saens's Organ Symphony No. 3 (from Culture of Taiwan) On this day... In the news 19 August 2024 – 2023–2024 mpox epidemic Health officials in Tainan City, Taiwan, report that they have confirmed three cases of mpox so far this year. (TVBS Taiwan) 24 July 2024 – 2024 Pacific typhoon season Two people are killed and 266 others are injured by Typhoon Gaemi in northern Taiwan as the typhoon passes through Fujian province, China, and heads inland. (Reuters) Topics Cross-strait relations Diplomatic posts Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan) Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan) Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau Diplomacy Opening of the South-North route Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping Kinmen Agreement Wang–Koo summit Cross-strait charter 2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum May 17 Statement 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China Cross-strait high-level talks First Chen–Chiang summit Second Chen–Chiang summit Fourth Chen–Chiang summit Fifth Chen–Chiang summit Sixth Chen–Chiang summit Seventh Chen–Chiang summit Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Cross-Strait CEO Summit Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline 2014 Wang–Zhang meetings 2015 Xi–Chu meeting Ma–Xi meeting Straits Forum Shanghai-Taipei City Forum Second Ma–Xi meeting Conflicts Chinese Civil War Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan Guanbi policy First Taiwan Strait Crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis Senkaku Islands Dispute Incidents Capture of the Tuapse Kashmir Princess Battle of Dong-Yin United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 Project National Glory Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations CAAC Flight 296 China Airlines Flight 334 1987 Lieyu massacre Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident Min Ping Yu No. 5202 1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions Qiandao Lake incident China Airlines Flight 611 Sunflower Student Movement Braga incident Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement Wang Liqiang Freedom pineapples 2021 Solomon Islands unrest 2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan 2023 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan 2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident Legislation Cross-Strait Act Proposed National Unification Promotion Law Anti-Secession Law Anti-Infiltration Act Organizations All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum Cross-Strait Peace Forum Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum Mainland Affairs Council National Unification Council Straits Exchange Foundation Taiwan Affairs Office Taiwan Competitiveness Forum Taiwan Strait Tourism Association Concepts 1992 Consensus China Circle Chinese unification Chinese nationalism Chinese irredentism Chinese Taipei Cross-Strait Economic Zone Dang Guo Four Noes and One Without Greater China Han chauvinism One China One-China policy One Country on Each Side One country, two systems Propaganda in China Cross-strait propaganda Republic of China on Taiwan Self-determination Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang Socialism with Chinese characteristics Special non-state-to-state relations Six Assurances Taiwan, China Two Chinas Three Noes Three Links Taiwan consensus Taiwan independence movement Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan United front in Taiwan Under the Roof of One China Xi Jinping Thought Zhonghua minzu Related Fujian–Taiwan relationship Hong Kong–Taiwan relations Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council Pro-ROC camp Chinese Travel Document Exit & Entry Permit Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents Cross-strait language database ECFA Debate HMS Aurora (12) China and the United Nations China and the World Bank Chinese intelligence activity abroad Chinese information operations and information warfare Chinese Soviet Republic Freedom of religion in China Foreign relations of China Timeline of diplomatic relations with China Political status of Taiwan Foreign relations of Taiwan Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity Timeline of diplomatic relations with Taiwan Geostrategy in Taiwan Anti-Communist Hero Milk Tea Alliance Taishang G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway China National Highway 228 (Taiwan) Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama The World Turned Upside Down Go and Reclaim the Mainland Category:Cross-strait relations Elections and referendums in Taiwan
Presidential elections	1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028
Legislative Yuan elections	1969 1972 1975 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Next
Local elections	1935 1936 1939 1940 1946 1950–51 1952 1954 1955 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1963 1964 1965 1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1975 1977 1978 1981 1982 1985 1986 1989 1990 1993 1994 1997–98 2001–02 2005–06 2009 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026
Referendums	2004 2008 (Jan) 2008 (Mar) 2018 2021 2022
National Assembly elections	1969 1972 1980 1986 1991 1996 2005
See also: Elections in the Republic of China (1912–49) List of by-elections in Taiwan