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Albertaont (talk | contribs) this is within the article, talk page talks about renaming entire article, which this is not |
Undid revision 1020229449 by Albertaont (talk) see BRD this is still being debated by academics. This is about the removal, not the modern view of its affects. Infobox are not that nuanced. |
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| target = [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in the eastern United States
| date = 1830–1847
| type = [[Population transfer]], [[ethnic cleansing
| fatalities = 8,000+ (lowest estimate)
| perpetrators = [[United States]]
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'''Indian removal''' is the former [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] policy of [[forced displacement]] of self-governing tribes of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] from their ancestral homelands in the [[eastern United States]] to lands west of the [[Mississippi River]]{{snd}}specifically, to a designated [[Indian Territory]] (roughly, present-day [[History of Oklahoma#The Indian relocation|Oklahoma]]).<ref name="NOTE2" /><ref name="Anderson2014" /><ref name="AmericanIndianSmithsonian" /> The [[Indian Removal Act]], the key law which authorized the removal of Native tribes , was signed by [[Andrew Jackson]] in 1830. Although Jackson took a hard line on Indian removal, the law was enforced primarily during the [[Martin Van Buren]] administration.<ref name="Lewey2004" /><ref name="Moses2008" /> After the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830, approximately 100,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trail of Tears {{!}} Facts, Map, & Significance |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Trail-of-Tears |access-date=2020-12-25 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> members of the [[Cherokee]], [[Muscogee (Creek) Nation|Muscogee]] (Creek), [[Seminole]], [[Chickasaw]], and [[Choctaw]] nations (including thousands of their [[Native American slave ownership|black slaves]]) were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands, with thousands dying during the [[Trail of Tears]].<ref name="Thornton, Russell 1991. 75–93">{{Cite book |last=Thornton, Russell (1991). |title=Cherokee Removal: Before and After |editor-last=William L. Anderson |pages=75–93 |chapter=The Demography of the Trail of Tears Period: A New Estimate of Cherokee Population Losses}}</ref><ref name="Prucha 241 note 58">{{Cite book |last=Prucha |first=Francis Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSeWGTYsFcsC |title=The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians |date=1995-01-01 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=0803287348 |pages=241 note 58}}</ref><ref name="Ehle 390–392">{{Cite book |last=Ehle |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MC2lR-lpmfwC |title=Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation |date=2011-06-08 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=9780307793836 |pages=390–392}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Trail of Tears |url=http://www.cherokee.org/About-The-Nation/History/Trail-of-Tears/A-Brief-History-of-the-Trail-of-Tears |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018070255/http://www.cherokee.org/About-The-Nation/History/Trail-of-Tears/A-Brief-History-of-the-Trail-of-Tears |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |access-date=2017-10-17 |publisher=www.cherokee.org |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Indian removal, a popular policy among white settlers, was a [[Territorial evolution of the United States|consequence of actions]] by European settlers in North America during the colonial period and then by the United States government (and its citizens) until the mid-20th century.<ref name="Kanth2009" /><ref name="FinkelmanKennon2008" /> The policy traced its origins to the administration of [[James Monroe]], although it addressed conflicts between European and Native Americans which had occurred since the 17th century and were escalating into the early 19th century (as white settlers pushed westward in the cultural belief of [[manifest destiny#Native Americans|manifest destiny]]). Historical views of Indian removal have been reevaluated since that time. Widespread contemporary acceptance of the policy, due in part to the popular embrace of the concept of [[manifest destiny]], has given way to a more-somber perspective.
==Revolutionary background==
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