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Wiktionary

上下

Chinese

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up; on; on top
up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
 
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
 
simp. and trad.
(上下) 		上 下

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上下

  1. high and low
  2. from top to bottom
  3. up and down
  4. old and young
  5. relative superiority or inferiority
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上下

  1. (after round numbers) thereabouts; neighbourhood; about; or so
    Synonym: 左右 (zuǒyòu)
    兩年上下／两年上下  ―  liǎng nián shàngxià  ―  two years or so

Adverb

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上下

  1. (Cantonese) almost; about to

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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上下

  1. to go up and down
  2. (Meixian Hakka) to have contact with; to have dealings with
  3. (Taiwanese Hakka) to pass by
Synonyms
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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (上下):

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
上 下
あ(がり)
Grade: 1 		お(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上(あ)がり (agari, “rising, going up”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 上(あ)がる (agaru, “to rise, to go up”)) + 下(お)り (ori, “descending, going down”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(お)りる (oriru, “to descend, to go down”)).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(あがり)下(おり) • (agariori) 

  1. ascending and descending, ascent and descent

Verb

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上(あがり)下(さがり)する • (agarisagari suru) suru (stem 上(あがり)下(さがり)し (agarisagari shi), past 上(あがり)下(さがり)した (agarisagari shita))

  1. to ascend and descend, to go up and go down

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
上 下
あ(がり)
Grade: 1 		さ(がり)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上(あ)がり (agari, “rising, going up”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 上(あ)がる (agaru, “to rise, to go up”)) + 下(さ)がり (sagari, “coming down, hanging down”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(さ)がる (sagaru, “to come down, to hang down”)).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(あがり)下(さがり) • (agarisagari) 

  1. rise and fall, fluctuation (as a level of something, such as a price)

Verb

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上(あがり)下(さがり)する • (agarisagari suru) suru (stem 上(あがり)下(さがり)し (agarisagari shi), past 上(あがり)下(さがり)した (agarisagari shita))

  1. to rise and fall, to fluctuate (as a level of something, such as a price)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
上 下
あ(げ)
Grade: 1 		お(ろし)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上げ (age, “raising, lifting up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下ろし (oroshi, “lowering, bringing down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下ろす orosu, “to lower something, to bring something down”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(あげ)下(おろし) • (ageoroshi) 

  1. raising and lowering of something
  2. loading and unloading (as of the cargo in a ship)
  3. weaving on a loom (from the way the warp is raised and lowered)
Idioms
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Idioms

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
上 下
あ(げ)
Grade: 1 		くだ(し)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上げ (age, “raising, lifting up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下だし (kudashi, “putting something down; passing something through one's gut”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下す kudasu, “to put something down; to pass something through one's gut”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(あげ)下(くだし) • (agekudashi) 

  1. bringing something back up and passing something → vomiting and having diarrhea

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
上 下
あ(げ)
Grade: 1 		さ(げ)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上げ (age, “raising, lifting up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下げ (sage, “lowering something, hanging something down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下げる sageru, “to lower something, to hang something down”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(あげ)下(さげ) • (agesage) 

  1. raising and lowering of something
  2. (more specifically) the raising and lowering of prices
  3. praising and berating someone
  4. good times and bad times, thick and thin, ups and downs
  5. the start and finish of something (such as the process of setting a table for a meal, and then clearing up afterwards)
  6. the ebb and flow of the tides
Idioms
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Idioms

Verb

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上(あげ)下(さげ)する • (agesage suru) suru (stem 上(あげ)下(さげ)し (agesage shi), past 上(あげ)下(さげ)した (agesage shita))

  1. to raise and lower something
  2. (more specifically) to raise and lower prices
  3. to praise and berate someone
  4. to start and finish something (such as the process of setting a table for a meal, and then clearing up afterwards)
  5. to ebb and flow, such as the tides

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
上 下
うえ
Grade: 1 		した
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上 (ue, “up”) +‎ 下 (shita, “down”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(うえ)下(した) • (ueshita) ←うへした (ufesita)?

  1. up and down, the upper and the lower
  2. the nobility and the commoners
  3. (in reference to western-style clothing) upper clothing (such as shirts and jackets) and lower clothing (such as trousers and socks)
  4. outerwear and underwear
  5. upside-down
Idioms
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Idioms
Synonyms
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Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
上 下
かみ
Grade: 1 		しも
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上 (kami, “up, upper; first”) +‎ 下 (shimo, “down, lower; last”).[1][2]

Pronunciation 1

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Noun
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上(かみ)下(しも) • (kamishimo) 

  1. the upper and the lower
    1. (more specifically) upstream and downstream
    2. (more specifically) upstage and downstage
    3. (more specifically) high status and low status
    4. (more specifically) the city and the countryside
    5. (more specifically) the upper body and the lower body
    6. (more specifically) the first three lines and the last two lines of a traditional waka poem
    7. (more specifically) the first half the last half of a month
  2. various things

Pronunciation 2

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Alternative forms
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Noun
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上(かみ)下(しも) • (kamishimo) 

  1. (traditional Japanese clothing) the robe and hakama as a set
  2. (by extension) extreme formality

Etymology 8

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Kanji in this term
上 下
か(り)
Grade: 1 		め(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上り (kari, “rising in tone”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上る karu, “to rise in tone”) +‎ 下り (meri, “falling in tone”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下る meru, “to fall in tone”).[1]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(かり)下(めり) • (karimeri) 

  1. (music) a rise in tone and a fall in tone

Verb

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上(かり)下(めり)する • (karimeri suru) suru (stem 上(かり)下(めり)し (karimeri shi), past 上(かり)下(めり)した (karimeri shita))

  1. (music) to rise and fall in tone

Etymology 9

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Kanji in this term
上 下
しょう
Grade: 1 		か
Grade: 1
on'yomi

/ɕauka/ → /ɕɔːka/ → /ɕoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyangH hæX, literally “up and down”). Compare modern Cantonese reading soeng6 haa6 or Hakka song-ha.

The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(しょう)下(か) • (shōka) ←しやうか (syauka)?

  1. up and down
  2. the upper and the lower (especially, the rulers and the ruled)
  3. rising and falling
  4. an exchange of opinions

Verb

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上(しょう)下(か)する • (shōka suru) ←しやうか (syauka)?suru (stem 上(しょう)下(か)し (shōka shi), past 上(しょう)下(か)した (shōka shita))

  1. to rise and fall
  2. to exchange opinions

Etymology 10

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Kanji in this term
上 下
じょう
Grade: 1 		か
Grade: 1
on'yomi

/d͡ʑauka/ → /d͡ʑɔːka/ → /d͡ʑoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyangH hæX, literally “up and down”). Compare modern Min Nan alternative reading chiūⁿ hā.

A mixed reading, using the goon of jō and the kan'on of ka.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(じょう)下(か) • (jōka) ←じやうか (zyauka)?

  1. up and down
  2. high grade and low grade
  3. the upper and lower houses of the Diet or parliament
  4. ascending and descending, climbing up and climbing down

Verb

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上(じょう)下(か)する • (jōka suru) ←じやうか (zyauka)?suru (stem 上(じょう)下(か)し (jōka shi), past 上(じょう)下(か)した (jōka shita))

  1. to ascend and descend, to climb up and climb down

Etymology 11

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Kanji in this term
上 下
じょう
Grade: 1 		げ
Grade: 1
on'yomi

/d͡ʑauɡe/ → /d͡ʑɔːɡe/ → /d͡ʑoːɡe/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyangH hæX, literally “up and down”). Compare modern Cantonese reading soeng6 haa6, Hakka song-ha, or Min Nan alternative reading chiūⁿ hā.

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(じょう)下(げ) • (jōge) ←じやうげ (zyauge)?

  1. the high and the low, the upper and the lower
  2. (clothing) a suit, a set of clothing consisting of garments for the upper and lower body
  3. rising and falling, ascent and descent
  4. the city and the country (the city is considered “up”)
  5. north and south (north is considered “up”)
  6. volumes one and two of a two-volume book or other document
  7. roundtrip travel on a river, going both upstream and downstream
  8. high rank and low rank
  9. the nobility and the commoners
  10. the lord and the ministers
  11. the old and the young
  12. an exchange of words, a discussion, question and answer
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Derived terms

Verb

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上(じょう)下(げ)する • (jōge suru) ←じやうげ (zyauge)?suru (stem 上(じょう)下(げ)し (jōge shi), past 上(じょう)下(げ)した (jōge shita))

  1. to rise and fall, to ascend and descend
  2. to travel roundtrip on a river, going both upstream and downstream
  3. to exchange words, to discuss, to question and answer

Etymology 12

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Kanji in this term
上 下
のぼ(り)
Grade: 1 		お(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上ぼり (nobori, “climbing, going up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上る noboru, “to climb, to go up”) +‎ 下り (ori, “descending, going down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下りる oriru, “to descend, to go down”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(のぼり)下(おり) • (noboriori) 

  1. ascending and descending, climbing and coming back down (particularly as of a person or thing travelling or moving up and down, such as stairs or levels)

Verb

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上(のぼり)下(おり)する • (noboriori suru) suru (stem 上(のぼり)下(おり)し (noboriori shi), past 上(のぼり)下(おり)した (noboriori shita))

  1. to ascend and descend, to climb and come back down (particularly as of a person or thing travelling or moving up and down, such as stairs or levels)

Etymology 13

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Kanji in this term
上 下
のぼ(り)
Grade: 1 		くだ(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上ぼり (nobori, “climbing, going up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上る noboru, “to climb, to go up”) +‎ 下り (kudari, “descending, coming down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下る kudaru, “to descend a path, to come down a path”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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上(のぼり)下(くだり) • (noborikudari) 

  1. climbing up and climbing down (particularly as of a person or path travelling or moving up and down, such as a road going uphill and downhill in the mountains)
  2. going upstream and downstream (such as on a river, or on a highway with “up” indicating towards a city)

Verb

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上(のぼり)下(くだり)する • (noborikudari suru) suru (stem 上(のぼり)下(くだり)し (noborikudari shi), past 上(のぼり)下(くだり)した (noborikudari shita))

  1. to climb up and climb down
  2. to go upstream and downstream (such as on a river, or on a highway with “up” indicating towards a city)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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