体

See also: 體, 休, and 𠇾

体	U+4F53, 体 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F53

← 佒
[U+4F52]

CJK Unified Ideographs

佔 →
[U+4F54]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	体
Simplified	体
Traditional	體/体

Alternative forms

In the historical Chinese dictionary Longkan Shoujian (龍龕手鑑), this character is written in the form of ⿰亻夲.

Han character

体 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人木一 (ODM), four-corner 2523₀, composition ⿰亻本)

Derived characters

𭈄, 𭰟, 𬌕, 𫌠/𧡊, 𥮋

Related characters

體 (Orthodox traditional form of 体)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 509
Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 1
Unihan data for U+4F53

Chinese

Etymology 1

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亻 (“person”) + 本 (“basis”).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 体 – see 體 (“body; part of the body; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 體).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		体

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 体
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (本) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
本	*pɯːnʔ
笨	pɯːnʔ, bɯːnʔ
苯	*pɯːnʔ
翉	*pʰɯːnʔ
体	*bɯːnʔ
鉢	*poːd
缽	*poːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèn (ben⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ban⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèn
  - Wade–Giles: pên⁴
  - Yale: bèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benn
  - Palladius: бэнь (bɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ban⁶
  - Yale: bahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ban⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ben⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐn²²/

Middle Chinese: bwonX

Rime
Character	体
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒲本切
Baxter	bwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/buon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/buən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwən^X/
Li Rong	/buən^X/
Wang Li	/buən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	体
Reading #	1/1
No.	477
Phonetic component	本
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	獖
Old Chinese	/*bɯːnʔ/
Notes	晉書作笨

Definitions

体

Alternative form of 笨 (bèn, “coarse appearance; inferior”)
Used in 体夫 (“pallbearer”).

Compounds

体夫

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		体

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cuì (cui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cuèi
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻui⁴
  - Yale: tswèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuey
  - Palladius: цуй (cuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

体

^‡ name of prison

Japanese

Shinjitai	体
Kyūjitai	體

Kanji

体

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 體)

Readings

Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
Kun: からだ (karada, 体, Jōyō)
Nanori: なり (nari); み (mi); みる (miru); もと (moto)

Usage notes

This character was originally an alternative form of 笨 (bèn) as used in Chinese. This usage now appears to be obsolete, at least in Japanese, where 体 and 笨 are distinct characters and are not interchangeable. See the Chinese 体 and Japanese 笨 entries for further details.

Compounds

身体(からだ) (karada)
為体(ていたらく) (teitaraku)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
体
たい Grade: 2
goon

Alternative spelling
體 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 體 (MC thejX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たい [táꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ta̠i]

Counter

体(たい) • (-tai)

counter for humanoid objects
- 2017 March 25, “リンク・スパイダー [Link Spider]”, in STARTER(スターター) DECK(デッキ), Konami:
  
  通(つう)常(じょう)モンスター１(いっ)体(たい)
  ①(いち)：１(いっ)ターンに１(いち)度(ど)、自(じ)分(ぶん)メインフェイズに発(はつ)動(どう)できる。手(て)札(ふだ)からレベル４以下(よんいか)の通(つう)常(じょう)モンスター１(いっ)体(たい)をこのカードのリンク先(さき)に特(とく)殊(しゅ)召(しょう)喚(かん)する。
  Tsūjō Monsutā ittaī
  Chi: Ittān ni ichi-do, jibun Mein Feizu ni hatsudō dekiru. tefuda kara Reberu yon ika no Tsūjō Monsutā ittai o kono kādo no rinku-saki ni Tokushu Shōkan suru.
  1 or more Normal Monsters
  1: Once per turn, can be activated during your Main Phase. Special Summons 1 Normal Monster of Level 4 or lower from your hand to where this card is linked to.

Noun

体(たい) • (tai)

the body (e.g., of a human or animal)
1. (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen
a substance, matter
a form, shape
(algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
体
てい Grade: 2
kan'on

Alternative spellings
體 (kyūjitai) 態

From Middle Chinese 體 (MC thejX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てー [téꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [te̞ː]

Noun

体(てい) • (tei)

an outward appearance, look, aspect
そういうていで ― sō iu tei de ― assuming that it is so

Derived terms

体(てい)裁(さい) (teisai)
体(てい)良(よ)く (teiyoku)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
体
からだ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
體 (kyūjitai)

For pronunciation and definitions of 体 – see the following entry.

【からだ】

[noun] [from 950] body

[noun] [from 1884] the state of one's body:

[noun] physique, constitution, frame

[noun] health

Alternative spellings
身体, 躯, 躰

(This term, 体, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 體 (MC thejX).

Hanja

体 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che))

Alternative form of 體 (“hanja form^? of 체 (“body”)”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 体 (MC bwonX).

Hanja

体 (eumhun 용렬할 분 (yongnyeolhal bun))

Alternative form of 笨 (“hanja form^? of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Okinawan

Kanji

体

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): てー (tē)
Kun: からた (karata)

Compounds

五(ぐ)体(てー) (gutē)
胴(どぅー)体(てー) (dūtē)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
体
からた Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
體 (kyūjitai)

Cognate with Japanese 体 (karada).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Shuri-Naha) からた [káꜜràtà] (Kakō - [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [kaɾata]

Noun

体(からた) (karata)

body
体(からた)洗(あら)いん
karata arain
to wash [one’s] body / to wash oneself

References

^ “からた【体・躰・躯・身体】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

Vietnamese

Etymology 1

Han character

体: Hán Nôm readings: thể

body

Etymology 2

Han character

体: Hán Nôm readings: thấy

Alternative form of 𫌠/𧡊 (to see)

References

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[3] “からた【体・躰・躯・身体】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

[4] Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

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