母
|
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
edit母 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田卜戈 (WYI), four-corner 77500, composition ⿻⿻𠃋𠃌⿻⺀一)
Derived characters
edit- Appendix:Chinese radical/毋
- 㑄, 呣, 坶, 姆, 𡥓, 㟂, 𢘃, 拇, 𣳠, 𤝕, 乸, 栂, 𣭇, 牳, 𭹃, 胟, 𤵝, 𥎳, 砪, 䍭, 𧉯, 𧰷, 𧿹, 𨈶, 𨱱, 鉧(𬭁), 𩶋
- 㝀, 𨾥, 䳇, 𠰔, 𡥘, 𢘓, 袰, 𧦥, 貫, 𡴋, 苺, 𣳗, 𤯟, 𦊏, 𭑐, 𥬦, 𬙰, 𫕢, 𣚺, 㺙
Related characters
edit- 毋 (See glyph origin)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 588, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16723
- Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 32
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2380, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6BCD
Further reading
editChinese
editsimp. and trad. |
母 |
---|
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 母 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
拇 | *mɯʔ |
母 | *mɯʔ |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
梅 | *mɯː |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
每 | *mɯːʔ |
毎 | *mɯːs |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
晦 | *hmɯːs |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Differentiated form of 女 with the addition of distinguishing dots. In the early oracle bone texts both words 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) and 母 were written as 女 (Yao, 1989, Liu, 2011, Huang, 2014).
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mu3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): му (mu, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mu2
- Northern Min (KCR): mǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): mō̤ / mū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mo3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
- Wade–Giles: mu3
- Yale: mǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
- Palladius: му (mu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mu
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: му (mu, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mou5
- Yale: móuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: mou5
- Guangdong Romanization: mou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbu²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mû
- Hakka Romanization System: muˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mu1
- Sinological IPA: /mu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mō̤ / mū
- Sinological IPA (key): /mo³³/, /mu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- mō̤ - “female; capital; suffix”;
- mū - “mother”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó
- Tâi-lô: bó
- Phofsit Daibuun: boir
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /bo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
- Tâi-lô: bóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: bor
- IPA (Xiamen, Yilan): /bɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Xiamen:
- bú - vernacular;
- bó͘ - literary.
- Quanzhou:
- bú, bó͘ - vernacular;
- bió - literary.
- Zhangzhou:
- bú - vernacular;
- bó - literary.
- Taiwan:
- bó - vernacular;
- bió/bó͘, bú - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bho2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bó
- Sinological IPA (key): /bo⁵²/
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading)
- (Northern: Chongming, Haining, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Jiading, Haining, Haiyan)
- (Northern: Jiading, Tongxiang)
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- (Northern: Changzhou)
- (Northern: Jiaxing, Haining, Haiyan, Shaoxing)
- (Northern: Tongxiang)
- (Northern: Haining)
- (Northern: Ningbo)
- (Jinhua)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mo⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 母 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /mu²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /mu²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /mu¹³/ | |
Jinan | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /mu⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /mu⁵³/ | |
Xining | /mv̩⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /mu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /mu⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /mu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /mu⁴²/ /moŋ⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /mu⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /mu⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /mu⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /mu²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /mʊ²⁴/ /məŋ²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /mu⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /mu⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /mu⁵³/ ~的 /məʔ⁰/ 外~娘 | |
Wu | Shanghai | /mu²³/ /m̩²³/ |
Suzhou | /mo⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /mu⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /mu³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /mɔ³⁵/ /m̩³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /m̩²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /mo⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /mo⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /mu²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /mu⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /mu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mou²³/ |
Nanning | /mu²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /mou¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bɔ⁵³/ /bu⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mo³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /mu²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /bo⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /mu²¹³/ /mai²¹³/ 俗 |
- Middle Chinese: muwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/
Definitions
edit母
- mother
- Used to address a female elder member of a family.
- (of animal) female
- (figuratively, of instruments, tools, or connectors) female
- pertaining to origin
- 母校 ― mǔxiào ― alma mater
- a surname
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 丁母憂/丁母忧 (dīngmǔyōu)
- 丈母 (zhàngmǔ)
- 丈母娘
- 世母
- 主母
- 九子母
- 乳母 (rǔmǔ)
- 亡母 (wángmǔ)
- 介母
- 令母
- 代母 (dàimǔ)
- 伯母 (bómǔ)
- 佛母 (fómǔ)
- 伯祖母 (bózǔmǔ)
- 保母 (bǎomǔ)
- 修母畫荻/修母画荻 (xiū mǔ huàdí)
- 傅母
- 先母 (xiānmǔ)
- 兒母/儿母
- 公分母
- 公母倆/公母俩 (gōngmuliǎ)
- 公筷母匙 (gōngkuàimǔchí)
- 再生父母 (zàishēngfùmǔ)
- 分母 (fēnmǔ)
- 前母
- 升堂拜母
- 半母音 (bànmǔyīn)
- 叔母 (shūmǔ)
- 叔祖母 (shūzǔmǔ)
- 召父杜母
- 同母
- 單韻母/单韵母 (dānyùnmǔ)
- 嗣父母
- 四郎探母
- 國母/国母 (guómǔ)
- 國音字母/国音字母
- 壽母/寿母
- 外母 (wàimǔ)
- 外祖母 (wàizǔmǔ)
- 大母
- 天上聖母/天上圣母 (Tiānshàng Shèngmǔ)
- 天仙聖母/天仙圣母
- 太師母/太师母
- 太母
- 奶母 (nǎimǔ)
- 妗母 (jìnmǔ)
- 姏母
- 姑母 (gūmǔ)
- 姻母
- 姨母 (yímǔ)
- 娘母子
- 嫡母 (dímǔ)
- 嫫母 (mómǔ)
- 嬸母/婶母 (shěnmǔ)
- 孀母
- 子母印
- 子母扣兒/子母扣儿 (zǐmǔkòur)
- 子母相權/子母相权
- 子母船
- 字母 (zìmǔ)
- 季母
- 孟母 (Mèngmǔ)
- 孟母三遷/孟母三迁 (mèngmǔsānqiān)
- 孟母擇鄰/孟母择邻
- 孟母斷織/孟母断织
- 學而名母/学而名母
- 宜母子 (yímǔzǐ)
- 官話字母/官话字母
- 家母 (jiāmǔ)
- 家祖母
- 寄母 (jìmǔ)
- 寡母
- 岳母 (yuèmǔ)
- 工作母機/工作母机 (gōngzuò mǔjī)
- 希臘字母/希腊字母
- 師母/师母 (shīmǔ)
- 床母
- 庶母 (shùmǔ)
- 後母/后母 (hòumǔ)
- 徐母罵曹/徐母骂曹
- 從母/从母 (cóngmǔ)
- 恩同父母
- 慈母 (címǔ)
- 戀母情結/恋母情结 (liànmǔ qíngjié)
- 手指字母
- 拉丁字母 (Lādīng Zìmǔ)
- 拜母
- 拼音字母 (pīnyīn zìmǔ)
- 捲舌韻母/卷舌韵母
- 文母
- 智母
- 曾母投杼
- 曾母暗沙 (Zēngmǔ Ànshā)
- 曾祖母 (zēngzǔmǔ)
- 木母
- 歐母畫荻/欧母画荻 (ōu mǔ huàdí)
- 母主
- 母以子貴/母以子贵 (mǔyǐzǐguì)
- 母儀/母仪 (mǔyí)
- 母儀天下/母仪天下
- 母儀足式/母仪足式
- 母兄 (mǔxiōng)
- 母兒/母儿
- 母匙
- 母后 (mǔhòu)
- 母哈赤
- 母喪/母丧
- 母國/母国 (mǔguó)
- 母夜叉 (mǔyèchā)
- 母大蟲/母大虫
- 母女 (mǔnǚ)
- 母姊會/母姊会
- 母子 (mǔzǐ)
- 母屋
- 母帶/母带 (mǔdài)
- 母弟 (mǔdì)
- 母性 (mǔxìng)
- 母性愛/母性爱
- 母愛/母爱 (mǔ'ài)
- 母慈子孝
- 母教
- 母斑
- 母本 (mǔběn)
- 母校 (mǔxiào)
- 母機/母机 (mǔjī)
- 母權/母权 (mǔquán)
- 母法
- 母獅子/母狮子
- 母範/母范 (mǔfàn)
- 母系 (mǔxì)
- 母系制度
- 母老子幼
- 母老虎 (mǔlǎohǔ)
- 母舅 (mǔjiù)
- 母艦/母舰 (mǔjiàn)
- 母親/母亲 (mǔqīn)
- 母親節/母亲节 (mǔqīnjié)
- 母語/母语 (mǔyǔ)
- 母語人士/母语人士 (mǔyǔ rénshì)
- 母財/母财
- 母錢/母钱
- 母雞/母鸡 (mǔjī)
- 母難日/母难日
- 母音 (mǔyīn)
- 母體/母体 (mǔtǐ)
- 母黨/母党
- 氣母/气母
- 水母 (shuǐmǔ)
- 水母目蝦/水母目虾 (shuǐmǔ mù xiā)
- 海月水母
- 海蛇水母
- 漂母
- 漂母進食/漂母进食
- 漂母進飯/漂母进饭
- 濁母/浊母
- 濁聲母/浊声母
- 父天母地
- 父母 (fùmǔ)
- 父母之命
- 父母之邦
- 父母國/父母国
- 父母子女
- 父母官 (fùmǔguān)
- 父母恩勤
- 父母雙亡/父母双亡
- 父母骨肉
- 父精母血
- 爸母
- 王母 (wángmǔ)
- 王母娘娘 (Wángmǔ Niángniang)
- 王母蟠桃
- 珍珠母 (zhēnzhūmǔ)
- 珠母
- 瑤池金母/瑶池金母
- 生母 (shēngmǔ)
- 異母/异母 (yìmǔ)
- 異母兄弟/异母兄弟 (yìmǔ xiōngdì)
- 病母
- 白雲母/白云母 (báiyúnmǔ)
- 益母草 (yìmǔcǎo)
- 目蓮救母/目莲救母
- 祖母 (zǔmǔ)
- 祖母綠/祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)
- 禍母/祸母
- 結合韻母/结合韵母
- 繼母/继母 (jìmǔ)
- 續母/续母
- 羅馬字母/罗马字母 (Luómǎ Zìmǔ)
- 義母/义母 (yìmǔ)
- 老母
- 老母雞/老母鸡 (lǎomǔjī)
- 聖母/圣母 (shèngmǔ)
- 聖母像/圣母像
- 聖母峰/圣母峰 (Shèngmǔ Fēng)
- 聲母/声母 (shēngmǔ)
- 胡母敬
- 舅母 (jiùmǔ)
- 航空母艦/航空母舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)
- 蓐母
- 薄母
- 薑母鴨/姜母鸭 (jiāngmǔyā)
- 螺母 (luómǔ)
- 螺絲母/螺丝母 (luósīmǔ)
- 衣食父母 (yīshífùmǔ)
- 複合韻母/复合韵母
- 褓母 (bǎomǔ)
- 複韻母/复韵母
- 西王母 (Xīwángmǔ)
- 親家母/亲家母 (qìngjiamǔ)
- 親母/亲母 (qīnmǔ)
- 親生父母/亲生父母
- 誼母/谊母
- 貝母/贝母 (bèimǔ)
- 賢妻良母/贤妻良母 (xiánqīliángmǔ)
- 酒母 (jiǔmǔ)
- 酵母 (jiàomǔ)
- 酵母菌
- 重生父母
- 金母
- 金雲母/金云母
- 阿母 (āmǔ)
- 雞母珠/鸡母珠
- 離母/离母
- 雲母/云母 (yúnmǔ)
- 電母/电母 (Diànmǔ)
- 零聲母/零声母 (língshēngmǔ)
- 非母語人士/非母语人士 (fēi-mǔyǔ rénshì)
- 革命之母
- 韻母/韵母 (yùnmǔ)
- 颶母/飓母
- 食母
- 養母/养母 (yǎngmǔ)
- 養身父母/养身父母
- 驪山老母/骊山老母
- 高祖母 (gāozǔmǔ)
- 鬼母
- 鴇母/鸨母 (bǎomǔ)
- 鴨母/鸭母
- 鴾母/𱉲母
- 黑雲母/黑云母
- 鼻韻母/鼻韵母 (bíyùnmǔ)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “母”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02098
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: む (mu); も (mo)
- Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
- Kan’yō-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
- Kun: はは (haha, 母, Jōyō)←はは (fafa, 母, historical); はわ (hawa, 母)←はは (fafa, 母, historical); は (ha, 母); あも (amo, 母); おも (omo, 母); かか (kaka, 母); かあ (kā, 母)
Compounds
editUsage notes
editIn isolation, the character 母 has 5 strokes in modern Japanese – it is not simplified. In shinjitai compound characters, such as 毎 or 海, it is simplified to 4 strokes, as 毋. In hyōgaiji characters such as 姆, however, the component is not simplified.
Alternative forms
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
はは Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
/haha/: */papa/ → /fafa/ → /fawa/ → /fafa/ → /haha/.
Medial /f/ [ɸ] regularly changes to /w/ [ɰᵝ], resulting in /fawa/ → /hawa/, the expected final form; see hawa below. This form first appears in the Heian period. However, likely due to spelling influence or reduplication associations, the earlier /fafa/ resurfaced in the late 16th century towards the end of the Muromachi period, with both forms seen until recent times, when hawa falls into disuse.[1] Initial /f-/ [ɸ] regularly becomes [h], resulting in modern [ha̠ha̠].
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- mother
- 織田信長の母は謎が多い。
- Oda Nobunaga no haha wa nazo ga ōi.
- Oda Nobunaga's mother was a mysterious woman.
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
- 母 尔雅云、母爲妣、卑履反、去聲之重、和名波々、日本紀私記云、以路波
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
- Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(母) 母.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 織田信長の母は謎が多い。
Usage notes
edit- This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お母さん (okāsan) are preferred.
- This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose, 母親 (hahaoya) is more common.
Coordinate terms
editDerived terms
edit- 母上 (hahaue)
- 母親 (hahaoya, “mother”)
- 母方 (hahakata, “a relative on one's mother's side”)
- ⦃⦃ja-r¦母%君¦はは%ぎみ¦mother (when addressing one's own mother; more honorific than 母上 (hahaue))⦄⦄
- 母子 (hahako, “mother and child”)
- 母御 (hahago)
- 母御前 (hahagozen)
- 母島 (Hahajima, “the main island of the Ogasawara Islands”)
- 母者 (hahaja, “a person who is a mother: a term of endearment”)
- 母者人 (hahaja hito, “a person who is a mother: a term of endearment”)
- 母刀自 (hahatoji)
- 母の日 (Haha no Hi, “Mother's Day”)
- 母御息所 (haha miyasudokoro, “an imperial concubine or other female member of the imperial household who is also a mother”)
- 母物 (hahamono, “a book, play, or other entertainment in which motherly love is a central theme”)
- 生みの母 (umi no haha), 産みの母 (umi no haha, “birth mother”)
- 国の母 (kuni no haha)
- 代理母 (dairi haha, “foster mother”)
- 父母 (chichi haha, “one's own parents”)
- 父母 (tete haha)
- ⦃⦃ja-r¦法%師 が 母¦^ほう%し が ^はは¦the title of a 狂言 (kyōgen), a short farcical performance played as an intermission in a noh play⦄⦄
- 瞼の母 (mabuta no haha, “the image of one's mother in dreams or memory, such as when one's mother is far away or has passed away”)
- 継母 (mamahaha, “stepmother, foster mother”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
はわ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, the phonologically expected development. See etymology for haha above for details.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (humble) mother
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 213:
- Faua. ハワ (母) 母親.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
- Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(母) 母.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
- Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (母)に同じ. 母. これは子供の言葉である. また、尊敬すべき婦人、あるいは、年長で一家の主婦のような婦人の意に取られる.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 60:
- Bogui. ボギ (母儀) Faua (母)に同じ. 母.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
editObsolete in mainstream Japanese. May persist in dialects.
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
は Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Possibly an abbreviation of haha, or possibly the original form.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (obsolete) mother
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
- 母 尔雅云、母爲妣、卑履反、去聲之重、和名波々、日本紀私記云、以路波
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
editNot found in isolation, only found in compounds. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
あも Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Already falling into disuse by the writing of the Man'yōshū in 759, where it is only found in pieces written in eastern dialects.[1] Possibly cognate with Korean 엄마 (eomma, “mother”), 어머니 (eomeoni, “mother”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (obsolete) mother
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4376:
- 多妣由岐尓 由久等之良受弖 阿母志々尓 己等麻乎佐受弖 伊麻叙久夜之氣
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4377:
- 阿母刀自母 多麻尓母賀母夜 伊多太伎弖 美都良乃奈可尓 阿敝麻可麻久母
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4378:
- 都久比夜波 須具波由氣等毛 阿母志々可 多麻乃須我多波 和須例西奈布母
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4383:
- 都乃久尓乃 宇美能奈伎佐尓 布奈餘曽比 多志埿毛等伎尓 阿母我米母我母
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
おも Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Appears to be an alteration from amo above.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (obsolete) mother
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:
- 和加々都乃 以都母等夜奈枳 以都母々々々 於母加古比須々 奈理麻之都之母
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4401:
- 可良己呂武 須宗尓等里都伎 奈苦古良乎 意伎弖曽伎怒也 意母奈之尓志弖
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4402:
- 知波夜布留 賀美乃美佐賀尓 奴佐麻都里 伊波布伊能知波 意毛知々我多米
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- a woman who breastfeeds and raises a child in place of a parent: a wet nurse
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2925:
- 緑児之 為社乳母者 求云 乳飲哉君之 於毛求覧
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Synonyms
edit- (wet nurse): 乳母 (uba)
Derived terms
edit- 母父 (omochichi, “one's parents”)
- 母調子 (omo chōshi)
- 母刀自 (omotoji)
- 母同胞 (omoharakara, “a sibling from the same mother”)
- 母屋 (omoya), 母家 (omoya, “main residence in a manor; main or central building in a palace; main household in an extended family; main store in a chain”)
- 母良 (omora, “in ancient times, a woman serving at the Ise Grand Shrine”)
Etymology 6
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
かか Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Unknown. One theory holds that this is a corrupted and abbreviated form of 御方様 (okatasama), a term to refer to or address someone else's wife (now extremely formal, but much more everyday in the Edo period), possibly influenced by children's speech:
/okatasama/ → /katasama/ → /kakasama/ → /kaka/
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (childish) mommy, mummy
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
- Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (母)に同じ. 母. これは子供の言葉である. また、尊敬すべき婦人、あるいは、年長で一家の主婦のような婦人の意に取られる.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (obsolete) wife
- Seen in the Edo period among the lower socioeconomic classes. Used to refer both to one's own wife when talking to others, and to refer to someone else's wife.[1]
Derived terms
editEtymology 7
editKanji in this term |
---|
母 |
かあ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alteration of kaka[1]: /kaka/ → /-kka/ → /kaː/
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editAlmost never seen in isolation. Most commonly seen with honorific prefix o- and honorific suffix -san, as お母さん (okāsan).
Derived terms
edit- 母さん (kāsan) (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)
- 母ちゃん (kāchan) (childish, informal form of address; used when addressing one's own mother)
- お母 (okā) (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)
- お母さん (okāsan) (most common term; could be used to address or refer to one's own mother, or to refer to someone else's mother)
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 母 (MC muwX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 무ᇢ〯 (Yale: mwǔw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 어〮미〮 (Yale: émí) | 모〯 (Yale: mwǒ) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [모(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Old Japanese
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 母 (MC muwX).
Phonogram
edit母 (mo2)
- Denotes phonographic syllable mo2.
Further reading
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit母: Hán Việt readings: mẫu[1][2]
母: Nôm readings: mẫu[1][2][3][4], mẹ[5]
Compounds
editReferences
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Radicals Supplement block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- CJKV radicals
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 母
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese surnames
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading む
- Japanese kanji with goon reading も
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぼう
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ぼ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はは
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading はは
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はわ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading は
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あも
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おも
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かあ
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as はは
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 母
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as はわ
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as は
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as あも
- Old Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as おも
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as かか
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese childish terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as かあ
- ja:Family
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Old Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese symbols
- Old Japanese phonograms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom