麥
See also: 麦
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Translingual
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Han character
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麥 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人弓戈 (JONI), four-corner 40207, composition ⿱來夊)
- Kangxi radical #199, ⿆.
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1512, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47717
- Dae Jaweon: page 2041, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4600, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9EA5
Chinese
edit| trad. | 麥 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 麦* | |
| alternative forms | 麦 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 麥 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“foot; to walk slowly”). 來 was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations:
- This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler 來 was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with 麥.
- 夊 represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens.
- 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant.
Etymology
editEtymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional).
Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi1, “wheat; barley”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): me2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mah6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): mà
- Eastern Min (BUC): măk / mĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8maq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): me6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mò
- Wade–Giles: mo4
- Yale: mwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- Palladius: мо (mo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: me2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: me
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mak6 / maak6
- Yale: mahk / maahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9 / maak9
- Guangdong Romanization: meg6 / mag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: maak6 - variant.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbak̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mah6
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: mag
- Hagfa Pinyim: mag6
- Sinological IPA: /mak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mà
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: măk / mĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/, /mɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- măk - vernacular;
- mĕk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍eh
- Tâi-lô: be̍eh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍k
- Tâi-lô: bi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍k
- Tâi-lô: bia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: biak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biak̚²⁴/
Note:
- be̍h/be̍eh - vernacular (including surname);
- be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 麥 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /mai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /mai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /mei²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /me⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /mɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /mei²¹/ | |
| Xining | /mɨ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /mia¹³/ /mɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /mə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mai²¹³/ /mei⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /mɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /me³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /mɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /mə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /məʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /mɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /mai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /miʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /miaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /maʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /mɑʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /mɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ma²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ma¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /mai²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɑʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mak̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /mɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐk̚²/ |
| Nanning | /mɐk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /mɐk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bik̚⁵/ /beʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /maʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ma⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /beʔ⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /vɛ³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: meak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-rˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯːɡ/
Definitions
edit麥
- general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc.
- (specifically) wheat
- (Hainanese) corn; maize
- Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”).
- Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi).
- a surname
Synonyms
edit| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傳聲器, 微音器, 擴音器, 話筒, 麥克風 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 麥克風, 話筒, 麥 |
| Singapore | 麥克風 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪, 話筒 |
| Hong Kong | 咪, 咪高峰 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 咪, 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麥克 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麥克 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麥克, 放送頭 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麥克 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麥克 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 麥克 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 麥克 | |
| Shantou | 麥克風, 話筒 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麥克風, 話筒 |
| Wenzhou | 話筒, 麥 | |
Compounds
edit- 不辨菽麥／不辨菽麦 (bùbiànshūmài)
- 丹麥／丹麦 (Dānmài)
- 丹麥人／丹麦人 (dānmàirén)
- 丹麥學派／丹麦学派
- 丹麥王國／丹麦王国 (Dānmài Wángguó)
- 丹麥語／丹麦语 (Dānmàiyǔ)
- 元麥／元麦
- 兔絲燕麥／兔丝燕麦
- 冬小麥／冬小麦 (dōngxiǎomài)
- 冬麥／冬麦 (dōngmài)
- 喀麥隆／喀麦隆 (Kāmàilóng)
- 堯夫助麥／尧夫助麦
- 大麥／大麦 (dàmài)
- 大麥籽／大麦籽
- 宿麥／宿麦
- 小麥／小麦 (xiǎomài)
- 打麥／打麦
- 打麥場／打麦场
- 拉愛麥／拉爱麦
- 挽麥子／挽麦子
- 春大麥／春大麦
- 春小麥／春小麦
- 春麥／春麦
- 毒麥／毒麦 (dúmài)
- 烏麥／乌麦
- 燕麥／燕麦 (yànmài)
- 燕麥片／燕麦片 (yànmàipiàn)
- 玉麥／玉麦 (Yùmài)
- 瑞麥／瑞麦
- 番麥粒／番麦粒
- 看麥娘／看麦娘
- 破麥破梨／破麦破梨
- 稞麥／稞麦
- 種麥得麥／种麦得麦
- 菽麥／菽麦
- 菽麥不辨／菽麦不辨
- 蕎麥／荞麦 (qiáomài)
- 蕎麥皮／荞麦皮
- 蕎麥麵／荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
- 裸麥／裸麦 (luǒmài)
- 開麥拉／开麦拉 (kāimàilā)
- 雀麥／雀麦
- 高鳳流麥／高凤流麦
- 麥丘老人／麦丘老人
- 麥仔／麦仔 (ma̍k-é)
- 麥信風／麦信风
- 麥候／麦候
- 麥個子／麦个子
- 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng)
- 麥冬／麦冬 (màidōng)
- 麥加／麦加 (Màijiā)
- 麥口期／麦口期
- 麥地那／麦地那 (Màidìnà)
- 麥子／麦子 (màizi)
- 麥寮鄉／麦寮乡
- 麥嶺／麦岭 (màilǐng)
- 麥末／麦末
- 麥浪／麦浪
- 麥燒／麦烧
- 麥片／麦片 (màipiàn)
- 麥生／麦生
- 麥生糖／麦生糖
- 麥田／麦田 (màitián)
- 麥畦／麦畦
- 麥當勞／麦当劳 (Màidāngláo)
- 麥碴兒／麦碴儿
- 麥秀／麦秀
- 麥秀兩歧／麦秀两歧
- 麥秀歌／麦秀歌
- 麥秋／麦秋 (màiqiū)
- 麥積山／麦积山
- 麥穗／麦穗 (màisuì)
- 麥穗兩歧／麦穗两歧
- 麥管／麦管
- 麥粉／麦粉 (màifěn)
- 麥粒腫／麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
- 麥精／麦精
- 麥糠／麦糠 (màikāng)
- 麥舟／麦舟
- 麥芒／麦芒 (màimáng)
- 麥芽／麦芽 (màiyá)
- 麥芽糖／麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
- 麥苗／麦苗 (màimiáo)
- 麥茬／麦茬
- 麥蓋提／麦盖提 (Màigàití)
- 麥蚜／麦蚜
- 麥蚻／麦蚻
- 麥西／麦西
- 麥角／麦角 (màijiǎo)
- 麥酒／麦酒 (màijiǔ)
- 麥隴／麦陇 (màilǒng)
- 麥飯／麦饭
- 麥麩／麦麸 (màifū)
- 黍離麥秀／黍离麦秀
- 黑麥／黑麦 (hēimài)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- (Min Nan) “Entry #8112”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
edit| 麦 | |
| 麥 |
Kanji
edit麥
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麦)
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
editCompounds
editVietnamese
editHan character
editCompounds
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