fremd
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English fremde, fremede (“strange, foreign”), from Old English fremde, fremede, fremeþe (“foreign, strange”), from Proto-Germanic *framaþiz (“foreign, not one's own”). Cognate with Scots fremmit, frempt (“fremd”), West Frisian frjemd (“strange, fremd”), Dutch vreemd (“strange, foreign”), German fremd (“fremd, strange, foreign”), Swedish främmande (“foreign, outlandish, strange”). More at from.
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: frĕmd, IPA(key): /fɹɛmd/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -ɛmd
Adjective
editfremd (comparative fremder or more fremd, superlative fremdest or most fremd)
- (rare, chiefly dialectal) Strange, unusual, out of the ordinary; unfamiliar.
- a fremd day
- Something fremd has been going on here.
- A fremd man this.
- 1892, Haldane Burgess, Rasmie's Büddie, section 43:
- Pits it i' da fremd-man's hert.
- (rare, chiefly dialectal) Not kin, unrelated; foreign.
- 1851, Mrs. Oliphant (Margaret), Passages in the life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland of Sunnyside:
- [...] seeing that they were fremd in heart, if they were kin in blood.
- 1868, Legh Knight, Tonic Bitters: A Novel, page 181:
- The doctor went up to the bed, and said, firmly, " Miss Garnock, you must not keep Mr. Yonge any longer." "Who'll he be that comes meddling between me and my Tar?" shrieked the patient. "Mither, bid yon fremd body gang his ways. I'll no be fashed wi' him the day."
- 1873, Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine:
- [...] and if I'm to be no more hereafter to them that belong to me, than to legions of strange angels, or a whole nation of fremd folk!
- 1873, Heathergate, Heathergate, page 66:
- There's room for everybody in the world, I suppose, and something for everybody to do, and it behoves them that have few kin to make the more friends of fremd folk.
- 1875, John Howard Nodal, George Milner, A glossary of the Lancashire dialect:
- Thus, a person living with a family to whom he is not related is termed "a fremd body." If it were asked, "Is he akin to you?" the answer would be, "Nawe, he's fremd," i.e. "he's one of us, but not a relation."
- 1851, Mrs. Oliphant (Margaret), Passages in the life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland of Sunnyside:
- (obsolete) Wild; untamed.
Derived terms
editNoun
editfremd (plural fremds)
- (rare or dialectal) A stranger; someone who is not a relative; a guest.
- (archaic or obsolete) An enmity.
- (childish, Internet) Humorous metathesis of "friend".
References
edit- 1906, The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, "fremd".
- 1883, The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language, "fremde, fremed".
German
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German vremde, vremede, from Old High German fremidi, from Proto-Germanic *framaþiz. Cognate with English fremd, Dutch vreemd.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editfremd (strong nominative masculine singular fremder, comparative fremder, superlative am fremdesten)
- strange
- foreign
- 2010, Der Spiegel[1], number 28/2010, page 93:
- Fast alle Amerikaner können ihre Wurzeln in fremde Länder zurückverfolgen, und deshalb ist Einwanderung ein Thema, das die Identität der USA auf besondere Weise berührt.
- Nearly all Americans can trace back their roots into foreign countries, and therefore immigration is an issue that touches the identity of the US in a special way.
- external
Declension
editnumber & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist fremd | sie ist fremd | es ist fremd | sie sind fremd | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | fremder | fremde | fremdes | fremde |
genitive | fremden | fremder | fremden | fremder | |
dative | fremdem | fremder | fremdem | fremden | |
accusative | fremden | fremde | fremdes | fremde | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der fremde | die fremde | das fremde | die fremden |
genitive | des fremden | der fremden | des fremden | der fremden | |
dative | dem fremden | der fremden | dem fremden | den fremden | |
accusative | den fremden | die fremde | das fremde | die fremden | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein fremder | eine fremde | ein fremdes | (keine) fremden |
genitive | eines fremden | einer fremden | eines fremden | (keiner) fremden | |
dative | einem fremden | einer fremden | einem fremden | (keinen) fremden | |
accusative | einen fremden | eine fremde | ein fremdes | (keine) fremden |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist fremder | sie ist fremder | es ist fremder | sie sind fremder | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | fremderer | fremdere | fremderes | fremdere |
genitive | fremderen | fremderer | fremderen | fremderer | |
dative | fremderem | fremderer | fremderem | fremderen | |
accusative | fremderen | fremdere | fremderes | fremdere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der fremdere | die fremdere | das fremdere | die fremderen |
genitive | des fremderen | der fremderen | des fremderen | der fremderen | |
dative | dem fremderen | der fremderen | dem fremderen | den fremderen | |
accusative | den fremderen | die fremdere | das fremdere | die fremderen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein fremderer | eine fremdere | ein fremderes | (keine) fremderen |
genitive | eines fremderen | einer fremderen | eines fremderen | (keiner) fremderen | |
dative | einem fremderen | einer fremderen | einem fremderen | (keinen) fremderen | |
accusative | einen fremderen | eine fremdere | ein fremderes | (keine) fremderen |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
editIcelandic
editNoun
editfremd f (genitive singular fremdar)
- furtherance, honour
Middle English
editAdjective
editfremd
- Alternative form of fremde
Scots
editAdjective
editfremd
- Alternative form of fremmit
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɛmd
- Rhymes:English/ɛmd/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with rare senses
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- English terms with quotations
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- English nouns
- English countable nouns
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- English childish terms
- en:Internet
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- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German terms with quotations
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adjectives
- Scots lemmas
- Scots adjectives