^ abDubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 232. ISBN9780786414390.
^"Rhode Island 1818 Governor". A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825. Tufts Digital Collections and Archives. January 11, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2022.